
Class 
Book. 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS— BULLETIN NO. 112 (Revised). 



A. C. TRUE, Dir 



AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS 



FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



A. C. TRUE and DICK J. CROSBY. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 

1 <H>4. 



v£ 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 

Sci, ntijii- Bureaus and Divisions. 

Weather Bureau — Willis L. Moorej Chief. 
BUREAU OF Animal Industry — D; E. Salmon, Chief. 
Bureau of Plant Industry — B. T. Galloway, Chief. 
Bureau of Forestry — GSfford Piachot, Forester. 
Bureau of Soils — Milton Whitney, Chief. 
Bureau of Chemistry — H. W. Wiley, Cherfri&t. 
Bureau of Statistics — John Hyde, Statistician, 
Bureau of Entomology — L. O. Howard, Entomologist. 
Division of Biological Survey — C. Hart Merriani, Chief. 
Office of Public Road Inquiries — Martin Dodge, Director. 



Office of Experiment Stations — A. C. True, Director. 



THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 



Alabama— 

College Station: Auburn; J. F. Buggar." 
Canebrake Station: Untontoiun; J. M. Riche- 

son.'' 
Tuskegee Station: Tuskegee'; G. W.Carver." 
Alaska — Sitka* C. O. Georgesbn.* 
ARIZONA— Tucson: R. H.Forbes." 
Arkansas — FayetteviUe: W. G. Yincenheller." 
California— Berkeley: E. W. Hilgard." 
Colorado— Fort Collins: L. G. Carpenter." 
Connecticut— 

state Station: New Hasten; E, H. Jenkins." 
Storrs station: Storrs; L. A. Clinton." 
Delaware!— Newark: A. T. Neale.a 
Florida— Lake City: Andrew Slrdd." 
GrEpsaiA— Experiment: R. J. Reddirigii 
Hawaii— 

Federal Station: Honolulu; .i.g. Smith. <* 
Sugar Planters' station: Honolulu; C. «F. 
Eckart.fl 
Idaho — Moscow: II. T. French." 
[llinois— Urbana: v.. Davenport.a 
Indiana — Lafayette: A. <;o-s." 
Iowa — Ames: C. F. Ciirtiss." 
Kansas— Manhattan: .1. T. Willard." 
Kentucky— Lexington: M. A. Scovell.a 

1. 01 [8IANA— 

State Station; Halnii RoUffl , i 

sugar station: \, u- Orleans; ■ W. R. Bodson.-fl 

North La. Station: Calhoun; ' 
Maine— OTono: C. D. Wood- " 
MARYXAND-^CbMe(7< Park: II. .1. Patterson." 
Massacih-sktts— A win est: II. H. Goodell.a 
Michigan— AgriculttiraA College: C. l». smith." 
oEirei '■ Assistant director. 



Minnesota— S7. Anthony Park, St. Paul: w. M. 

Liggett." 
Mississippi— Agricultural College: W. L. Hutchin- 
son." 
N Missouri— 

College Station: Columbia; F. B. Mumford.d 
Fruit Station: Mountain G/rove; Paul Evans." 
Montana— Boz&man: F. B. Lmiield." 
Nebraska— Lincoln: E. A. Burnett." 
Nevada— Reno: J. K. Stubbs.a 
New Hampshire— Durham: W. D. Gibbs.a 
New Jersev— New Brunswick: E. B. Voorhees." 
New Mexico— Misilla Par!:: Luther Foster." 
New York— 

Stale Station: Genevan W. H. Jordan." 
Cornell Station: Ithaca; L.H.Bailey." 
North Carolina— Raleigh: B. W. Kilgore." 
North Dakota — Agricultural College: J. H. 

Worst." 
"Ohio— Woa«t( r; ('. E. Thorne." 
Oklahoma— Stillwater; .lolm Fields." 
( ii:ki;iis- Qorvatlis: .1. Wil hyconilie." 
Pennsylvania— Safe College: H. P. Armsby.a 
Porto Rkx>— Mayagues: I>. W. May.o 
Rhode Island^— Kingston: H. J. Wheeler." 
South Carolina— Cferoson College: P, H. Bffell.a 
South Dakota— Brookings: J. W. Wilson." 
Tennessee— KrioxviKe: 
Texas— College Station: John A. Craig." 
Utah— Logan: J. A. Widtsoe.a 
Vermont— Burlington: J. L. Hills." 
Virginia — IHnekslitirg: A. M. Soule." 
Washington— Pullman: E. A. Bryan." 
West Virginia — Movgdntown: J. II. Stewart. <i 
Wisconsin— Madison: w. a. Renry.a 
Wyohing-t Laramie: B. C. nullum." 
special agent in charge. ''Acting director. 



U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS— BULLETIN NO. 112 (Revised). 



A. C. TRUE, Director. 






AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS 



IN 



FOREIGN COUNTRIES 



BY 



A. C. TRUE and DICK J. CROSBY. 




WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT PRINTINC4 OFFICE. 



1904. 



ts^y 



y 






\ 



<\o4 



OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. 

A. C. True, Ph. I>.— Director. 

E. W. Allen, Ph. D. — Assistant Director and Editor of Experiment Station Record. 

W. II. Beal — Chief of Editorial Division. 

John Hamilton — Farmers 1 Institute Specialist. 

C. E. Johnston — Chief Clerk. 

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENTS. 

E. W. A i, lex, PI' I)., and II. W. Lawson, M. D. — Chemistry, Dairy Farming, and 

Dairying. 
W. H. Beal — Agricultural Physics and Engineering. 
Walter H. Evans, Ph. D. — Botany and Diseases of Plants. 
C. F. Langwortiiy, Ph. D. — Foods awl Animal Production. 
J. I. Schulte — Field Crops. 
E. V. Wilcox, Ph. D. — Entomology and Veterinary Science. 

C. P>. Smith — Horticulture. 

D. J. Crosby — Agricultural Institution*. 



APR 8 1908 
D.ota 






LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. 



U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

Office of Experiment Stations, 
Washington, I). ('.. August 7-7, lOOJf,. 
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on experiment 
stations in foreign countries, prepared under my direction by Mr. 
Dick J. Crosby with the assistance of Miss M. T. Spethmann. This 
is a revision of Bulletin No. 112 of this Office, and the changes made 
are based largely on information secured directly from the officers of 
the stations. There are also accounts of about seventy-five stations 
not included in the original bulletin. These changes and this addi- 
tional information are of considerable importance, and I therefore 
recommend that the report be published as Bulletin No. 112 (revised) 
of this Office. 

Respectfully, 

A. C. True, 

Director, 
Hon. James Wilson, 

Si cretary of Agriculture. 

3 



CONTENTS 



Page. 

Key to abbreviations 22 

Introduction 23 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc., in foreign 
countries, with lists of officers, origin, equipment, income, and lines of 

work 31 

Algeria 31 

Algiers: Agricultural and Enological Station 31 

Roui'ba: Botanic Experiment Station 31 

Set i f : Experiment Garden 32 

Argentina 32 

La Plata: Office of Agronomy and Animal Husbandry 32 

Australia 32 

New South Wales 32 

Sydney: The New South Wales Department of Mines and Agri- 
culture 32 

Richmond: The Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Experi- 
mental Farm 33 

State, Farms 34 

Sydney 36 

Botanic Gardens and Domains 36 

Technological Museum 37 

Queensland 37 

Brisbane 37 

The Queensland Department of Agriculture 37 

Botanic Gardens 37 

Acclimatization Society 38 

Botanic Department T . . 38 

Bundaberg: Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations 38 

Gatton : Agricultural College and P^xperiment Farm 39 

State Farms 39 

Rockhampton: Acclimatization Society's Gardens 41 

South Australia 41 

Adelaide 41 

The South Australia Agricultural Bureau 41 

Botanic Garden 41 

Port Darwin: Botanic Garden 41 

Roseworthy : Agricultural College and Experimental Farm 41 

Tasmania 42 

Hobart .... 42 

Tasmania Department of Agriculture 42 

Botanic Gardens 42 

5 



6 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Australia — Continued. Page. 

Vict< iria 42 

Melbourne: The Department of Agriculture of Victoria 42 

Dookie: Agricultural College and Experimental Farm 42 

Melbourne 43 

National Herbarium 43 

Botanic Gardens 43 

Western Australia 43 

Perth: The Western Australia Department of Agriculture 43 

Experimental Farms 44 

Austria 45 

Vienna: Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture 45 

Bregenz : Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 45 

Briinn: Agricultural Experiment Station for Plant Culture 46 

Chrudim : Chemical Laboratory 4<> 

Czernowitz : Seed Control Station 46 

Dublany, near Lemberg: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Con- 
trol Station 46 

Feldsberg: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Sta- 
tion 47 

G6rz: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 47 

Gratz: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station. . 48 

Jungbunzlau : Agricultural Experiment Station 48 

Kaaden: Experiment and Seed Control Station 48 

Klagenfurt: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 49 

Laibach: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station for Carniola 49 

Leitmeritz: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Sta- 
tion 49 

Lemberg: Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station 50 

Lobositz: Prince Schwarzenberg Agricultural Chemical Experiment 

Station 50 

Marburg-on-the-Drave: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed 

Control Station 51 

Mariabrunn : Forestry Experiment Institute 51 

Neutitschein 51 

Moravian Seed Control Station 51 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 52 

Oberhermsdorf : Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 52 

Otterbach, near Scharding: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station . 52 

Parenzo: Agricultural Institute and Experiment Station 53 

Pilsen : Chemical Laboratory 53 

Prague 54 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station 54 

Agricultural Physiological Experiment Station 54 

Experiment station lor the Sugar Industry 54 

Experiment Station Eor the Distilling Industry 55 

Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry 55 

Prerau: Agricultural Seed Control Station 56 

St. Michael-on-the-Etsch: Agricultural [nstituteand Experiment Sta- 
tion 56 

Spalato: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 56 



CONTENTS. 7 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc — Continued. 

Austria — Continued. Page. 

Tabor 57 

Agricultural Experiment Station 57 

Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station 57 

Tetschen-Liebwerd: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 58 

Trautenau: Experiment Station for Flax Culture 58 

Troppau: Agricultural Botanic Experiment and Seed Control Station. 58 

Vienna 59 

Agricultural ( 'hemical Experiment Station 59 

Seed Control Station (Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station ) . . 60 

Chemical Technical Experiment Station 60 

Austrian Experiment Station and Academy for the Brewing 

I ndustry 61 

Belgium 61 

Brussels: Department of Agriculture 61 

Antwerp: Analytical Laboratory 62 

Bruges: Chemical Laboratory 63 

Courtrai : Communal Laboratory 63 

Gembloux 63 

State Chemical and Bacteriological Institute 63 

Dairy Station 64 

Analytical Laboratory 64 

Ghent 65 

Provincial Experimental < rarden 65 

Analytical Laboratory 65 

Hasselt: Analytical Laboratory 66 

Liege : Analytical Laboratory 66 

Louvain: Analytical Laboratory 67 

Mons : Analytical Laboratory 67 

Roulers: Provincial Agricultural Laboratory 68 

St. Nicolas 68 

Agricultural and Hygienic Laboratory 68 

Garden of the Society for Vegetable Culture 68 

Bosnia and Herzegovina 68 

Agricultural and Horticultural Stations 68 

Brazil 70 

( 'ampinas: Agricultural Institute of Sao Paulo 70 

Itabira, Minas Geraes: Agricultural Institute 71 

San Vicente, Sao Paulo : Botanic Garden 71 

Sao Carlos: Experimental and Demonstration Field of the Cultivators' 

Club 71 

Tramway da Cantareira, near Sao Paulo: Botanic Garden 71 

British East Africa 72 

I Iganda: Botanic Station 72 

Zanzibar 72 

Dunga 72 

Agricultural Department 72 

Experiment Station 72 

Zanzibar: Victoria < rardens 72 

British Guiana: Division of Science and Agriculture 72 

British Honduras 73 

Belize: Botanic Station 73 



8 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued, page. 

British West Indies. 74 

Barbados: Imperial Department of Agriculture 74 

Antigua: Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments 75 

Dodd's Reformatory, Barbados: Botanic Station and Sugar Cane 

Experiments 75 

Dominica: Botanic Station 75 

Grenada: Botanic Station 76 

Kingston, Jamaica 76 

Board of Agriculture 76 

Department of Public Gardens and Plantations 76 

Hope Experiment Station 77 

Montserrat : Experiment Stations 77 

St. Kitts-Nevis: Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments 78 

St. Lucia: Botanic Station 78 

St. Vincent: Botanic Station 78 

Tobago : Botanic Station 79 

Tortola: Experiment Station 79 

Trinidad: Botanic Department 79 

Bulgaria 80 

Plevna: Experiment Field of the Agricultural School 80 

Rustchuk: Experiment Field of the Agricultural School 80 

Sadova: Experiment Field of the Agricultural School 80 

Canada 80 

Ottawa 80 

Department of Agriculture 80 

Central Experimental Farm 81 

Branch Experimental Farms 81 

Agassiz: Experimental Farm for British Columbia 81 

Brandon : Experimental Farm for Manitoba 82 

Indian Head : Experimental Farm for the Northwest Terri- 
tories 82 

Nap pan: Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces ... 82 

Compton, Quebec : Experimental Farm 83 

Guelph ' 83 

Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm 83 

Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union 84 

Ontario Fruit Experiment Stations 84 

Ottawa: Botanic Garden 85 

Truro : Provincial Farm 85 

Wolfville: Nova Scotia School of Horticulture... '. 85 

Cape of Good Hope - 86 

Ca] >e Town 86 

Department of Agriculture 86 

Government Analytical Laboratory 86 

Cape Government Herbarium 87 

Elsenburg: School of Agriculture - 87 

Ceylon 87 

Peradeniya: Department of Royal Botanic Gardens 87 

Chile 88 

Santiago: Agronomic Station, Chemical Laboratory, and Veterinary 

Hospital 88 

Cuba 89 

Santiago de las Vegas: Central Experiment Station 89 



CONTENTS. V 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments < >f agriculture, etc. — Continued. Page. 

Denmark 89 

Copenhagen: Department of Agriculture. 89 

Aarhus: Moor Experiment Stations 90 

Ascov: Experiment Station •_ 90 

Copenhagen 90 

Agricultural and Experimental Laboratory 90 

Chemical Laboratory and Control Station 91 

Seed Control Station 91 

Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology 92 

Carlsberg Physiological Laboratory 92 

Lyngby : Experiment Station 92 

Tystofte : Experiment Station 92 

Vester-Hassing: Experiment Station 93 

Egypt 93 

Cairo : Khedivial Agricultural Society 93 

France 93 

Paris: Ministry of Agriculture 93 

Alais: Experiment Station for Sericulture 94 

Amiens : Agricultural Station 94 

Arras: Agricultural Station 94 

Auxerre: Agricultural Station 95 

Banyuls : Agricultural Station 95 

Beaune: Enological Station of Bourgogne 95 

Beauvais: Agricultural Station of Oise 96 

Besancon : Agricultural Station of Franche-Comte 96 

Bethune: Agricultural Laboratory '. 96 

Blois: Agricultural Station 97 

Bordeaux : Agricultural and Enological Station 97 

• Boulogne-sur-Mer 97 

Fish Culture Station 97 

Agricultural Laboratory 98 

Bourg-en-Bresse : Agricultural Laboratory 98 

Caen 98 

Agricultural Laboratory 98 

Agricultural Station 98 

Capelle : Agricultural Experiment Station 98 

Chalons: Agricultural Laboratory 99 

Chartres: Agricultural Station 99 

Chateauroux : Agricultural Station 99 

Cluny : Agricultural Station 100 

Cognac: Viticultural Station 100 

Commercy : Agricultural Laboratory 100 

Dijon: Agricultural Station 101 

Endoume: Marine Zoological Station 101 

Epinal : Agricultural Laboratory 101 

Foix : Agricultural Laboratory 102 

Fontainebleau : Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology 102 

Grignon : Agricultural Station 102 

Juvisy : Station of Agricultural Climatology 103 

Laon: Agricultural Station and Bacteriological Laboratory 103 

Laval : Agricultural Laboratory 104 

Lch Sables d' Olonne : Zoological Laboratory 1 04 

Lezardeau: Agricultural Station 104 



10 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — ( Jontinued. 

France Continued. Page. 

Lille: Agricultural Station. L05 

Lyon: Agricultural Station 105 

Mamirolle: Dairy Station L05 

Manosque: Sericultural Station 105 

Marseille L06 

Agricultural Station 106 

Laboratory for Technical Tests 106 

Melun: Agricultural Station 106 

Meudon: Station of Vegetable Physiology 107 

Montpellier 107 

Etiological Station 107 

Sericultural Station 107 

Agricultural Station 108 

Viticultural Laboratory 108 

Nancy: Agricultural Station 108 

Nantes: Agricultural Station of the Pasteur Institute 109 

Narbonne: Enological Station 109 

Nevers: Agricultural Laboratory 110 

Nimes 110 

Departmental Agricultural Laboratory 110 

Enological Station 1 10 

Nogent-sur-Marne: Colonial Garden Ill 

< >lii iet: Laboratory Ill 

( Orleans: Agricultural Laboratory 1 12 

Paris 112 

Entomological Station of Paris 112 

Agricultural Station of the East 112 

Laboratory of Fermentati* >ns 112 

Station of Vegetable Pathology 113 

Seed Testing Station 113 

Station for Testing Agricultural Implements 113 

Laboratory < if the < ieneral Transportation Company 114 

IVtre: Agricultural Station 114 

Poitiers: Agricultural Laboratory 114 

Rennes: Agricultural Station 115 

bethel: Agricultural Station ." 115 

R( men 115 

Agricultural Station 115 

Agricultural Entomological Laboratory 116 

St. Etienne: Agricultural Laboratory 116 

Soligny: Dairy Station lit! 

T( hi louse llt> 

Agricultural Station 116 

Enological Station 117 

Tours: Agricultural Laboratory 117 

Versailles 117 

I >r | .art mental Agricultural Station 117 

1 lorticultural Research Laboratory IIS 

Villa Tim ret: Station of Vegetable Physiology 118 

Villefranche-sur-Saone: Viticultural and Vegetable Pathological Sta- 
tion 118 



CONTENTS. 1 1 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Page. 

French Kongo 118 

Libreville: Trial < rarden 118 

German East Africa 119 

Amani: Biological Agricultural Institute 119 

Usambara: Agricultural Experiment Station 1 19 

Germany 119 

Arendsee: Seed Control Station L20 

Augsburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 1£0 

Augustenberg: Agricultural Experiment Station 121 

Berlin 121 

Institute for Fermentation Industries and Starch Manufacture. . . 1-1 

Experiment Station for Milling 122 

Biological Division for Agriculture and Forestry of the Royal 

Board of Health 122 

Chemical Laboratory of the Sugar Industry Union of Germany. . 123 

Bernburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 123 

Bonn -- 124 

Agricultural Experiment Station 124 

Institute of Animal Physiology ( Poppelsdorf ) 124 

Agricultural Experiment Station and Field of the Agricultural 

Academy ( Poppelsdorf) 125 

Bremen : Moor Experiment Station 125 

Bremervorde: Seed Control Station of the Agricultural School 126 

Breslau 126 

Agricultural Botanical Experiment and Seed Control Station 126 

Agricultural Experiment and Control Station 126 

Agricultural Chemical and Bacteriological Institute 126 

Institute for Agricultural Plant Production 127 

University Institute of Animal Chemistry 127 

Brunswick : Experiment Station 127 

Colmar: Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station 128 

Dahme: Agricultural Experiment Station 128 

Danzig: Agricultural Experiment and Seed Control Station 128 

Darmstadt : 129 

Agricultural Experiment Station 12i) 

Dairy Experiment Station 129 

Dobeln : Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 130 

Dresden 130 

Chemical and Physiological Experiment Station 130 

Experiment Station for Plant Culture 130 

Ebstorf: Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding Stuffs, etc 131 

Fried berg: Grand Ducal School for Pomology and Agricultural Winter 

School 131 

Fulda: Dairy Experiment Station 131 

Geisenheim-on-the-Rhine: Experiment Station for Pomology, Viti- 
culture, and Gardening 132 

Gottingen 132 

Animal Physiological Experiment Station 132 

Experiment Field of the University 1 33 

Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding Stuffs, and Seeds 133 

Gustrow: Dairy Laboratory of the Central Cooperative Dairy 134 



12 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Germany Continued. Page. 

I [alien >n-the-Saale 134 

I. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 134 

I 1 . Agricultural Chemical Control Station 134 

Experimenl Station for Plant Diseases. 135 

Physiological Laboratory, Experiment Field, and Park for Do- 
mestic Animals L35 

Hamburg 136 

Agricultural Botanic Experimenl Station l.'!*> 

Botanic Museum and Laboratory for Commercial Products 136 

Hamburg-Horn: Agricultural Experiment Station for the Study of 

Plant Growth : 136 

Hameln: Dairy Experiment Station 136 

Hildesheim: Agricultural Experiment Station 137 

Hohenheim: Experiment Stations of flic Agricultural Institute 137 

I i isterl »urg : Agricultural Experiment Station 138 

Jena: Agricultural Experiment and Control Station 138 

Kaiserlautern: District Agricultural Field and Experiment Station. . . 139 

Kempen-pn-the-Rhine: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station .. 139 

Kiel 139 

Agricultural Experiment Station 139 

Seed Control Station 140 

Kleinhof-Tapiau: Dairy Experiment Station and Institute 140 

Konigsberg 141 

Agricultural Experiment Station 141 

Dairy Lai (oratory 141 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 141 

Division of Plant Pathology of the University Agricultural Insti- 
tute 142 

Division of Plant Production of the University Agricultural Insti- 
tute 142 

Kbslin: Agricultural ( 'hemical Experiment and Seed Control Station. 142 

Leipzig: Agricultural Institute of the University ". ... 142 

Marburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 143 

Mockern: Loyal Agricultural Experiment Station 143 

Munich T ' 144 

Central Agricultural Experiment Station 144 

Agricultural Physiological Laboratory and Experiment Field 144 

Station for Scientific Brewing 144 

Agricultural Botanic Institute 145 

Moor Culture Institute ■ 145 

Minister: Agricultural Experiment Station 140 

Oldenburg-on-the-Main: Experiment and Control Station 14<> 

Pommritz: Experiment Station for Upper Lusatia 146 

Posen-Jersitz: Agricultural Experimenl station 147 

Proskau 147 

Dairy Institute 147 

Experiment Station for Plant Physiology 147 

Rostock: Experiment Station 148 

Sorau: Flax Culture Station 148 

Spever: Agricultural Experiment Station 148 

Tharand: station for Plant Physiology and Seed Control 149 



CONTENTS. 13 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Germany — Continued. Page. 

Triesdorf : Agricultural Experiment Station 14! » 

Tubingen: Forestry Experiment .Station '. 150 

Weihenstephan: Laboratories of the Royal Academy of Agriculture 

and Brewing 150 

Weinsberg: Viticultural Experiment Station 150 

Wiesbaden: Experiment Station 151 

Wreschen: Dairy Experiment Station and Institute 151 

Wiirzburg: District Agricultural Experiment Station 151 

Gold Coast 152 

Aburi: Botanic Garden 152 

Great Britain 152 

London : Board of Agriculture and Fisheries 152 

Aberdeen: Agricultural Research Association 153 

Aberystwyth: University College of Wales (Agricultural Depart- 
ment) 153 

Aspley Guise, R. S. O., Beds: Agricultural Experiment Station (Wo- 

burn Experimental Farm ) 154 

Bangor: University College of North Wales (Agricultural Depart- 
ment) 154 

Bath : Bath and West and Southern Counties Society 155 

Cambridge 155 

Cambridge University ( Agricultural Department) 155 

University Botanic < Tarden 155 

-Chelmsford: Essex Technical Laboratories, Essex County Council. . . 155 

Cirencester: Royal Agricultural College and Farm 156 

Dalmeny Park : Experiment Station 150 

Dublin 157 

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland. 157 

Royal Dublin Society 158 

Trinity College Botanic Gardens 158 

Edinburgh 158 

Experiment Station of the Highland and Agricultural Society of 

Scotland (Pumpherston) 158 

Royal Botanic Garden 158 

Glasgow ■. 158 

The West of Scotland Agricultural College 158 

Botanic Gardens 159 

Glasnevin, near Dublin: Royal Botanic Gardens 159 

Grange-over-Sands: Aynsome Agricultural Station 159 

Harpenden: Lawes Agricultural Trust, Rothamsted Experiment Sta- 
tion 100 

Holmes Chapel : Agricultural and I lorticultural School • 100 

Kew : Royal ( iardens 161 

Kingston-on-Soar: Midland Agricultural and Dairy Institute 164 

Leeds: Yorkshire College (Agricultural Department) 165 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Durham College of Science (Department of 

Agriculture and Forestry ) and Fan 1 1 165 

Newport Salop: Harper-Adams Agricultural College 105 

Norwood: Botanical Department, Royal Agricultural Society 106 

Oxford : University Botanic Garden 166 

Newton Rigg, Penrith: Cumberland and Westmoreland Farm School. 106 



14 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — ( iontinued. 

Great Britain— Continued. Page. 

Reading: University College (Agricultural Department) 166 

Uckfield: Agricultural College L67 

Woburn: Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm 167 

Wye: Southeastern Agricultural College 168 

Hungary 168 

Budapest 168 

Ministry of Agriculture 168 

Entomological Station '. 169 

Station for Animal Physiology and Nutrition 169 

Central Seed Control Institution 170 

Royal Chemical Experiment Station 170 

Debreczen 171 

Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture 171 

Royal Hungarian Chemical Experiment Station 171 

Seed Control Station 172 

Fiume: Royal Hungarian Chemical Station 172 

Kassa 172 

Chemical Experiment Station 172 

Experiment Station for the Distilling Industry 172 

Seed Control Station 172 

Keszthely - 172 

( !hemical Experiment Station 172 

Seed Control Station 172 

Kolosvar ( Klausenburg) 173 

( ihemical Experiment Station 173 

Seed Control Station 1 ' 

.Magyar-* >v;ir ( Ungarisch-Altenburg) 17: 

riant Culture Experiment Station 1/ 

Experiment Station for Agricultural Implements 173 

Public Station for Seed Control and Plant Physiology and Pathol- 

1 »gy 174 

( Ihemical Experiment Station 174 

Dairy Experiment Station 175 

Pozsony (Pressburg): Chemical Experiment Station 175 

Selmeczbanya: Central Station of Forestry 175 

India 175 

Agra: Taj and other Government Gardens and Park 175 

, Allahabad: Government Gardens 176 

Bangalore: Botanic < lardens 176 

Baroda: Botanic < rarden 176 

Bombay: Municipal Gardens 176 

British Sikkim: Government Cinchona Plantations 177 

Calcutta: Agri- Horticultural Society of India 177 

( 'awn pore: botanic Gardens 177 

Chittagong: < Ihittagong Farm 177 

Cuttack: Agricultural Farm .1 177 

Darbhangah: Maharajah's Garden 177 

Darjeeling: Lloyd Botanic Garden 177 

Dumraon: Dumraon Experimental Farm 178 

Gotaiya: Cawnpore Experiment Farm 178 

t . walior : Botanic Garden L78 



CONTENTS. 1 5 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agiiculture, etc. — Continued. 

India — Continued. Page. 

Hathwa Raj District: Sripur Farm 179 

Karachi : Municipal Garden 179 

Kumaon (Ramghur) : Botanic Garden 179 

Lahore: Botanic Garden 179 

Lucknow : Government Hoi'ti cultural Gardens 179 

Madras 179 

Department of Agriculture 1 79 

Agri-Horticultural Society 180 

Morvi : Botanic Garden 180 

Mysore : Department of Agricultural Chemistry 180 

Nagpur 180 

Government Experimental Farm 180 

Horticultural Gardens 181 

Ootacumund 181 

Botanic Garden 181 

Government Cinchona Plantations 181 

Pala: Burdwan Experimental Farm _ .' '. 182 

Poona 182 

(Ghorpuri) Botanic Garden 182 

Botanic Department of the College of Science 182 

Government Experiment Farms, Kirkee and Manjri 182 

Pusa: Experiment Station of the Imperial Agricultural College. . 182 

Saharanpur : Botanic Gardens 183 

Saidapet: Saidapet Experimental Farm 183 

Samalkot: Sugar Cane Station 183 

Sibpur 183 

Department of Royal Botanic Gardens 183 

Experimental Farm of the Civil Engineering College 183 

Surat: Government Experiment Farm 184 

Taunggyi: Division of Experimental Cultivation 184 

Trivandrum, Travancore: Museum and Botanic Gardens 184 

Udaipur : Botanic Garden 184 

Italy 185 

Rome: Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce 185 

Asti: Enological Station 185 

Florence: Entomological Station 186 

Forli: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station _ . . 186 

Lodi: Experiment Station for Cheese Making 186 

Milan: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 187 

Modena: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 187 

Padua: Sericultural Station 188 

Palermo: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 188 

Pavia : Cryptogamic Laboratory 188 

Pisa : Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 189 

Portici (Naples): Royal Agricultural High School 189 

Rome 190 

Experiment Station f( »r Vegetable Pathology 190 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 190 

Scandicci (Florence): Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 191 

Siena: Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 191 

Turin: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 191 



L6 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc.— Continued. 

Italy — Continued. Page. 

Udine: Agricultural Chemical Experimenl station 192 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratories 192 

Japan 193 

Tokyo: The Ministry of Agriculture and ( lommerce 193 

Nishigahara, near Tokyo: Centred Agricultural Experiment Station.. 194 

Branch Stations 195 

Hanadatemura: Eikuu Branch Station 195 

Kashiwara: Kinai Branch Station 196 

I dzumimura: Kiushu Branch Station 196 

Branch Station* Recently Transferred to Local Governments 196 

Anjomura: Tokai Branch Station 196 

Gionmura: Sanio Branch Station 197 

Imaichi: Sanin Branch Station 197 

Kanoinyomura: Shikoku Branch Station 197 

Magasakimura: Too Branch Station 197 

Matsutomachi : Hokuriku Branch Station 197 

Kinngasa: Kyoto Sericultural Institute 198 

Nishigahara, near Tokyo: Tokyo Sericultural Institute 198 

Sapporo: Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station 198 

Taichiu: Experiment Station 198 

Tainan: Experiment Station 199 

Taipeh: Experiment Station 199 

Toshiyen : Tea Experiment Station 199 

Prefectorial Agricultural Experiment Stations 200 

Private Experiment Stations 200 

Java 201 

Buitenzorg: Botanic Station 201 

Kagok, Pekalongan: West Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station 202 

Klaten: Experiment Station for Indigo 202 

Pasoeroean: East Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station 202 

Salatiga: Agronomic Station 203 

Kongo Fret' State 203 

Coquithatville: Botanic Garden and Experiment Station 203 

Luxemburg 203 

El tell niick : Agricultural Experiment Station 203 

Mai lagasca r 203 

Nahanisana: Agricultural Experimenl Station 203 

Malta 203 

Sant' Antonio Gardens 203 

Argotti Botanic Garden 204 

Mauritius , 204 

Curepipe: Botanic Gardens 204 

Pample usses: Department of Forestsand Botanic Gardens 204 

Reduit 20-1 

Agricultural Station 204 

Botanic ( iardens 205 

Natal 1 205 

Pietermaritzburg: NatsH Agricultural Department 205 

Cedara: Central Experimenl Farm 205 

Durham Botanic < iardens 205 

Pietermaritzburg: Botanic Gardens 206 



CONTENTS. 17 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Page. 

Netherlands 206 

Classes of Experimental Institutions 206 

Government Experiment Stations and Laboratories 206 

Amsterdam: Willie Commelin-Scholten Laboratory of Vege- 
table Pathology 207 

Goes: Government Agricultural Experiment Station 207 

Groningen: Government Agricultural Experiment Station .. 208 

Hoorn : Government Agricultural Experiment Station 208 

Maastricht: Government Agricultural Experiment Station . . . 209 

Wageningen 209 

Government Seed Control Station 209 

Central Agricultural Experiment Station 209 

Government Demonstration Fields 210 

Dairy Experiments 211 

Subsidized Demonstration Fields 211 

New Zealand 213 

Wellington : New Zealand Department of Agriculture 213 

Christchurch 214 

Poultry Station at Burnham Industrial School 214 

Colonial Botanic Garden 214 

Dunedin : Colonial Botanic Garden 214 

Invercargill : Colonial Botanic Garden 214 

Lincoln : Canterbury Agricultural College 214 

Milton, Otago: Poultry Station 214 

Napier: Colonial Botanic Garden 214 

Ruakura, Hamilton : Waikato Experiment Station 214 

AVaerenga: Experiment Station 215 

Wavcrlv: Momohaki Fxperiment Station 215 

Wellington: Colonial Botanic Garden 215 

Weraroa: Experiment Station 216 

Norway 216 

Christiania: Department of Agriculture 216 

Aas 216 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School 216 

Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultural High School 217 

Bergen: Milk Control Station 217 

Christiania 218 

Agricultural Chemical Control Station 218 

Milk Control Station 218 

Seed Control Station 218 

Veterinary Pathological and Animal Vaccine Institute 218 

Hamar: Seed Control Station 219 

Nordstrand, near Christiania: Entomological Laboratory 219 

Trondhjem 220 

Milk Control Station 220 

Agricultural Chemical Control Station 220 

Seed Control Station 220 

Paraguay 220 

Asuncion : Scho< >1 < >f Agriculture and Model Farm 220 

Portugal 221 

Coimbra : Agricultural Laboratory 221 

Evora: Agricultural Laboratory 221 

5368— No. 112—04 2 



18 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Portugal — Continued. page. 

Lisbon 221 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 221 

Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology 221 

Mirandella: Agricultural Experiment Station 221 

Oporto: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 222 

Reunion 222 

Providence: Agronomic Station 222 

St. Denis: Botanic Garden 222 

Rhodesia 222 

Salisbury 222 

Department of Agriculture 222 

Experiment Station 222 

Roumania 223 

Bukharest 223 

Agricultural Experiment Station 223 

Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture. 223 

Zootechnical Institute 223 

Constante: Experiment Field for Forage Plants and Irrigation Experi- 
ments 223 

Russia 223 

St. Petersburg: Ministry of Agriculture and Domains 223 

Abo: Agricultural Chemical and Seed Control Station 224 

Alexeyevka: Aseyev Experiment Field 224 

Andizhan : Andizhan Experiment Field 224 

Barnaul : Dairy Station 225 

Bielgorod 225 

Murom Experiment Field 225 

Experiment Field of the Kharkov Society for Agriculture and 

Agricultural Industries 1 . 225 

Bodrowiz: Experiment Field 225 

Bogodukhov: Agricultural Experiment Station 225 

Bogoroslon : Experiment Field 225 

Chistopol: Experiment Field of the Chistopol Agricultural Society. 226 

Chojnowo: Agricultural Experiment Station 226 

Chuchloma: Experiment Field 226 

Dmitriev: Uyutnoe Experiment Field 226 

Dorogobush: Engelhardt Experiment Station 226 

Dorpat ( Yuryev) 227 

Chemical Control Station 227 

Bacteriological Station 227 

Eupatoria: Experiment Field 227 

( ilatzov : Verkhosunye Experiment Field 227 

Golodnaya Steppe: Golodnaya Steppe Experiment Field 227 

( b >rodishe: Flax Culture Station 228 

< rraivoron: Experiment Field 228 

Helsingfors: Agricultural and Commercial Chemical Laboratory 228 

Jeletz: Experiment Field of the Jeletz Agricultural Society 228 

Kahanovskaya: Experiment Field 228 

Kainsk : I )airy Station 228 

Karavazi: Experiment Cotton Fields 228 

Kasan: Bacteriological Station 229 

Kashin: Kashin Flax Culture Station 229 



CONTENTS. 19 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Russia — Continued. Page. 

Khabarovsk: Experiment Field 229 

Kharkov : Bacteriological Station 230 

Kherson : Experiment Field 230 

Kiev 230 

Seed Control Station and Agricultural Laboratory 230 

Technical Laboratory 230 

Kishenev: Experiment Station 231 

Klin: Experiment Field 231 

Kobyliaki : Andreyev Experiment Field 231 

Kologriv : Experiment Field 231 

Korotcha: Experiment Field 231 

Koslov : Koslov Experiment Field 231 

Kurgau : Dairy Station 231 

Kutai's: Experiment Cotton Field 232 

Kutno: Kutno Agricultural Experiment Station 232 

Kyoshi : Askhabad Experiment Cotton Field 232 

Lipovetz: Station for Seed Selection and Experiment Field 232 

Lokhvitza 232 

Experiment Tobacco Plantation 232 

Experiment Field for Oil Bearing Plants 233 

Luga: Zapolye Experiment Station 233 

Medtzi: Agricultural Experiment Station 233 

Mitan : Experiment Station 234 

Morshansk : Experiment Field 234 

Moscow t 234 

Bacteriological Agricultural Station 234 

Experiment Field 234 

Mustiala 235 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 235 

Experiment Station 235 

IN ikolaevsko-Uljanovsko : Experiment Field 235 

Nolinsk : Viatka Flax Culture Station 235 

Novo-Alexandria: Experiment Farm 235 

Novocherkassk : Experiment Field 235 

Novo-Oshan : Experiment Farm 236 

Novosil: Shatilov Agricultural Experiment Station 236 

Odessa : Experiment Field 236 

Omsk 236 

Experiment Field 236 

Dairy Station 237 

Orlov: Experiment Field 237 

Ostrogoisk : Experiment Field 237 

Ozurgeti : Ozurgeti Experimental Tobacco Plantation 237 

Ploti : Agricultural Experiment Station 237 

Poltava: Experiment Field 237 

Porkhov: Flax Culture Station 238 

Prasnishsk: Khoinovski Experiment Station 238 

Riga 238 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Testing Station 238 

Experiment Farm 239 

St. Petersburg 239 

Agricultural Bacteriological Laboratory 239 



20 CONTENTS. 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 
Russia — Continued. 

St. Petersburg — Continued. Page. 

Seed Testing Station 239 

Phytopathological Station 240 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 240 

Samara: Experiment Field 240 

Securyani : Grinovutsi Farm 240 

Signakh: Signakh Experiment Tobacco Plantation 240 

Smeinogorsk: Dairy Station 241 

Sobieszyn: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 241 

Sochi: Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station 241 

Staroi-Oskol : Bogoroditzk Experiment Field 24 1 

Stavropol: Experiment Field 242 

Sudja: Sudja Experiment Field 242 

Sukhum: Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station 242 

Taganrog: Taganrog Experiment Field 242 

Tashkend: Turkestan Agricultural Experiment Station 242 

Tiflis: Silk Culture Station 242 

Tomsk: Central Dairy Station 24:: 

Tver: Seed Testing Station 243 

Urshum: Okun Experiment Field 248 

Valuiki : Kostichev Agricultural Experiment Station 24.'! 

Varnavin : Experiment Field 244 

Velikoe Selo: Peasant Experiment Farm 244 

Viatka: Agricultural Experiment Station 244 

Vuisokoe Selo : Experiment Farm 245 

Warsaw : Seed Testing Station 245 

Weltz, near Wesenberg: Agricultural Chemical Laboratory and Con- 
trol Station 245 

Yalta 245 

Enological Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Cellar 245 

Tobacco Experiment Plantation 240 

Yekaterinskaia: Experiment Field 240 

Yelabuga: Asanov Experiment Field 240 

Experiment Forests 240 

Spain 240 

( Jiudad Real : Enological Station 246 

I laro : Enological Station 240 

Madrid 247 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School 247 

Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology 247 

Murcia: Sericultural Station 247 

Palencia: Enological Station 247 

Toro: Enological Station 247 

Villafranca del Panades: Enological Station 247 

straits Settlements 247 

Penang: Botanic < Jarden 247 

Singapore: Botanic Gardens 248 

Sweden 248 

Stockholm: State Department of Agriculture 248 

Albano, near Stockholm 248 

Entomological Station 248 

Experiment Station 240 

Boras: Seed Control Station 250 



CONTENTS. 21 

Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. 

Sweden — C» intinued . Page. 

Christianstad: Seed Control Station 250 

Gene: Seed Control Station 250 

Goteborg: Seed Control Station 250 

Halmstad : Chemical and Seed Control Station 251 

Hernosand: Chemical and Seed Control Station 251 

Jonkoping 251 

Experiment Station of the Swedish Moor Association 251 

Seed Control Station 252 

Chemical Station 252 

Kalmar: Chemieal and Seed Control Station 252 

Linkoping: Seed Control Station 253 

Lulea: Experiment Station for Agricultural Chemistry, Vegetable 

Physiology, and Seed Control 253 

Lund: Seed Control Station 253 

Molkom: Seed and Milk Control Station and Chemical Laboratory.. 254 

Ope, near Ostersund : Seed Control Station 254 

Orebro: Chemical and Seed Control Station 254 

Skara: Chemical and Seed Control Station 255 

Stockholm : Seed Control Station 255 

Svalof : Swedish Seed Breeding Station 255 

Upsala: Seed Control Station 256 

Westeras: Chemical and Seed Control Station 256 

Wisby 257 

Chemical and Seed Control Station 257 

Institution for Local Manuring Experiments 257 

Agricultural Chemical Stations of Agricultural Societies 257 

Switzerland 258 

Bern: Department of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture 258 

Lausanne 258 

Agricultural Chemical Station 258 

Viticultural Station 358 

Dairy Station '. . 259 

Seed" Control Station 259 

Liebefeld, near Bern 259 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 259 

Bacteriological Laboratory 260 

Dairy Experiment Station 260 

Rutti-Zollikofen: Dairy School and Experiment Station 261 

Wadensweil: Experiment Station and School for Fruit, Wine, and 

Garden Culture 261 

Zurich 262 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 262 

Experiment Station for Brewing 262 

Seed Control Station 263 

Transvaal 263 

Pretoria: Transvaal Department of Agriculture 263 

Tunis 263 

Tunis 263 

Department of Agriculture and Commerce 263 

Colonial Agricultural School 264 

Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Station 264 

Trial Garden 264 

Wine Making and Bacteriological Laboratory 264 



KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS. 



Actg., Acting. 

Admin., Administrator. 

Agr., Agriculture, Agriculturist, Agricul- 
tural. 

Agron., Agronomy, Agronomic. 

Agt., Agent. 

Anal., Anatomy. 

Assoc, Associate. 

Asst., Assistant. 

Bad., Bacteriology, Bacteriologist, Bac- 
teriological. 

Biol., Biology, Biologist, Biological. 

Bot., Botany, Botanii-t, Botanical. 

< hair., Chairman. 

Chem., Chemist, Chemistry, Chemical. 
Colon., Colonial. 
Com., Commerce. 

< 'om r. , Com ] 1 1 issioner. 
Con., Conductor. 

Corresp., Correspondent, Correspond- 
ence. 

( 'in-., Curator. 

Dept., Department. 

Dir., Director. 

J)ir., Division. 

Earn., Economy, Economic, Economics. 

Engin., Engineer, Engineering. 

Engl., English. 

Enol., Penologist. 

Knl., Entomology, Entomologist. 

Expt., Experiment, Experimental, Ex- 
perimentalist, Experimenter. 

Fert., Fertilizer. 

For., Forestry. 

Form., Foreman. 

Gard., Garden, Gardener, Gardening. 

Geol., Geology, Geologist, Geological. 

Gov., < Jovernor. 

Govt., < rovernment. 

Ilort., Horticulture, Horticulturist. 

ff/ish., Husbandry, Husbandman. 

[ml us., Industrial, Industries, Industry. 

Tnsp., inspector. 
22 



Tnst., Institute. 

Instir., Instructor. 

Invest., Investigations. 

Irrig., Irrigation. 

Lab., Laboratory. 

Led., Lecturer. 

TAbr., Library, Librarian. 

Much., Machinery. 

Math., .Mathematics. 

Mech., Mechanics, Mechanical, Mechani- 
cian. 

Met., Meteorology, Meteorologist. 

Mgr., Manager. 

Micros., Microscopy, Microscopist. 

Mm., Mines, Mining. 

Minis., Minister. 

Myc, Mycology, Mycologist. 

Orch., Orchardist. 

Path., Pathology, Pathologist. 

Pharm., Pharmacy, Pharmacist. 

Phys., Physics, Physicist, Physical. 

Physiol., Physiology, Physiological, Phys- 
iologist. 

Prad., Practical, Practice. 

Pres., President. 

1'rin., Principal. 

Reg., Registrar. 

Sci., Science, Scientific. 

Sec, Secretary. 

St 1 1., Station. 

Sien., Stenographer, Stenography. 

Substa., Substation. 

Supt. , Superintendent. 

Tech., Technology, Technical. 

Treas., Treasurer. 

Univ., University. 
V.- Dir., Vice-Director. 
Veg., Vegetable, Vegetation. 
Vet., Veterinary, Veterinarian. 
Vit., Viticulture, Viticulturist. 
V.-Pres., Vice-President. 

Zool., /oology, Zoologist. 

Zoot., Zootechny, Zootechnical. 



INTRODUCTION. 



This is a revision of Bulletin No. 112. As in the earlier bulletin, 
the following sources of information have been utilized: (1) Printed 
reports and bulletins of stations and departments of agriculture; (2) 
articles in the Experiment Station Record and numerous foreign jour- 
nals, (3) reference books in the library of this. Department, and (1) 
correspondence with directors of stations. Among the reference 
books the two most frequently used were Mentzel and von Lengerke's 
Icmdwirthschqftlicher Hulfs- und Schreib-Kalender and Congres Inter- 
national des Stations Agronomigues, Paris, by L. and H. Grandeau. 
Very satisfactory information regarding experiment stations in France 
was found in a recent article by L. Grandeau/' The printed state- 
ments made in the original bulletin regarding the different stations 
were sent to the directors of the stations for revision, and in this way 
most of the data have been verified. 

As compared with the original bulletin, which listed about 720 
experiment stations and similar institutions, this bulletin contains 
accounts of 798 such institutions arranged in alphabetical order by 
countries and cities. Among these, however, are included many insti- 
tutions which for lack of further information are mentioned in the 
bulletin by title only, and a quite large number of experimental fields, 
laboratories, and other enterprises which in this country would not be 
called stations. Briefly stated, the list includes the various agencies 
of different kinds and grades for experiment and investigation in agri- 
culture and for the protection and information of farmers. Purely as 
:i matter of convenience these agencies are referred to collectively 
as "stations." As far as possible an attempt has been made to give 
an idea of the systems in the different countries, and this is followed 
by a description of the individual stations, their origin, personnel. 
equipment, revenue, and lines of work. 

The revised bulletin demonstrates not only the world-wide extent 
of the station movement at the present time, but also the substantial 
growth of the movement during the past two years. Nearly every 
civilized country of the globe now has its system of institutions for 

"Ann. Sci. Agron., 2. ser., 1902-3, I, No. 3, pp. 448-470. 

23 



24 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

research in agriculture. The most notable exception in Europe is 
Greece, where, so far ;ts can be learned, t here arc no stations or similar 
agencies in operation. In Asia there are a goodly number of stations 
located in Russia, Japan, and British India. The Chinese Empire rep- 
resents a large area which is entirely without stations, and the same 
condition applies to Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan. 
Africa has quite a large number of stations in the English, French, 
and German colonies, and several of these are of epiite recent origin. 
There are no stations as yet in Mexico or in Central America, except 
in British Honduras, where a botanic garden is located; and of the 
South American countries no trace has been obtained of any stations 
in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Patagonia, Peru, Uruguay, or Vene- 
zuela. Australia and New Zealand have a large number of stations of 
various kinds, which are actively studying the practical problems 
suggested by the agriculture of those countries. 

The largest number of separate agencies for investigation and 
experiment in agriculture is found in Russia, in spite of the fact that 
the movement is comparativel}" recent there. That country has 115 
such establishments and 3 experimental forests. Many of them are 
small demonstration fields, established for the purpose of instructing 
the peasants or of introducing new agricultural industries; others 
serve as the centers for the production and distribution of improved 
varieties of seeds and plants, and some are conducted as institutions 
for research. There are a number of stations for special crops, such 
as tobacco, sugar beets, silk, cotton, olives, tea. wines, and other 
products. 

The number of German stations listed is 87, which includes about a 
dozen control stations and laboratories for miscellaneous analyses, 
together with a number of stations for special industries. The only 
real bond of union between the German stations is the Association of 
Agricultural Experiment Stations in the 1 German Empire, which was 
organized at Weimar in 1888 for the purpose of securing uniformity 
in methods for control work, and this does not include all of the 
stations. 

The agricultural stations and laboratories of France, of which there are 
74, are neaiaV all under the general direction of an inspector-general, 
an officer of the Ministry of Agriculture. Prof. L. Grandeau has held 
this position since its creation in 1882. 

Austria has 40 stations, about one-third of which are of the grade 
of the control station. These are under the general control of the 
Ministry of Agriculture, which also issues an official publication con- 
taining reports and papers on various phases of the station work. 

In Great Britain it is difficult to determine what should be listed as 
stations, as many of the institutions were not established primarily for 
agricultural experimentation, but have been subsidized by the Board 



INTRODUCTION. 25 

of Agriculture for that purpose, or have taken up a certain amount of 
work which has an incidental bearing on research. In the British 
Islands there are about 32 agencies, including 9 institutions that may 
be regarded as stations, 16 institutions which are subsidized by the 
Board of Agriculture, and 7 botanic gardens. In India there are 12 
experimental farms and plantations, and 26 botanic and municipal 
gardens, besides a number of other agencies for the benefit of agricul- 
ture. An endowment fund of $150,000 has recently been given for 
the establishment of an Imperial Agricultural College and Experiment 
Station at Pusa, Bengal. 

Belgium has a system of 16 stations, 10 of which are analytical and 
chemical laboratories, all under the supervision of the Belgian Bureau 
of Agriculture. Hungary has 22 stations, under the supervision of 
of the Central Commission of Experiment Stations, which provides an 
organ for the publication of their work, and Italy has 25 stations and 
laboratories which receive a portion of their appropriation from the 
Government, many of them also receiving funds from the province or 
municipality in which they are located and from local agricultural 
associations and chambers of commerce. 

A feature of the system in Australia, which includes 35 institutions, 
is the State farms. There are 16 of these scattered over the country, 
which are devoted for the most part to cultural and similar experi- 
ments, demonstrations of good farming, the improvement of live 
stock, and similar work. 

In the Netherlands there are 7 stations, including a seed control sta- 
tion and a laboratory of vegetable pathology, besides a system of 11 
government demonstration fields, 10 daily experiments under local 
dairy instructors, and 20 subsidized demonstration fields conducted 
under the auspices of local agricultural and horticultural societies. 

Sweden has 26 stations controlled and partially supported by the 
State Department of Agriculture, most of which are chemical and seed 
control stations. In addition there are 10 agricultural chemical sta- 
tions maintained by societies which are in reality laboratories for 
analysis and control. Norwa} r has 12 stations, including several con- 
trol stations, all of which, with one or two exceptions, are under the 
direct control of the Department of Agriculture, and Denmark has 10 
stations, several of which are among the most liberally supported of 
the European stations. 

In Japan there are 58, including 3 branch stations and 39 prefecto- 
rial stations; in Switzerland a system of 11 stations, all under the 
control of the Department of Agriculture, except 1 for brewing, and 
in Spain 8 stations, 5 of which are etiological and viticultural and 
1 for sericulture. 

These comprise the principal countries in which experiment stations 
and similar agencies are most active, with the exception of Canada and 



26 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

the United States. The full list, however, includes Algeria, Argen- 
tina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Brazil, Cuba, Egypt, Java, 
Portugal, Roumania, and many minor countries and dependencies. 
A comparison of foreign and American experiment stations makes it 

apparent that the latter represent a distinct class of institutions, which 
are the product of their environment. The exact prototypes or coun- 
terparts of the American stations are not found in any other country, 
either in scope, organization, and management, or in relation to the 
farming community and the promotion of agriculture in general. The 
American station is an adaptation of the European station to the con- 
ditions and requirements of this country, and thus presents many 
unique features. 

The various agencies for agricultural experimentation and researcn 
in foreign countries maj^ be classified in a general way under six 
heads: (1) Experiment stations proper; (2) special stations for partic- 
ular crops or agricultural industries; (3) control stations and agricul- 
tural laboratories; (i) botanic stations and gardens; (5) experiment 
farms and demonstration fields, and (6) agencies for local or cooperative 
experiments. 

Among those of the first class there are but few wtiich correspond to 
the American stations in the breadth of their work and in their organi- 
zation. To a large extent these stations have developed in the direction 
of some particular branch of agriculture, as agronomy, animal produc- 
tion, or dairying, although their field of operations is broader than that 
of the special stations. As a rule they are dominated by the influence 
of a single man, who is usually the director, and their energies are bent 
toward the development of his theories of plant nutrition, or some 
phase of animal nutrition, or the like. With a few notable exceptions 
the individual stations do not each embrace strong departments in 
plant production, the feeding of animals, injurious insects and diseases, 
with experts in these several lines. Indeed, where these different 
branches are found working side by side they are usually broken up 
into as many separate stations, each with its own director. This is 
partly a matter of finances and largely of custom. The union of a 
number of departments in a single station seems opposed to the ruling 
system in Europe, and certainly, as far as advanced work goes, the 
European plan has much to commend it. 

The special stations are devoted to such subjects as tobacco, tlax, 
and cotton culture, moor culture, forestry, viticulture, wine making, 
brewing and distilling industries, milling, sugar and starch industries, 
indigo, sericulture, butter and cheese making, etc. A number of these 
special stations are found in Austria. France, Germany, Italy, Russia, 
Spain, and Switzerland. In some cases they are partially supported 
by Government appropriations, while in others they are entirely under 
the control and maintenance of local organizations. 



INTRODUCTION. 27 

The work of the control stations is generally understood. Many 
of these undertake no investigations, but confine themselves to the 
examination of fertilizers, seeds, feeding stuffs, etc. The agricultural 
laboratories differ from the control stations in being established pri- 
marily for the convenience of farmers who desire analyses made. They 
frequently have no regular control duties. Systems of such agricul- 
tural laboratories are maintained in Belgium, France, Italy, and 
Sweden. 

The botanic stations and gardens, while frequently not established 
for the direct benefit of agriculture, render considerable incidental 
aid in the introduction and acclimatization of plants, distribution of 
seeds, etc., and a considerable number of them have experimental 
fields connected with them, so that they have developed into stations 
comparable with many of the experiment stations. In Great Britain 
and France the botanic gardens constitute one of the features of the 
experiment station system. The Royal Gardens at Kew, London, 
have connected or in cooperation with them a system of 106 botanic 
gardens and stations distributed through Great Britain and its colo- 
nies. In a similar way there are affiliated with the Colonial Garden 
at Vincennes, France, a system of 15 gardens and stations located in 
the various French dependencies. In many instances these gardens 
and stations constitute the only agencies which have been provided in 
the newer countries, and their work is varied and of considerable 
importance to agricultural development. 

Experiment farms and demonstration fields are numerous in Aus- 
tralia, New Zealand, India, the Netherlands, and Russia. In a number 
of countries where the station movement is new these farms and fields 
represent the initial step in agricultural experimentation. For 
instance, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Brazil, Bulgaria, and Para- 
guay, a beginning has been made by the establishment of a few 
experimental farms or fields, which for the most part are for the pur- 
pose of conducting cultural and demonstration experiments. 
. Among the agencies for local and cooperative experiments various 
agricultural societies and organizations are prominent which, through 
their efforts alone or with the assistance of Government funds, provide 
for local trials or cooperative experiments of a simple order. Many 
such experiments are carried on by agricultural and horticultural 
societies in the Netherlands, by the county councils in England, and by 
the Department of Agriculture in Ireland. 

The most extensive scries of cooperative experiments of which 
record has been found — and they do not belong to the class mentioned 
above — are those in feeding dairy cows in Denmark, which were begun 
by Prof. N. J. Fjord in 1872 and are still being carried on b} T the labor- 
atory of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College at Copenhagen. 
The same institution also has charge of the butter exhibitions, which 



28 EXPERIMENT STATIONS I\ FOREIGN COUNTRIES, 

in a sense are cooperative. These exhibitions entail an annual expend- 
iture of about $10,700, but they have been instrumental in improving 
the average quality of the butter and developing a large export trade. 

The systems of management and sources of revenue of the foreign 
stations present a great variety of conditions. In the majority of the 
countries there is a central directing or supervising agency by which 
the Government funds are administered. This system of central control 
prevails to a considerable extent in Austria. Belgium, Bosnia and Her- 
zegovina, British West Indies, France. Hungary, Norway. Sweden, and 
Switzerland. In these countries the administrative agencies are the 
state departments or ministries of agriculture. In parts of Australia, 
notably in New South "Wales and in New Zealand, this system also 
prevails. In Denmark the Government directs many of the agencies 
for the promotion of agriculture through the Royal Danish Agricul- 
tural Society. In Holland the stations are under the general manage- 
ment of a committee appointed by the Crown, and in Russia the sta- 
tions are partly under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Domains. In Great Britain there can not be said to be any cen- 
tralizing authority further than that exerted by the Board of Agri- 
culture, which distributes grants, and the Royal Gardens at Kew. In 
Germany there is no central authority for the stations in the whole 
empire. The Prussian stations are affiliated with the Ministry of 
Agriculture, Domains, and Forestry, but there can not be said to 
exist in Germany any central administrative authority in the sense in 
which there is in France. Belgium, Hungary, and other countries. 

Taken as a whole, the foreign experiment stations are working in the 
main independently of one another, there being very little cooperation 
between the stations of any country or with the central department of 
agriculture. Such cooperation, which is becoming more extensive in 
this country each year, ma3 T be regarded as one of the characteristic 
features of the American system. 

The information obtained regarding the revenue of the foreign 
stations is quite fragmentary. A large number of the stations have 
no tixed or separate revenue. Many of them are operated in con- 
nection with other institutions, while others are maintained jointly by 
government and local appropriations, together w r ith fees for analysis, 
some agricultural society supplying any deficit which may occur. In 
most of the control stations and laboratories small fees are charged, 
and in many cases these constitute quite a large proportion of the 
revenue of the station. 

In a large number of instances the total income reported amounts 
to only a few hundred dollars, but in such cases the .station or labora- 
tory is usually connected with some other institution which probably 
pays the salaries of the employees. On the other hand some of the 
more liberal incomes reported include the funds available for the use 
of both the station and the college with which it is connected. This 



INTRODUCTION. 29 

is notably true in Great Britain, Australia, and Canada. However, 
the Central Experimental Farm in Canada is an exception, and it has 
an income of over $40,000 a year. 

The Austrian stations are, as a rule, quite liberally supported, the 
Vienna Station receiving over $28,500 in 1902, and the forestry insti- 
tute at Mariabrunn $15,000. The average income of the Austrian 
stations is about $1,800. In Denmark the average income of the 
stations is over $11,000. The three moor stations of that country 
have a total income of over $100,000. The moor station at Bremen, 
Germany, received nearly $18,000 in 1902, and the Swedish Moor 
Association Station nearly $13,500. 

The French system of stations includes many small, poorly financed 
laboratories, and the average income is thus cut down to less than 
$2,000. The largest income, $8,975, is that for the Laboratory for 
Technical Tests, at Marseille. The condition of the German stations 
is much better financially, the average income for the stations report- 
ing their receipts being over $10,000. The Institute for Fermentation 
Industries and Starch Manufacture, Berlin, received over $228,000 in 
1902, the Leipzig Agricultural Institute over $20,000 in 1902, the 
Halle Station over $33,000 in 1903, the Minister Station over $22,000, 
the Kiel Station nearly $22,000, and the Darmstadt Station over 
$19,000. 

The average income of the Hungarian stations is a little over $4,000, 
with a maximum of $11,800; of the stations in India, $5,600; in Italy, 
$3,700, and in Japan, $7,000. The budget of the central station near 
Tokyo and its three branches, for the fiscal year 1904, is nearly $92,000. 
The stations in Java have liberal funds, the east and west Java sugar 
stations receiving $26,000 and $24,000, respectively, and the indigo 
station $6,566. The average income of the stations in Norway is but 
little over $2,000; of those in Sweden, a little over $3,000; of those 
in Russia, a little over $2,000. Sweden has a seed breeding laboratory 
which receives $14,000 a year, and Russia a silk culture station with 
an annual income of over $23,000. The income of eight of the Swiss 
stations averages about $8,000. 

While a number of the foreign stations receive as high as $15,000 a 
year from various sources, an income of over $5,000 a year is rather 
the exception than the rule for these stations, and there are large 
numbers whose incomes amount to only $2,000 or $3,000. These sta- 
tions, how ever, are usually at no expense for buildings or for printing, 
the publication of their work in periodicals often being a small source 
of revenue, and as their fields are quite restricted in area the expense 
for labor is reduced to a minimum. By the exercise of rigid economy 
and by confining their efforts to a few specific lines of work many of 
these stations have accomplished a surprising amount of high-grade 
work, which has contributed materially to the general sum of human 
knowledge in the field of agricultural science. 



AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN 
FOREIGN COUNTRIES." 



ALGERIA. 

Agricultural and Enological Station, Algiers. 

Station staff. — J. Dugast, Di/r.; two assistants; a laboratory helper. 

Origin. — Founded in 1889. The enological laboratory was added 
in 1896. 

Equipiitriit. — An analytical and research laboratory, an enological 
laboratory with fermentation room, experimental field, and experi- 
mental cellar. 

Income,— For 1900, $3,338.90 (State, $1,273.80; department, 
$2,065.10). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, feeding stuffs, etc.; 
research work in connection with the production of grapes and olives. 

Botanic Experiment Station, Rouiba. 

Station staff. — Dr. L. Trabut, Dir. and Govt. Bot. 

Origin. — The experimental work has developed gradually from 
Doctor Trabut's work in charge of the Government Botanic Garden. 

Equipment. — Botanic garden, farm buildings, and experiment fields 
containing 39 acres. 

Income. — The State makes small appropriations for the botanic 
garden, but no provision for seed and plant introduction or experi- 
mental work, the former being accomplished by exchange, the latter 
through Doctor Trabut's personal efforts. 

Lines of work. — Trials with native and introduced fruits, including 
plums, strawberries, apricots, olives, figs, loquats, and oranges; experi- 
ments with garden vegetables; testing and distributing native and 
introduced forage plants, especially legumes and drought and alkali- 
resisting plants; experiments with varieties of wheat and with agaves 
and opuntias for the purpose of utilizing waste land; tobacco culture; 
vine growing. 

" This list includes agricultural experiment stations and other institutions in con- 
nection with which investigations relating to agriculture are conducted. 

31 



32 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IX FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Garden, Setif. 

Staff- Ryf, Mgr. 

Origin. —Mr. Ryf maintains and controls the trial grounds, and a 
local society, the Geneva Agricultural and Viticultural Society, coop- 
erates in the work to the extent of publishing reports. Other similar 
gardens, some of them entirely maintained by local agricultural and 
viticultural societies, have been established at Clemsen (G. Soiptur), 
Oran (Vermail. Agr. of Dept.), Batria (John Wild), Constantine 
(Paul Pousselot, Agr. ofDept.), and other places in Algeria. 

Lines of work. — Demonstration experiments in the culture of 
alfalfa, sulla, and varieties of wheat; investigation of agricultural 
problems for semiarid regions. Mr. Ryf is conducting a very prom- 
ising experiment with an alfalfa and wheat rotation in which cultiva- 
tion during a part of each year is an important factor. 

ARGENTINA. 

Office of Agronomy and Animal Husbandry, La Plata. 

Governing hoard. — Ministr} 7 of Public Works. 

Station staff. —Ramon Pieres, Dir.; Carlos Lemee, Sec; Dr. 

Carlos Spegazzini, Bot.; Juan A. Ortiz, lint.; Ricardo J. Davel, 
CIkiu.; Julio J. Bolla, Lab. Asst.; Manual V. Casal, Bad.; Pedro 
J. Issouribehere, Traveling Imp.; Damian del Castillo, Supt. Bara- 
dero Agr. Sta.; Juan Ramon Chaves, Supt. Chwilcoy Agr. Sta. 

Origin. — Established in accordance with the provisions of the law 
of September 15, L892. 

Lines of work.— Analysis of soils, waters, feeding stuffs, fertilizers, 
etc.; stud}- and classification of wild pasture grasses and cultivated 
plants; study of diseases of plants and domestic animals and of means 
for combating them; destruction of noxious insects and propagation 
of useful insects. Outlying stations are maintained at Baradero and 
Chivilcoy, where meteorological records are kept and held experiments 
conducted. 

AUSTRALIA. 
NEW SOUTH WALES. 

The New South Wales Department of Mines and Agriculture, Sydney. 

Hon. John Kidd, Sec. of Min. and Agr.; E. F. Pittman, Under Sec. 
<>/ Mln. a in! Agr.; experts in the different branches of agriculture. 

The New South Wales Department of Mines and Agriculture was 
organized in L890 and has its headquarters in Sydney, where well- 
equipped laboratories are provided for the use of members of the stall'. 
As an administrative body it has the management of the Hawkesbury 
Agricultural ( lollege and Experimental Farm at Richmond and theagri- 



AUSTRALIA. 33 

cultural schools and experimental farms located in different parts of the 
colony. A staff of experts and inspectors and their assistants, com- 
prising- at present about 30 members, are engaged in research, control, 
and editorial work. The principal lines of research conducted at S}^d- 
ney are in chemistry, bacteriology, vegetable pathology, entomology, 
viticulture, dairying, and fruit culture. The experts and inspectors 
also visit all parts of the colony, giving instruction, investigating the 
work of the institutions under their control, and enforcing inspection 
laws. The department and its farms are maintained by an annual vote 
of Parliament, which is generally about $219,000 per annum. The 
department subsidizes agricultural societies and offers prizes for the 
manufacture of butter. For the dissemination of information among 
the agriculturists of the colony the department publishes the Agricul- 
tural Gazette, a monthly farm journal which is issued free of cost to 
the agricultural societies of the colony and to any farmer having 4 
acres under cultivation who makes application to the department. 
Reprints in pamphlet form of the articles of special interest are dis- 
tributed freel}' among the farmers. 

The Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Richmond. 

Governing board. — Department of Mines and Agriculture. 

Station staff. — H. W. Potts, Prin.; C. Potts, Led. in Chem. and 
Phys.; C. T. Musson, Engl, and Sci. Master; S. C. Pottie, Led. in 
Vet. Sci.; A. Hawkesworth, Sheep and Wool Expert; D. S. Thomp- 
son, Poult nj Expert and Apiarist; George Cobb, Farm Form.; P. H. 
Suter, J)ai?y Instr.; J. Alforcl, Orch.; S. F. Adams, Beg.; G. L. 
Sutton, Expt.; a number of assistants and other officers. 

Origin. — The college was opened in 1891, and experiments were 
begun the same year. Separate accounts are kept of the cost of 
instruction and of experimental work. 

Equipment. — Chemical building containing two laboratories, bal- 
ance room, and office; other laboratories in the main college building; 
about 500 sheep and other farm animals; a farm of 3,5<K> acres, 1,100 
acres of which are under cultivation, and about 200 acres in experi- 
mental plats; a vineyard of 8 acres, and an orchard. 

Income. — Annual grants of about $35,000 from the Department of 
Mines and Agriculture; receipts from students' fees and from the sale 
of farm products of about $19,000. 

Lines of work. — Cultural and manurial experiments with cereals, 
forage crops, root crops, fiber plants, and garden vegetables; varietj- 
tests and other experiments with grapes, oranges, peaches, and other 
fruits; dairy, poultry, and bacteriological investigations, and stock 
feeding. Special attention is given to macaroni wheats and to the 
developing of new varieties of wheat in the hope of obtaining a good 
5368— No. 112—04 3 



34 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

milling variety thai will be highly rust resistant. The college dis- 
tributes seeds and fodder plants among the farmers of the colony. 

State Farms. 
Wagga Experimental Farm, Wagga-Wagga. 

G. M. McKeown, Mgr., Egypt.; Stuart A. Hogg, Orch.; L. McDon- 
ald, Reg. 

This farm was established in 1892 and consists of 3,300 acres, of 
which 1,100 acres are under cultivation. Substantial farm buildings 
and students 1 quarters have been erected and an orchard of 82 acres 
set out which contains about 2,000 varieties of fruit, including apples, 
pears, apricots, peaches, figs, raisins, grapes, and currants. The farm 
supports about 1,000 sheep, 47 horses, 64 cattle, 30 pigs, and a large 
number of fowls. It is practically self-supporting. The lines of work 
include experiments in the cultivation of wheat and other cereals, 
experiments with manures and various methods of culture, chemical 
and bacteriological investigations, experiments in developing new 
wheats with better milling qualities and with greater resistance to rust 
and drought, tests of fodders and grasses and of many kinds of fruits, 
experiments in diying and canning fruit and in the manufacture of 
olive oil, and practical instruction to students in the various branches 
of farm work. 

Experimental Farm, Bathurst. 

Governing hoard. — The manager (Mr. R. \Y. Peacock), under the 
direction of the Minister of Mines and Agriculture. 

Station staff. — R. W. Peacock, Mgr.; G. Marks, Expt.; E. K. 
Wolstenholme. Orch. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the government of New South Wales. 

Equipment. — Farm of 614 acres, of which about 400 acres are under 
cultivation and 30 acres in orchard; farm buildings. 

Income.— For 1901-2, $6,114.35 (students' fees, $577.90; farm sales, 
$5,536.45). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in method of culture; tests of various 
field crops, fodders, and fruits; development of new drought- resisting 
wheats, and the improvement of the soil by grazing, principally with 
sheep. Instruction in farming is given to about 15 resident students. 

Experimental Farm, Wollongbar. 

Station staff. — C. II. Gorman, Mgr.; I. I. Kinross, Dairy Tnstr. 

The farm has an area of 263i acres and is t} r pical of the " Big 
Scrub'' country of the Richmond River. It is located 8 miles from 
the important town of Lismore, which is the distributing center of the 
most important dairying district of the State. Students are taken for 



AUSTRALIA. 35 

yearly courses in practical work only. The principal work of the 
institution is dairying, stock raising, and the cultivation of tropical 
and subtropical products and fodder crops. 

Irrigation Experimental Field, Pera Bore. 

, Mgr. 

This farm has been located in one of the dry western districts to 
demonstrate the value of irrigation by means of artesian wells. The 
principal experiments are with fodders, vegetables, and fruits. 

Experimental Farm, Coolabah. 

R. W. Peacock, Mgr. 

The Coolabah farm was established in 1898 to investigate means for 
reclaiming western barrens, and the principal experiments conducted 
have been with drought-resisting cereals, grasses, and indigenous fod- 
der plants. 

Dairy Stud Farm, Berry. 

Established in 1900 to promote dairy farming, cattle breeding, rear- 
ing, and management, and to give instruction to students along these 
lines. 

Belindigarbar Experimental Farm, Grafton. 

J. A. Bulkeley, Mgr. 

This farm was established in the autumn of 1901, and comprises an 
area of 2,069 acres, located 6 miles from Grafton. Experiments 
with grasses and other forage crops have been undertaken with a view 
of establishing the dairy industry on the north coast, and an effort 
will be made to introduce mutton growing by breeding up a strain of 
sheep that will be immuue to prevalent diseases, such as foot rot and 
flukes. 

Viticultural Station, Howlong. 

Station staff. — In charge of M. Blunno, Vit. Expert of the Dept. of 
Agr. 

Origin. — Established in 1901 by the Department of Mines and Agri- 
culture. 

Equipment. — Vineyard of 30 acres. 

Income. — Supported \>y the Department of Mines and Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Propagation, cultivation, and distribution of phyl- 
loxera-resistant vines. 

Irrigation Farm, Moree. 

B. L. Thompson, Mgr. 

Established in 1900 under the supervision of W. S. Campbell. The 
farm consists of 250 acres. Of the 50 acres under cultivation, 4 acres 



36 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

have been planted to orchards. The lines of work include the grow- 
ing of fruits, nuts, cereals, and forage crops under irrigation from 
wells. 

Botanic Gardens and Domains, Sydney." 

(in,-, rning board. — The director is responsible to the chief secretary 
of New South Wales. 

Staff. — J. H. Maiden, Dir. and Govt. Bot.; G. Harwood, Supt. 
Bot. Gard.; E. Betche, Asst. Bot.; Miss S. Hynes, Asst. Bot.; J. 
Jones, Overseer of Domains; J. H. Camfield, Overseer Garden P«i 'ace 
(i rounds; W. Forsyth, Overseer Centennial Park; J. McEwen, Supi. 
State Nurst ry (Campbelltown). Fifty-two gardeners; 26 laborers: 4 
artisans; 6 rangers; 13 clerks; messengers, etc. 

In his capacity as government botanist the director is adviser to the 
Department of Agriculture and to the Forest Department. 

Origin. — The Domains have been a public reserve almost since the 
foundation of New South Wales in 1788; a garden was set apart for 
the use of the settlement and for the requirements of the governor 
before 1800; an officer was formally appointed colonial botanist and 
superintendent of botanical gardens in 1828. The Centennial Park 
was established in 1888 to commemorate the centenarv of the colony. 

Equipment. — Botanic Gardens, 45 acres; Domains, 125 acres; Gar- 
den Palace Grounds, 21 acres; Centennial Park, 823 acres; State Nur- 
sery, 20 acres. The Botanic Gardens contain a handsome building for 
administrative offices, for herbarium, library, museum, seed rooms, 
etc., which cost about $18,665; also 7 hothouses and the usual appli- 
ances for carrying on the work of a first-class botanic garden. The 
Domains and Centennial Park are public parks, and in the State Nur- 
sery plants are propagated for the Botanic Gardens and also for dis- 
tribution to public bodies throughout the State. The Garden Palace 
Grounds form an integral portion of the Botanic Gardens, although 
the arrangement of them is more on the lines of a public park, and 
the plants arc, as a rule, not labeled. 

Income. Entirely supported by the State. In 1901-2 the Botanic 
( iardens received $40,718; Domains. $15,694; Garden Palace Grounds. 
$6,623; Centennial Park, $22,220; State Nursery, $4,745; total. 
$90,1 100. 

Lines of work. — Introduction of useful and ornamental plants and 
experimental investigations. In the National Herbarium especial 
attention is given to the Australian flora, although exotic plants are 
very creditably represented. Exchanges are conducted with a large 
number of institutions in various parts of the world. The director is 
at present engaged on a critical revision of the national genus Euca- 
lyptus and in the preparation of an illustrated forest flora of New 
South Wales. 



"Includes Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium; Domains; Centennial Park, 



AUSTRALIA. 37 

Technological Museum, Sydney." 

Governing hoard. — Under the administration of the Department of 
Public Instruction. 

Staff. — R. T. Baker, Our. and Econ. Bid.; H. G. Smith, Organ. 
Ohem.; S. J. Johnston, Econ. Zool.; W. Bauerlen, Bot. Collector. 

Origin. — Founded in 1880 as a branch of the Australian Museum. 

Equipment. — Three well-equipped laboratories (botanical, chemical, 
and zoological) besides the large museum, with a floor space of about 
9,000 square feet on each of five floors, and consisting of commercial 
exhibits of the vegetable, mineral, and animal kingdoms. 

Income.— For 1902, $15,937.80. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the natural resources of the vege- 
table, mineral, and animal kingdoms of the State of New South Wales. 

QUEENSLAND. 
The Queensland Department of Agriculture, Brisbane. 

YV. Chas. Green, Sec. of Agi\; Ernest G. E. Scriven, Under Sec. of 
Agr.; P. McLean, Agr. Adviser. 

The Queensland Department of Agriculture, which was organized 
in 1887 and made a separate administrative department in 1896, has 
direct control of the Queensland Agricultural College, of the Botanic 
Gardens at Brisbane, and of the seven State experimental farms. It 
is charged with the dissemination of information likely to be of value 
to the farmers of the colony, and for this purpose publishes the 
Queensland Agricultural Journal, which "is issued gratis to persons 
whose main sources of income are from pastoral, agricultural, or horti- 
cultural pursuits." The department subsidizes agricultural societies, 
and also offers certain departmental prizes on agricultural products, 
the prizes being awarded at shows of the societies. The departmental 
staff of experts and inspectors, comprising about 15 members, is engaged 
in agricultural research work; the inspection of fruit, live stock, etc., 
in different parts of the colony, and the instruction of farmers on their 
plantations. Annual conferences of farmers, at which the depart- 
mental experts are in attendance, are convened by the Department of 
Agriculture, and reports of the proceedings of these conferences are 
published. 

Botanic Gardens, Brisbane. « 

Governing hoard. — Under control of the Minister of Agriculture. 

Stoff.—Yh\\vp MacMahon, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded by the State in 1828. 

Income. — A parliamentary vote averaging $11,193 per annum. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



38 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — The collection of plants of interest horticulturally 
and botanically, the dissemination of information in economic botany, 
horticulture, and forestry, and the maintenance of the gardens as a 
place of public resort and an object lesson in the above. The collec- 
tion of tropical plants is very extensive and of great interest. 

Acclimatization Society, Brisbane. « 

Governing hoard. — Governed by a council of 15 members, elected by 
the societ} r . 

Staff. — Edw. Grimley, Sec.; J.Mitchell, Oversee?'. 

Origin. — Founded August 14, 1882, mainly by L. A. Bernays, the 
first secretary. 

Equipment. — Seventeen acres of land at Bowen Park, Brisbane; 3 
glass houses. 

Income.— 1901-2, 10,830. 

Lines of work. — Originally the acclimatization of animals and plants; 
now the acclimatization and improvement of plants only. 

Botanic Department, Brisbane. « 

F. M. Bailey, Colonial Bot. 

Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations, Bundaberg. 

Staff. — Walter Maxwell, Dir.; Arthur J. Gibson, First Asst. 
(In in.; J. C. Penny, Chem. Insp. of Sugar Mills. 

The Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations is a bureau of the Queens- 
land Department of Agriculture, organized November 1, 1900, in 
accordance with the provisions of "The Sugar Experiment Stations 
Act of 1900." Laboratories for analytical chemical work and the 
other technical operations of the bureau have been erected at Bunda- 
berg, the headquarters of the bureau. The work at this place con- 
sists of the analysis of soils, irrigation waters, fertilizers, sugar canes 
and their products, and other miscellaneous material. The income of 
the bureau for the year ended June 30, L903, was $26,125 (assessments 
received <>n cane crushed, $12,994.42; endowment from consolidated 
revenue, $12,994.42; miscellaneous, $136.16). 

The Central Experiment Station at Mackay has been placed under 
the control of the bureau, and at this place, in addition to the labo- 
ratory work, field experiments are conducted. A large part of the 
field work, however, is conducted at so-called substations, which in 
reality are experiments carried on in cooperation with farmers. At 
the present time there are fourteen such substations. 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



AUSTRALIA. 39 

Agricultural College and Experiment Farm, Gatton. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station stuff.— 3. Mahon, Prin.; P. M. Pitt, Sec. and Lihr. ; F. H. 
Gurney, Chem. and Set. Master; D. Macpherson, Farm Form.; C. 
McGrath, Supt. of Dairy; A. Watt, Chief Steward. 

Origin. — Opened in 1897 and equipped at a total cost to date of 
about $160,000 for farm, buildings, and improvements. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory and other college buildings, and 
farm of 1,692 acres. 

Income. — Annual grants from the Department of Agriculture 
amounting to about $29,200 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, manures, and feeding stuffs; field 
experiments with grasses, clovers, and wheat; special experiments in 
the cultivation of tobacco and other crops, and in utilizing barnyard 
manure. Quite extensive variety tests with wheat and potatoes, and 
cross-fertilization experiments with wheat have been undertaken. 

State Farms. 
Biggenden Farm, Biggenden, Burnett District. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Minister of Agriculture. 

Staff.— G. B. Brooks, Mgr. 

Origin.— Established in 1899 at a cost of $7,580. 

Equipment.— Residence, stables, piggeries, implement and hay 
sheds, meteorological apparatus, apiary, farm of about 100 acres. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $1,688.15. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments in the growth of cereals, root 
crops, and grasses; vineyard and orchard work. 

Kamerunga State Nursery, Cairns. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Minister of Agriculture. 

Staff. — Howard Newport, Instr. in Coffee Culture, Mgr.; J. G. 
Malcolm, Overseer. 

Origin. — Founded in 1888. 

Equipment. — Greenhouses (one provided with vegetation pots); 
steam pump and irrigation plant; office buildings; potting houses, 
etc. ; farm of 316 acres, of which 15 acres are devoted to experiments. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $3,181.71 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Acclimatization, propagation, and distribution of 
economic tropical plants, etc. Experiments in utilization of indigenous 
economic products. Special experiments with rubbers, spices, fibers, 
food stuffs, fodders, tropical fruits and vegetables, oils, etc. 



■10 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Gindie Farm, Central District. 

R. Jarrott, Mgr. 

Established in February, L898, at a cost of $13,650 for the first two 
years; farm of 8,000 acres, farm buildings, and machinery; sheep and 
stock raising and experiments with wheat and other cereals. In 
1902-3 the income amounted to $2,413. 

Hermitage Farm, Warwick, Darling Downs District. 

Govern ing hoard. — Under the control of the Minister of Agriculture. 

Staff.— H. C. Quodling, Mgr. 

Origin. -Established in March, L897. 

Equipment. — Farm of 440 acres, of which 22 acres are devoted to 
orchard and vineyard. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $1,247.45. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with orchard fruits to test the com- 
mercial value of different varieties; similar experiments with grapes; 
breeding experiments with wheat; field tests of approved types of 
wheat, and propagation of the same for supply of pure seed; experi- 
ments with fertilizers for wheat; tests of varieties of farm and garden 
seeds; growing of fodder plants and grasses. 

Central Experiment Station, Mackay. 

H. T. Easterby, Asst. Dir. in Charge. 

First established in 1888 as a nursery for growing tropical fruits, but 
recently converted into a sugar experiment station and placed under 
the control of the newly established Bureau of Sugar Experiment Sta- 
tions. The equipment includes a well-equipped chemical laboratory 
and farm of 20 acres, which have cost the department about $42,000 
and have } r ielded about $2,000. The principal lines of work are test- 
ing and distributing among planters new varieties of sugar cane and 
sorghum, and such tropical fruits as pineapples, oranges, and grapes, 
and other tropical productions. An agricultural school is conducted 
at the Mackay institution. 

"Westbrook Farm, Westbrook, Darling Downs District. 

Staff. — C. Ross, Mgr.; four assistants. 
Origin. — Established in March, 1897. 
Income.— For 1902-3, $4,091.47. 

Lines of work.. — Experiments with cereals and root crops and feed- 
ing experiments for dairy purposes. 



AUSTRALIA. 41 

Acclimatization Society's Gardens, Rockhampton. « 
J. S. Edgar, Supt. 

SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
The South Australia Agricultural Bureau, Adelaide. 

R. Butler, Minis, of Agr.; A. J. Perkins, Sec. Agr. and Editor 
Journal of Agriculture; W. L. Summers, Subeditor and Tnsp. of 
Fert.; G. Quinn, J fort. Instr. 

The bureau was established in 1888 and consists of more than 100 
branch bureaus situated in different parts of tbe country, through which 
much of the experimental work is carried on. The Minister of Agri- 
culture issues annual reports, and the bureau publishes the Journal of 
Agriculfaire, a monthly farm journal, which is distributed gratis to 
members of branch bureaus. The bureau is engaged in promoting 
the improvement of agricultural operations by bringing together for 
purposes of discussion leading agriculturists in different districts. 
Among other lines of work undertaken by the bureau may be men- 
tioned the introduction of improved varieties of wheat and other 
cereals and of pure-bred stock; investigations in dairying, irrigation, 
horticulture, and viticulture; and attempts to lessen the ravages of 
fungus diseases and of animal pests, such as rabbits, foxes, sparrows, 
and starlings. 

Botanic Garden, Adelaide. « 

Maurice Holtze, Dir. 

Botanic Garden, Port Darwin. « 

Nicholas Holtze, Our. 

Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Roseworthy. 

Governing hoard. — Under the direct control of the Minister of 
Agriculture. 

Station staff. , Prin.; and the scientific members 

of the Agricultural Bureau. 

Origin. — Founded in 1883. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, college buildings, wine cellars, farm 
buildings, and farm of about 1,600 acres. 

Income. — Government grant for salaries, equipment, etc. (1902-3), 
$16,731. The farm is more than self-sustaining, the profits in 1901 
amounting to $6,432. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests of wheat, experiments with various 
manures and with green crops for feeding, rotation experiments, hor- 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



42 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN EOKEIGN COUNTBIES. 

ticultural and viticultural work. But little purely experimental work 
is attempted. 

TASMANIA. 
Tasmania Department of Agriculture, Hobart. 

George T. Collins, Minis, of Agr.; T. A. Tabart, Sec. and Chief 
I nsp.; L. A. Evans, Asst. Sec; T. Hogarth, Editor of the Agricul- 
tural GazetU and Journal; a council of eleven members and a scien- 
tific staff'. 

The Tasmania Department of Agriculture, with headquarters in 
Hobart, has general supervision of the agricultural interests in the 
island. The members of the scientific staff are engaged in scientific 
agricultural investigations, the analysis and inspection of various fer- 
tilizers and agricultural products, the repression of noxious weeds, 
animals, and insects, and the giving of instruction at meetings of farmers 
in various parts of the island. They give demonstrations at agricul- 
tural shows and conduct experiments throughout the island in coopera- 
tion with local associations affiliated with the department and known 
as "branch boards." The department publishes the Agricultural 
Gazette and Journal once a month, and sends it free to all members of 
"branch boards" and to libraries and chambers of commerce. 

Botanic Gardens, Hobart." 

F. Abbott, Supt. 

VICTORIA. 
The Department of Agriculture of Victoria, Melbourne. 

Hon. John Morrissey, -Minis, of Agr.; E. G. Duff'us, Sec. of Agr. 

The Department of Agriculture employs a staff of about twelve 
experts engaged in making investigations and giving instructions 
throughout the colon} r in the various branches of agricultural indus- 
try, and, in addition, it controls the School of Horticulture at Burnley 
and the Viticultural College at Rutherglen, at both of which places 
limited experiments are conducted. The department also conducts 
cooperative experiments in many localities, subsidizes agricultural 
societies, issues occasional bulletins to agricultural producers, and 
publishes a monthly journal — the Jour mil of Agriculture. 

Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Dookie. 

Governing hoard. — Council of Agricultural Education, consisting of 
eleven members, W. J. Lobb, Pres.; E. G. Duff'us, Sec. and Treas. 
and Sec. of Agr. The college endowment lands, about 170,000 acres, 
are under the control of three trustees— Hon. F. T. Derham, Hon. 

"S.c Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



AUSTEALIA. 43 

J. F. Levien, and Charles Yeo. The appointment of the principal and 
staff is subject to the approval of the Minister of Agriculture. 

Staff. — Hugh Pye, Prin. cmd Dir., assisted by resident lecturers in 
science, English, mathematics, agriculture, viticulture, dairying, vet- 
erinary science, and farm management; also a number of instructors 
and other officers. 

Origin. — Opened for students in 1886. 

Equipment. — College buildings, lecture halls, chemical laboratory, 
modern wine cellars, well-equipped dairy, piggeries, stables, barns, 
etc. ; farm of 4,486 acres, including a vineyard of 40 acres and an orchard 
of 25 acres; about 50 horses, 1,500 sheep of various breeds, 150 head 
of cattle, and a number of pigs and poultry. 

Income. — Rents received from the endowment lands, receipts from 
students' fees, sale of farm products and timber. The total expendi- 
tures for college and farm are about $29,200 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with wheat and other cereals, grasses 
and fodder plants, both on a commercial and a smaller scale; manurial 
experiments; experiments in feeding* stock; study of pure cultures in 
wine making and dairying; a limited time devoted to experiments with 
scent plants, olives, drying and preserving fruit. Considerable atten- 
tion is given to the breeding of new wheats. An area of about 400 
acres is annually devoted to cereals and fodder plants. 

National Herbarium, Melbourne." 

J. G. Luehmann, Cur. 

Botanic Gardens, Melbourne." 

W. R. Guilfoyle, Dir. 

The Melbourne Botanic Gardens were started in 1846, under the 
curatorship of John Arthur, in a 5-acre field adjoining- the Government 
House grounds. They now include a botanic garden of 83 acres, a 
lake of 10 acres, the public domain, 156 acres, and the Government 
House grounds, 61 acres. The garden proper has upon it a residence 
for the director, an extensive range of plant houses, a palm house, a 
tea house, a laboratory, an herbarium, and other buildings. It includes 
collections of native and introduced trees and plants, both ornamental 
and economic. 

WESTERN AUSTRALIA. 
The Western Australia Department of Agriculture, Perth. 

Hon. Doctor Jameson, Minis, of Agr.; Alex. Crawford, Actg. Dir. 
of Agr.; W. B. Hooper, Chief Clerk; a staff of experts, inspectors, 
field officers, managers, and clerks. 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



44 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

The department was organized in L894, as a bureau of agriculture, 
with a board of six members. In 1898 it was made a department 
under the direct control of the Minister of Crown Lands. In 1902 the 
stock and rabbit departments and the agricultural bunk were united 
with the Department of Agriculture, and the whole placed under the 
control of a director of agriculture. The department has the admin- 
istration of the "'Insect Pests Amendment Act" (governing the impor- 
tation and distribution of all fruit and fruit trees and the supervision 
of all orchards and vineyards); the "Noxious Weed Act;' 1 the "Fer- 
tilizers and Feeding- Stuffs Act," and the "Contagious Disease Act;" 
and the control of all experimental work in agriculture. The experi- 
mental work has hitherto been confined to limited experiments at 
Drakesbrook, but is now being extended and experimental farms are 
being started at Northampton and Narrogin. The department pub- 
lishes monthly the Journal of the Department of Agriculture, which 
is distributed free to members of any agricultural or kindred society. 
The expenditures of the department during the fiscal year ended 
June 30, 1902, were $59,153.65. 

Experimental Farms. 

P. G. Wicken, Field Officer in charge of Fxpt. Farms. 
These farms are maintained by the Department of Agriculture for 
the purpose of conducting demonstration experiments. 

Experimental Farm, Chapman. 

This farm covers an area of 1,07-1 acres, of which 200 acres are under 
cultivation. Special attention is given to sheep breeding. 

Experimental Farm, Drakesbrook. 

The lines of work at this farm include experiments in the cross 
fertilization of wheat and other cereals, the seed of which is distributed 
among farmers. Cultural experiments are conducted with potatoes 
and forage crops. 

Experimental Farm, Hamel. 

G. F. Berthoud, Mgr. 

The lines of work at this farm include experiments in the cross 
fertilization of wheat and other cereals, the seed of which is distributed 
among farmers. Cultural experiments are conducted with potatoes 
and forage crops. 

Experimental Farm, Narrogin. 

A. Robinson, Mgr. 

This farm consists of 1,800 acres, of which 100 acres are under cul- 
tivation. The lines of work include experiments in growing wheat 
and other cereals and in poultiy management. 



AUSTRIA. 45 

AUSTRIA. 

Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture, Vienna. 

Baron de Giovanelli, Minis, of Agr.; Dr. Leonard Pielak, Minister 
without Portfolio; Dr. Ferdinand, Baron von Blunifeld, Chief of 
Section; Ernst Oser, Chief of Section. 

The Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture of Austria was organ- 
ized in 1868, and comprises two sections, which include the adminis- 
trative bureau and 10 departments. The ministry has general control 
of agricultural institutions throughout the Kingdom, and is engaged 
actively in the promotion of investigations in agronomy, zootechnj 7 , 
forestry, fish culture, and a wide range of other subjects; the subsi- 
dizing of educational institutions, experiment stations and agricultural 
societies, and the printing and distributing of reports and special 
papers. 

Department II (F. W. Dafert, Dir.) of the ministry is charged with 
the administration of agricultural and forestry educational institutions, 
including secondary schools, colleges, and special courses; the exami- 
nation and appointment of teachers for these schools, and for itinerant 
instruction; the establishment and subsidizing of nongovernmental 
institutions for instruction and research; the management of govern- 
mental experiment stations and of experimental work generally; the 
compilation of agricultural and forestry statistics; the promotion of 
flax culture and dairying. Reports of the work of all experiment 
stations and papers on various phases of agricultural research appear 
in the official publication of the ministry, Zeitschrift fur das lanckvirth- 
schaftliche Yersuchswes&n in Oesterreich. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the Province of "Vorarlberg, 

Bregenz. 

Governing hoard. — The Vorarlberg Agricultural Society. 

Station staff. — Dr. Wilhehn Eugling, Dir. and Expert in Anwrnl 
llu.dj.; Dr. Heinrich Brunnmayr, Asst.; W. von Klenze, Dr. Ballner, 
• Yolunteers; attendant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Vorarlberg Agricultural Society. 
At first the station was located at Tisis, whence it was removed in 1886 
to Feldkirch, and in 1896 to Bregenz. 

Equipment. — Experiment field, stable for three cows, orchard, and 
place for growing vine cuttings. The equipment is provided b} T Count 
Belrupt, chairman of the agricultural society. 

Income.— For 1900, $1,296.61 (Royal Imperial Ministry of Agricul- 
ture, $1,013; provincial committee, §202.60; fees, $81.04). 

Lines oftvork. — Dairy investigations; practical experiments in the 
management of meadows, alpine pastures, and turf lands; control of 
fertilizers and tolls; analysis of foods. 



4<5 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Experiment Station for Plant Culture, Briinn. 

Governing board. — Agricultural Council for the Margravate of 

Moravia. 

Station staff. — Johann J. Vafiha, Dir. and Agr.j Otto Kyas, Chem.; 
T. Bukovansky, Asst. Agr.; two laboratory assistants; copyist; gar- 
dener. 

Origin. — Established in 1899 by the Moravian Government. 

Equipment. — Agricultural, chemical, and botanical laboratories; 
vegetation house; experiment field. 

Income. — Total budget" for 1 ( ,K)2, $5,601. 18. The station receives 
$3,004.56 from the State and $40.52 from the Society of Austrian Malt 
Manufacturers, and about $190 for analytical work and from the sale 
of farm crops. 

Lines of work. — Promotion of agriculture through scientific research 
in plant production by means of pot and field experiments in the vege- 
tation house, the station experiment field, and on farms in other parts 
of Moravia; seed control; chemical investigation of fertilizers, feed- 
ing stuffs, and agricultural products in general; microscopic and 
bacteriological investigation of plant diseases. 

Chemical Laboratory, Chrudim. 

Prof. Joh. Trojan, Dir. 
Established in 1884. 

Seed Control Station of the State Agricultural Secondary School, 

Czernowitz. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Bukowina. 

Station staff. — Emil Baier, Dir. 

Origin. — Established by the province in 1897. 

Income. — In the budget of the Agricultural Secondary School an 
annual item of about $20 is included for seed testing. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of seeds and feeding stuffs. The director 
gives advice to those engaged in the seed trade or in seed production, 
and attempts by means of his investigations to improve the seeds pro- 
duced or handled in the country. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Control Station, Dublany, near 

Lemberg. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Galicia. 

Station staff. — J. M. Pomorski, Dir.; Adam Karpinski, Karol 

«The term "budget" as used in this bulletin refers to the total allowance for sta- 
tion expenses made in accordance with the official estimate of the officers in charge 
of station funds from any funds available for the use of the station. The budget for 
any particular year is not necessarily equal to the receipts for that year. 



AUSTRIA. 47 

Huppenthal, Zypmunt Chmielewski, Assts.; laboratory assistant; 
bookkeeper; two attendants. 

Origin. — Established in 1895 by the Province of Galicia. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, vegetation house with 800 pots, 10 experi- 
ment fields upon typical Galician soil in various parts of the province, 
each field containing- about 14 acres. 

Income. — Budget. $4,039.44. The station receives annually $405.20 
from the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and $3,330.34 from 
the Galician Government. The fees for analyses amount to about 
$1,000 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the fertility of Galician soils by 
means of systematically planned field and meadow experiments in 
various parts of the country; investigation of fertilizers and soils; con- 
trol of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; feeding experiments. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station of the Lower 
Austrian Agricultural, Horticultural, and Viticultural School, Feldsberg. 

Governing hoard. — Lower Austrian Provincial Council. 

Station staff. — Franz Kozeschnik, Dir. and Chem.; Vincenz Goh- 
lert, Seed Testing. Both are teachers in the school. 

Origin. — Founded in 1896. Before this time the chemist of the 
school had conducted gratuitous investigations with must, wine, fer- 
tilizers, and soils, and the increase of work led to the establishment of 
the station. The Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture in 1897 
appropriated $340 toward the establishment of the station, the province 
providing the necessary equipment. 

Equipmt nt. — Laboratories of the school. 

Income. — For 1900, $180.65 (Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture, 
$170.50; fees, $10.15). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds, chemical investiga- 
tions, and other research work which the rural industries in the 
vicinit}^ of Feldsberg demand. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Gorz. 

Governing board. — Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Franz Gvozdenovic, Dir.; Arthur Devarda, Adolf 
Beneschovsky, Assocs.; Dr. A. N. Papez, Asst.; one volunteer; one 
clerk; one cop} T ist; one attendant. 

Origin. — The station was founded in 1869 under the name of the 
Silk Culture Experiment Station. In 1877 the name was changed to 
the Silk and Grape Culture Experiment Station. Since 1890 it has 
been known as the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station. 

Equip i mnt. — The station includes divisions for agriculture, grape 
and wine production, study of plant diseases, and the rearing of silk- 
worms. 



48 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. — Total budget, $6,078; fees for analyses, about $810. 

Lints of work. — Scientific .studios upon agricultural subjects in gen- 
eral; analysis of wines and dairy products; fertilizer experiments; 
repression of plant diseases; studies of diseases of the silkworm and 
of means for combating them. 

Provincial Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, 

Gratz. 

Governing hoard. — Agricultural Committee of Styria. 

Station staff. — Eduard Hotter. I>ir.; Carl Wittmann, Asst.; one 
attendant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1892 as the Pomological Experiment and Seed 
Control Station by the Horticultural Societ} r of Mittelsteiermark; in 
1896 brought under the control of the province. 

Income.— Budget for 1900, $1,823.10; fees for analyses in 1900, 
$105.20. The station receives a subsidy of $810.10 from the Royal 
Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
and seeds; analytical, physiological, and microscopic investigations in 

connection with the practice of agriculture, especially fruit growing. 

t 

Agricultural Experiment Station of the Agricultural School, Jungbunzlau. 

Governing hoard. — The station is under the control of the director 
of the Agricultural School. 

Station staff. — Friedrich Nebovidsky, Dir.; Carl Horny, _ Isst. ; ten 
or fifteen volunteers — second-year students in the Agricultural School; 
attendant; gardener. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with various agricultural plants, such 
as grains and hoed crops; analyses and tests of important agricultural 
products. 

Experiment and Seed Control Station of the Agricultural Secondary School, 

Kaaden. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Bohemia. 

Station stuff. — Prof. Andreas Nowoczek, Dir.; Prof. Emil Palm, 

( 'In in. 

Origin. — Tin 1 station was established in 187»'>. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, seed laboratory, agricultural lab- * 
oratory, and experimental gardens. 

Income. — Partly supported by fees, which in 1900 amounted to 
$18.62. 

Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments; investigation of disinfect- 
ants and insecticides; field experiments with clovers; variety tests of 
apples; chemical investigations and analysis of soils, feeding stuffs, 
fertilizers, milk, agricultural products, and the products of starch, 



AUSTRIA. 49 

sugar, beer, and spirituous liquor manufacture; meteorological obser- 
vations; analysis and control of seeds. Seed producers and dealers 
are required to guarantee their seeds. Another function of the station 
is to promote the seed-producing industry by scientific investigations, 
the results of which are made public. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the Royal Imperial Agricul- 
tural Society of Carnithia, Klagenfurt. 

Governing hoard. — Royal Imperial Agricultural Society of Car- 
nithia. 

Station staff. — Dr. H. Svoboda, Dir.; F. Schulze, Asst.; chemist. 

Origin. — Founded in 1893 by the society mentioned. 

Income. — Budget for 1902, about $2,030. The station is subsidized 
as follows: Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture, $812; Province 
of Carnithia, $213.60; city of Klagenfurt, $121.80; Carnithian Cham- 
ber of Commerce and Industry, $81.20. 

Lines of work. — Chemical, microscopic, bacteriological, and physio- 
logical investigation of articles sent to the station; control of com- 
mercial fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and agricultural seeds; practical 
agricultural experiments and food control; the giving of verbal and 
written information. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station for Carniola, Laibach. 

Governing hoard. — The provincial government in Laibach, subject 
to supervision by the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Dr. Ernst Kramer, Dir. and Chem.; one other 
chemist. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898 by the Royal Imperial Agricultural 
Society of Carniola. 

Income. — Budget for 1900, $1,285.50; fees for analyses in 1900, 
$364.68. The station is subsidized by the Royal Imperial Ministry 
of Agriculture, the Province of Carniola, the Carniolan Chamber of 
Commerce and Industry, and the city of Laibach to the amount of 
$1,195.31. 

Lines of work. — The promotion of agriculture, especially grape 
growing, by means of scientific investigations; analysis of agricultural 
products and the study of their diseases; analysis and control of fer- 
tilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; analysis of soils, and analytical, 
physiological, and microscopic work of all kinds, including the analy- 
sis of foods and condiments for officials, societies, and private persons; 
dissemination of information verbally and by correspondence. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, Leitmeritz. 

Governing hoard. — The trustees of the Agricultural, Horticultural, 
and Viticultural School. 
5368— No. 112—04 4 



50 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Stationstaff. A. J. Kollar, Dir.; W. Widmar, Chem.; II. Schmidt, 
Bact. and Veg. Path.; E. Brandsch, Seed Control; clerk; laboratory 
assistant; gardener; cellar master. 

Origin. — Established in 1894 by the trustees of the Agricultural, 
Horticultural, and Viticultural School. 

Equipment. — The school provides accommodations for divisions of 
chemistry, bacteriology, vegetable pathology, and seed control. 

Income.— Budget, $567.28 (State, $243.12; province, $243.12; dis- 
trict assembly, $10.52; city of Leitmeritz, $40.52). The fees for 
analyses in 1901 amounted to $590.62. 

Lines of work. — Seed control; chemical, bacteriological, and patho- 
logical investigations; field experiments. 

Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station, Lemberg. 

Governing board. — Provincial committee of Galicia. 

Station staff. — Dr. Ign. R. von Szyszylowicz, Dir.; Bronislaus von 
Janowski, Casimir von Langie, and Dr. Matilda Goldflussowna, Assts. ; 
Simeon Wojciechowski, Lab. Asst.; one attendant; eight helpers dur- 
ing the busy season. 

Origin. — Established in 1895 by the provincial committee of Gali- 
cia. In 1901 an alpine garden under control of this station was estab- 
lished in the Porzyzewski pasture lands of the East Carpathians. 

Equipment. — Station at Lemberg, experiment garden in the East 
Carpathian Mountains, 5,700 feet above sea level. 

Income.— Budget for 1900, $3,450.19. The station receives from 
the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture a subsidy of $405.20, and 
in 1901 received in fees for analyses $481.52. 

Lines of work. — Control of seeds and concentrated feeding stuffs, 
experiments for the improvement and acclimatization of plants, and 
the production of alpine seeds at the alpine garden. 

Prince Schwarzenberg Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, 

Lobositz. 

Governing board. — The station is a private institution under the 
direct control of Prince Schwarzenberg. 

Station staff.— Dr. Josef Hanamann, Dir.; Leopold Koufimsky, 
Assoc; copyist; attendant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1865 at the initiative of His Highness Prince 
Johann Adolf von Schwarzenberg. The director, Dr. Josef Hana- 
mann, has held this position since the station was first established. 

Equipmi nt. — Laboratory. 

Income. — Budget for 1900, including salaries, $1,418.20. 

Lines of work. — Control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; vegetation 
and fertilizer experiments; various investigations for industrial pur- 
poses; analyses of soils, minerals, well water, and flowing water; 
meteorological observations. 



AUSTRIA. 51 

Provincial Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, 

Marburg--on-tlie-Drave. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Styria. 

Station staff. — Edmund Schmid, Dir.; Jos. Czak, Asst.j one 
attendant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1893 by the Province of Styria. 

Income. — Total budget for 1901, $1,750; fees for analyses for 1901, 
$300. The station receives a subsid}^ of $486.21 from the Royal 
Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — The promotion of agriculture, especially grape 
growing in Styria, through scientific investigations, analyses, study 
of diseases, etc. ; analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, soils, 
and seeds; analytical, physiological, and microscopic investigation of 
foods, condiments, and other articles for the agricultural committee 
of Styria, officials, societies, and private persons; the promotion of 
seed production and commerce. Results are made public by consulta- 
tion and correspondence, and expert opinions are given as required by 
the committee. 

Forestry Experiment Institute, Mariabrunn.« 

Governing hoard. — Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Josef Friedrich, Dir.; Adalbert Schift'el, For. Coun- 
cilor; Carl Bohmerle, Dr. Adolf Cieslar, Dr. ISorbert Lorenz, Ritter 
von Liburnau, Assocs. ; Gabriel Janka, For. ; Walther Sodlaczek, Asst. / 
>Johann Czaja, Gard.; a librarian, three helpers, three laborers, a 
consulting entomologist and meteorologist. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875, but not fully developed to its present 
scope until 1888, when it was made a control station for forest seeds. 

Equipment. — Chemical, technological, and plant physiological labo- 
ratories; a plant for testing strength of materials; botanic garden; 
forest gardens for experiments with fertilizers, and forest nursery. 

Income. — The institute is maintained entirely by the State, at a cost 
of about $15,000 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Development by scientific experiment and research 
of a rational method of forest management. Investigations in ento- 
mology, mycology, and meteorology as related to forestiy are con- 
ducted. Seed control is also a function of this institution. Results of 
the investigations are published in the Centralhlatt fur das Gesammtt 
Forstwesen and in Mittheilungen aus de?n Forstlichen Versuchsioesen 
Oesterreichs. 

Moravian Seed Control Station, Neutitschein. 

Governing hoard. — Moravian Provincial Committee. 

Station staff. — Prof. Richard Hamerak, Dir.; laboratory assistant. 

a Post-office, Hadersdorf- Weidlingau, Lower Austria. 



52 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Founded in 1881 by Doctor Zoebl, with the permission of 
the Moravian Provincial Committee. In 1891 the station became a 
State institution. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory with a vegetation house 
attached and an experimental garden. 

Income. — The station receives a provincial subsidy of $20.26, and 
fees for analyses average about $18 per year. 

Lines of work. — Microscopic examination of seeds, hops, and feed- 
ing stuffs; compounding of seed mixtures for meadows and pastures; 
conducting fodder-culture courses. After the erection of a new agri- 
culture laboratory experiments in bacteriology and plant physiology 
will be undertaken. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Neutitschein. 

Govt rning board. — The station is under the control of the Agricul- 
tural Secondary School in Neutitschein. 

Station staff. — Alfred Wiener, Dir.,' one attendant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1886. 

Income. — Partly supported by fees, which amount to about $12 per 
annum. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural products, such as potatoes, 
beets, and milk, and of water and commercial fertilizers. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the State Agricultural 
Secondary School, Oberhermsdorf. 

Govt rning hoard. — Silesian Provincial Committee. 
Station staff. — Rudolf Pfohl, Dir. and Clout.; one attendant. 
Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the provincial committee. 
Lines of work. — Analysis of feeding stuffs, fertilizers, waters, beets, 
potatoes, etc., and of articles used by farmers. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the Agricultural Council for 
Upper Austria, Otterbach, near Scharding. 

(ior, rning hoard. Agricultural Council for Upper Austria, the 
Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture reserving the right to super- 
intend the work of the station. 

St, if inn staff. —Franz Xav. Hanusch, Dir. and ('Jo m.; one attendant. 

Origin. Founded in 1900 by the Upper Austrian Agricultural 
Council through an agreement with Lord George Wieninger, by which 
the latter placed at the disposal of the council, until further notice, the 
necessary room for laboratories and ground for an experiment held. 

Income. Total budget for 1901, $1,684.38. The government sub- 
sidy for the station is $812; that of the province, $203. 

Lines of work. — Scientific and practical investigations in animal and 
plant production; culture and fertilizer experiments; investigations 



AUSTEIA. 53 

and anal} T ses in connection with the practice of agriculture and the 
marketing of its raw products, especially the analysis and control of 
fertilizers, feeding stuffs, foods, and seeds, at the request of officials, 
corporations, societies, and private persons; dissemination of informa- 
tion by consultation and correspondence; the giving of expert informa- 
tion for officials and agricultural corporations; the training of agricul- 
tural chemists and agriculturists for the investigation of agricultural 
products and supplies. 

Provincial Agricultural Institute and Experiment Station, Parenzo. 

Governing board. — Provincial Agricultural Committee of Istria. 

Station staff. — Dr. G. B. Cucovich, Dir.; Dr. Gherardo Catani, 
V.-Dir.; Donato Libutti, Assoc; director's secretary; attendant; cel- 
lar muster; gardener. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Istrian Agricultural Committee. 
From 1875 to 1882 it consisted of an experiment cellar only. In 1882 
a two-year enological and pomological course was added. In 1892 
the institute and experiment station were opened, and in 1900 a three - 
3 T ear course was added. 

Income. — Budget of institute and station for 1901, $9,522.20; provin- 
cial subsidy for institute and station, $1,539.76. 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigation of agricultural products and 
articles used by farmers, especially grapes, must, wine, sulphur, blue 
vitriol, soils, and fertilizers; seed control; stud} r of plant diseases. 

Chemical Laboratory, Pilsen. 

Governing board. — The laboratory is a private institution under the 
entire control of the founder and director. 

Staff. — F. Kundrat, Dir.; one assistant. 

Origin.— Founded in 1886 by F. Kundrat. In 1890 the Pilsen 
Assembly subsidized the laboratory. 

Equipment. — A laboratory fully equipped with gas, water, motor 
power, polarimeters, microscopes, micro-photographic outfit, spectro- 
scope, refractometer, and a Berthelot-Mahler calorimeter; a good 
working library. The laboratory also has the use of experiment fields, 
gardens, and stables belonging to the agricultural school with which it 
is connected. 

Income. — The total receipts for 1900, including the subsidy of 
$203, was $952. 

Lines of work. — By the terms of the act subsidizing the laboratory 
the director is required to make investigations and conduct experi- 
ments for the farmers in the vicinity of Pilsen, for which services fees 
regulated Irv the assembly are exacted. In 1897 the director was 
appointed city chemist, and in 1900 he was authorized to analyze 
foods. 



T>4 EXPEKIMENT STATIONS IN FOKEIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station of the German 
Section of the Agricultural Council for the Kingdom of Bohemia, Prague. 

Govern ing board. — Agricultural Council of the Kingdom of Bohemia. 
Station staff. — Josef Klaudi, Dir. Ohem. L<ih.; Dr. J. Nickerl, Dir. 

Seed ( 'out ml st, i. 

Origin. — The station was established in lsTT by the Agricultural 
Council. 

Lines of work. — Seed control; analysis of fertilizers, soils, sugar 
beets, potatoes, etc.; investigation of plant diseases and noxious 
insects and of foods and feeding stuffs. 

Agricultural Physiological Experiment Station of the Bohemian Section of 
the Agricultural Council for the Kingdom of Bohemia, Prague. 

Governing hoard. — Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and the 
Provincial Committee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. 

Station staff. — , Dir.; Dr. Franz Bubak, Chief Di/v. 

of Yeg. Path.; B. Prochazka, Ayr.; Eugen Vitek, Ohem./ Josef 
Smahel, Ohem.; two attendants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899 by the Royal Ministry of Agriculture and 
the Ministry of Education and Religion. The station and the Tech- 
nical High School are in the same buildings, but have no organic con- 
nection. This station is in close relation with the sugar experiment 
station in Prague, of which Prof. Karl Preis is director. 

Equipment. — Chemical, physiological, and bacteriological labora- 
tories; glass house for physiological experiments, and a biological 
room for the study of the vital processes of microbes. 

Income. — Subsidies amounting to $1,215.60 (Royal Imperial Minis- 
try of Agriculture, $810.10; provincial committee, $105.20). 

Lines of work. — The physiological section and seed control station 
are devoted to the improvement of the quality of grains and hoed 
crops; the section of bacteriology and pathology to the study of plant 
diseases and to micro-biological studies in plant production; the chem- 
ical section to the investigation by chemical means of problems similar 
to those above. 

Experiment Station for the Sugar Industry, Prague. 

Governing hoard. — Society for the Sugar Industry in Prague. 

Station staff. — Prof. K. Preis, Dir.; K. Andrlik, Chief Dir. of 
Tech. Chi in.; Dr. Julius Stoklasa, Chief Dir. of Physiol, and Path, 
of tin Sugar Beet; E. Votocek, Chief Pir. for Sci. Jurist, with 
Carbohydrates; V. Stanek, E. Vitek, Assts.; six volunteers; one 
attendant. 

Origin. Founded in L896 in connection with the department of 
analytical chemistry in the Technical High School under permission 
from the Ministry of Education and Religion and with the understand- 



AUSTRIA. 55 

ing that the Society for the Sugar Industry in Prague meet all addi- 
tional expenses. 

Equipment. — Laboratories of the Technical High School, which are 
also used by the Agricultural Physiological Experiment Station. 

Income. — Budget for 1900, $2,431.20. The station receives a sub- 
sidy of $810.10 from the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and 
of $202.60 from the Bohemian Assembly. 

Lines of work. — Technical chemical investigations in the manufacture 
of beet sugar, investigations in plant physiology for the purpose of 
introducing rational methods of cultivating the sugar beet, and study 
of beet diseases. 

Experiment Station for the Distilling- Industry, Prague. 

Governing hoard. — Society of Distillers in Prague. 

Station staff. — Anton Nyrdle, Dir.; Camill Havelka, Chem.; labor- 
atory assistant. The students of the Distillery School assist in the 
experiment station laboratories for the practice it gives them. 

Origin. — Established in 1881 in connection with the Distillery School, 
which in the year 1900-1901 received 22 students. 

Income. — Budget for 1900 for both station and school, $2,026. The 
receipts from analyses in 1900 amounted to only about $10. The 
Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and the Provincial Committee 
of Bohemia have granted a subsidy of $607.80 for the use of both 
station and school. 

Line* of work. — Mycological and chemical investigations in connec- 
tion with both old and new processes in distilling and in the man- 
ufacture of liquors and compressed yeast; yeast production and 
manufacturing; analysis of raw stuffs and manufactured products, 
perfecting and introducing rational business methods. 

Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry, Prague. 

Governing board. — Directors of the Society for the Founding and 
Maintenance of the Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry in 
Bohemia. 

Station staff \ — Franz Chodounskf, Dir.; Jaroslav Sula, ('hem. and 
Supt. of labs./ Wenzel Bares, Assoc; Jan. Satava, Asst.; book- 
keeper; laboratory assistant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1886 by the Society for the Founding and 
Maintenance of the Experiment Station for the Brewing* Industry in 
Bohemia. 

Income.— Budget for 1901, $9,648.18. The receipts for 1901 for 
analyses and other investigations amounted to $3,501.34. 

Lines of work. — The promotion of brewing interests by scientific 
work and research; testing of raw materials and other products sent 



56 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

to the station; manufacture of pure-yeast cultures; theoretical and 
practical control of improved methods of work in breweries and malt 
houses; the giving of advice to officials, members of societies, and 
others; the testing of such building materials and machinery and such 
chemical and physical apparatus as are used in breweries and malt 
houses; the delivery of lectures on professional topics and the giving 
of practice courses for students. 

Agricultural Seed Control Station of the State Agricultural High School, 

Prerau. 

Governing hoard. -.Moravian Provincial Committee. 

Station staff . — Prof. Vrat. Stohr. Dir.; laboratory assistant; gar- 
dener. 

Origin.— -Founded in 1884 by the Moravian Provincial Committee. 

Equipmt nt. — Botanical laboratory. 

Income. — Budget for station work in 1900, about $20. The station 
receives a State subsidy of % 20.26 and fees amounting to about $10. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of seeds and feeding stuffs, botanical 
analysis of meadow grasses, mechanical analysis and control of hops, 
a special study of beet diseases, qualitative tests of barley for brew- 
ing. The station assists the school with which it is connected in mak- 
ing collections of seeds and investigates in the laboratory the crops 
grown in the experiment field of the school. 

Provincial Agricultural Institute and Experiment Station, St. Michael-on- 

the-Etsch, Tyrol. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Tyrol. 

Stat "t<>n staff. — Joseph Schindler, Dir.; Karl Waschata, 1st Asst. 
Chem. ; Karl von Gramatica, Emanuel Kohlert, Assts. Chem. Students 
at the institute serve for a time on the .staff of the station. The mem- 
bers of the station staff serve in the same capacity for the institute. 

Origin. — Established in 1871: by the Province of Tyrol. 

Income.— Budget, $1,296.64; fees for analyses in 1901, $1,681.58. 
The salaries of the three assistants, amounting to §186.24, are met by 
subsidy from the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — The station assists Tyrolese farmers on all technical 
agricultural problems, exercises control over commercial fertilizers 
and seeds, and analyzes foods and agricultural products. Especial 
attention is given to wine products, also to such bacteriological studies 
as are of importance to agriculture. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Spalato. 

Governing hour!/. -Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 
Station staff. Johann Slaus-Kantschieder, Dir.; Anakleto Gazzari, 
Asst.; one technical assistant, bookkeeper, laborer, attendant. 



AUSTRIA. 57 

Origin. — The station was established in 1894 by the Royal Imperial 
Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory for chemical investigations and experi- 
ments, technical museum for illustrative purposes. 

Income. — Total budget, about $7,000; fees for analyses in lua-2, $637. 

Lines of work. — Scientific research and chemical and microscopic 
investigations, with special reference to the three principal Dalmatian 
products — wine, oil, and silk; study of means for combating the diseases 
of field crops; analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; 
and analytical and microscopic work for the Ministry of Agriculture 
and other officials, as well as for societies and private persons. Infor- 
mation to public officials and others is given by lectures, consultations, 
and correspondence. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Tabor. 

Governing hoard. — Trustees of the Agricultural Academy. 

Station staff. — Franz Farsky, Dir.; laboratory assistant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1874 by the trustees of the Provincial Agri- 
cultural High School. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratoiy and vegetation house, the former 
a sirup factory rebuilt in 1875. 

Income. — The trustees of the academy appropriated $222.86 for 
station work in 1901. 

Lines of work. — Agricultural chemical studies in plant and animal 
production, studies in the industries related to agriculture, investiga- 
tion of agricultural products and control of agricultural supplies, 
analysis of agricultural products and of the by-products in the indus- 
tries related to agriculture, experiments with fertilizers, investigations 
in plant nutrition in natural or prepared soils, digestion experiments. 

Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station of the Agricultural Academy, 

Tabor. 

Governbxj hoard. — Trustees of the Agricultural Academy. 

Station staff. — Prof. Theodor Erben, Dir.; Adalbert Netik, Asst.; 
laboratory assistant. 

Origin. — The station was first established in 1893 as a seed control 
station in connection with the academy, but in 1895 the scope of its 
activity was broadened to include all phases of plant production. 

Income. — Three thousand four hundred and forty-four dollars and 
twenty cents. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of various cultivated plants, their 
nutrition, diseases, etc.; seed control; instruction to farmers on the 
cultivation and manuring of field crops. 



58 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the State Agricultural 
Academy, Tetschen-Liebwerd. 

Govern mg hoard. — Bohemian Provincial Committee. 

Station staff. — Prof. Josef Seissl. Dir.; Jos. Neuber, Asst.; labora- 
tory assistant. , 

Origin. — Founded in L865 by the trustees of the then Agricultural 
High School. 

Equipment. — The chemical technological laboratory of the academy. 

Income .— For the laboratory and experiment station, $324.16. 

Lines of work. — The scientific investigation of problems in agricul- 
tural chemistry. 

Experiment Station for Flax Culture, Trautenau. 

Governing board. — Association of Austrian Flax and Linen Pro- 
ducers in Trautenau. subject to supervision by the Royal Imperial 
Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Dr. Camilo Hoffmeister, Dir. and Chem.; two 
attendants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the association mentioned above. 

Equipment. — Building containing well-equipped bacteriological lab- 
oratory and chemical laboratory; experiment garden and experiment 
field. 

Income. — The Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture appropriates 
$1,215.60 a year for the support of the station, and the Association of 
Austrian Flax and Linen Producers provides the remaining funds 
necessary to meet the running expenses of the station. The total 
budget varies from $1,600 to $2,000. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in growing, dressing, and manufac- 
turing flax. The investigations include chemical, physiological, and 
agricultural studies. 

Agricultural Botanic Experiment and Seed Control Station, Troppau. 

Governing hoard. — Provincial committee of Silesia. 

Station "faff. — Otto Kambersky, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 as a private station by the present director. 
In 1900 it became a provincial institution. 

Equipment. — Laboratory at Troppau; experiment field at Salasz, 
established and maintained by the Royal Imperial Ministry of 
Agriculture. 

Income. — The station receives about $200 a year from the Royal 
Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial committee of 
Silesia. The fees for analyses in L900 amounted to about $152. 

Lines of work.— Experiments and investigations in plant production. 
laboratory, and field experiments for the improvement of seeds and 
the testing of varieties, entomological investigations, control of seeds. 
and feeding stuffs. * 



AUSTRIA, 59 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station and Station for Plant Protection 
and Bacteriological Investigations, Vienna. 

Governing hoard. — Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — I. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station: Prof. 
J. F. Wolfbauer, Actg. Dir.; Dr. Eduard Hoppe, Adolf Halla, Otto 
Reitmair, Assocs.; Dr. Franz Freyer, Dr.Wilhelm Bersch, Maximilian 
Ripper, Dr. Theodor Schmitt, Ferd. Pilz, Assts. II. Station for Plant 
Protection and Bacteriological Investigations: Dr. Karl Kornauth, 
Chief/ Dr. Ludwig Hecke, Assoc; Otto von Czadek, Camillo Ehr- 
mann, Assts./ "a large number of helpers, volunteers, clerks, and 
attendants. 

Origin. — The Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station was founded 
in 1869 by the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. At first it 
was provided with rooms in the Military Veterinary Institute, but in 
1894 was removed to a building erected for the purpose at a cost of 
$31,142. In 1902 the Chemical Physiological Experiment Station for 
Wine and Fruit Growing at Klosterneuburg was discontinued and the 
major part of its work transferred to this station. 

The Station for Plant Protection and Bacteriological Investigations 
was founded in 1902 and provided quarters in a building erected in 
1901 at a cost of $31,320. 

Equipment.— Two buildings provided with all modern apparatus, 
in which are located (1) the chemical station, including laboratories 
for agricultural chemistry and technical chemistry, institute for the 
investigation of foods and petroleum, division for moor culture and 
peat utilization, and a division for plant culture; and (2) the station 
for plant protection and bacteriological investigations, including the 
division for the culture of mouse typhus. A branch vegetation station 
is located at Korneuburg. 

Income. — Total budget for 1902: Agricultural Chemical Experiment 
Station, $21,326.77; Station for Plant Protection and Bacteriological 
Investigations, $5,822.01; the fees for analyses in 1901 amounted to 
$1,121.91. 

Lines of work. — At the agricultural station, scientific research in 
animal and plant production; investigations and anatyses in subjects 
closely identified with agricultural practice, especially the investiga- 
tion and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; at the Station for 
Plant Protection and Bacteriological Investigations, the study of 
microorganisms, injurious and beneficial animals, and in general the 
conducting of analytical, plrysiological, and microscopic investigations 
for the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture and other authorities, 
as well as for societies and private persons. Information to the public 
is given by lectures, consultations, and correspondence. 



(')() EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOKEKJN COUNTRIES. 

Seed Control Station (Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station), Vienna. 

Governing, board.- Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station stuff. — Dr. Theodor Hitter v<m Weinzierl, Dir.j Gustav 
Pammer, Chief ' Div. of Plant Breeding, Demeter Sakellario, Assoc; 
Josef Hojesky, Karl Komers, Assts.; Klii» ius Freudl, Emil von 
Haunalter, Aspirants/ one chemist and tour assistants; one assist- 
ant for the alpine experiments; three clerks: two attendants. 

Origin. — Established in 1881 in a private dwelling by the Royal 
Agricultural Society of Vienna and subsidized by the Royal Imperial 
Ministry of Agriculture; moved in L886 to the rooms of the society; 
reorganized and broadened in 1895 and brought under the control of 
the Royal Imperial Ministry of Agriculture. In November, 1902, the 
division of plant breeding was added. 

Equipment. -Laboratory for seed testing; room for beet svcd; veg- 
etation house; chemical, botanical, and micro-bacteriological labora- 
tories with adjacent offices and other rooms; experimental gardens for 
grain, seed, and fodder production at Melk, Siebenbrunn, and Tullner- 
bach; an alpine station, and three alpine experiment fields. 

Income. — Total budget for 1900, including- the endowment for alpine 
and flax experiments, $13,006.92; fees for analyses in 1900, about 
$4,862. -ft ». 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of all agricultural and forest 
seeds; microscopic examination of concentrated feeding stuffs; analyt- 
ical, pysiological, and microscopic investigations for the Royal Impe- 
rial Ministry of Agriculture and other officials, societies, and private 
persons; the dissemination of information to the public by consul- 
tation and correspondence; investigations in the production of plants, 
seeds, and fodders, and in vegetable pathology, partly in the labora- 
tories and vegetation house and partly in the experimental fields. 

Chemical Technical Experiment Station of the Central Society for the Beet- 
Sugar Industry in Austria-Hungary, Vienna. 

Govemiiuj board. — Committee of the Central Society for the Beet- 
Sugar Industry in Austria-Hungary. 

Station staff. — Friedrich Strohmer, Dir.; Anton Stift, V.-Dir.; 
Ottokar Fallada, Assoc; Albert Blau and Robert Salich, Assts.; 
three clerks; three attendants. 

Origin. - This is the oldest station in Austria, and was established 
by the society mentioned in 1859 in the Konigsaal Sugar Factory in 
Bohemia. In 1867 it was moved to Prague and in 1870 to Vienna. 
At this time Dr. O. Kohlrausch became director, and remained in that 
position until he was retired on a pension in L887. 

Equipmt nt. Accommodations are provided for three divisions — the 
division for scientific investigation, the division for commercial anal- 
yses, and the division of plant physiology. 



BELGIUM. 61 

Income. — Maintained by the central society at an annual cost of 
about $11,750. 

Lines of work. — The station staff endeavors to keep pace with the 
progress of sugar making - and to study and experiment upon all new 
processes in the production of sugar, so that anything of real value 
(-in be recommended to the producers of the district; analyzes the 
products of factories and farms; gives gratuitous information regard- 
ing beet diseases and patents that concern sugar producers; edits the 
technical parts of the Osterreichisch-ungarische Zeitschrift der Zucker- 
industrie und Landwirthschaft, published by the Central Society, and 
gives instruction in the chemistryof sugar making to young men who 
wish to devote themselves to that business. 

Austrian Experiment Station and Academy for the Brewing Industry, 

Vienna. 

Governing board. — Under the control of the society "Austrian 
Experiment Station for Brewers and Maltsters." 

Station staff. — Professor Prior, Dir.; Dr. H. Wichmann, Dir. of the 
Biol. Lab.' Dr. H. Zikes, Assoc; G. Ewald, J. Bongough, B. Bion- 
drek, Assts./ three clerks; three helpers; machinist; fireman; brewer 
in the experimental brewery. 

Origin. — Founded in 1887 by the society mentioned as a chemical 
physiological laboratory; broadened to its present scope in 1895. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, biological laboratory, academy 
for the brewing industry, brewery and malt house for instruction and 
experiments. 

Income. — Budget for 1900, $13,371.60. The station is subsidized by 
the above society to the amount of $2,836.40, and in 1900 collected 
fees for analyses amounting to about $8,911. 

Lines of fork. — Scientific investigations of all materials used in the 
manufacture of beer and of the manufactured products of breweries 
and malt houses; testing of machinery and apparatus; inspection of 
brewery products; making of pure cultures; instruction in brewing 
and malting; practical experiments in the experimental brewery. 

BELGIUM. 

Department of Agriculture, Brussels. 

Baron M. Van der Bruggen, Minis, of Agr. 

The Belgian Department of Agriculture was organized in 1884 as the 
Department of Agriculture, Industry, and Public Works, which desig- 
nation it retained until 1899. It includes the following branches: (1) 
The Office of the Secretary, which includes (a) the general supervision 
of the department and of its agents, and (b) control of accounts and 
pensions; (2) the Bureau of Agriculture with the following divisions: 
(a) Animal industry, (b) agricultural instruction, the State botanic 



(52 EXPEEIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

garden, and the service of State agriculturists, and (<•) agricultural 
associations, agricultural statistics, the State Chemical and Bacterio- 
logical Institute, and the analytical laboratories; (3) the Bureau of 
Forestry, which has a central office in Brussels and branches in the 
different provinces, and is charged with the preservation and man- 
agement of the forests of the State, the improvement of waste lands, 
and the execution of fish and game laws; (1) the Bureau of Public 
Health and Hygiene; (5) the Bureau of Public Rural Roads, and (6) 
the direction of fine arts. The total budget of the department for 
1904 was $2,533,568.13. 

As already indicated, the system of experimental and control Work 
is under the supervision of the Bureau of Agriculture. The State 
Chemical and Bacteriological Institute at Gembloux, and the State 
analytical laboratories at Gembloux, Ghent, Hasselt, and Liege were 
established by the Association for the Founding of Agricultural 
Experiment Stations in Belgium, and came under Government control 
in 1883. Since that time the Government has organized anatytical 
laboratories at Antwerp, Mons, and Louvain. The Bureau of Agri- 
culture also conducts a large number of experimental and demonstra- 
tion fields in various parts of the county. In selecting these fields a 
soil is chosen which seems to be representative of the region. The 
bureau furnishes the necessary seeds and fertilizers, outlines the work, 
and requires from the owner of the farm a report upon the result of 
the experiments. The inspector-general of agriculture and two 
inspectors of agriculture supervise the experimental and demonstra- 
tion fields, inspect the agricultural, horticultural, and dairy colleges 
and schools, and confer with agriculturists regarding the organization 
of societies and the establishment of provincial schools for the giving 
of short courses of instruction in agriculture, dairying, horticulture, 
zootechny, apiculture, etc. Annual reports of the State Chemical and 
Bacteriological Institute at Gembloux and of the analytical labora- 
tories and demonstration fields in various parts of Belgium are pub- 
lished in the Bulletin de F Agriculture (Bruxelles). 

Analytical Laboratory, Antwerp. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of five members. 

Station staff. — D. Crispo, Dir.; two chief assistants; three assist- 
ants; and a clerk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the Government. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing an office, two analy- 
tical laboratories, a balance room furnished with balances, polariscope, 
microscopes, etc., and a workroom. 

Income. — Maintained by grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of icork. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 



BELGIUM. 63 

and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 
work the station perforins two special duties: It verities, gratuitously 
for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who 
have accepted the control of the State laboratories; it participates con- 
currently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken in 
execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. 

Chemical Laboratory, Bruges. 

Staff. — Franz de Walque, Dir. 

Li tux of work. — Analysis of agricultural products, fertilizers, feed- 
ing stuffs, and miscellaneous substances. 

Communal Laboratory, Courtrai. 

Staff. — J. Morreau, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of commercial fertilizers, agricultural 
products, and other substances. 

State Chemical and Bacteriological Institute, Gembloux. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — , Dir.; A. Gregoire, Actg. Dir. and 

Chief Div. of Chem.; L. Renry, Chief Dir. of Boot.; Joseph Hend- 
rick, Asst. Client.; Emile Carpiaux, Asst. Client.; L. Palmans, Asst. 
Bact.; D. Delaude, Accountant; a helper. 

Origin. — Organized and opened to the public in 1871 \yy the Associ- 
ation for the Founding of Agricultural Experiment Stations in Belgium, 
which received from the Government an annual subsidy of $2,000 
(later $2,800) and a special subsidy of $4,000 for the establishment of 
this station. In 1883 the State government assumed control of the 
station and became responsible for its financial support. In 1892 this 
and other stations that had been established underwent a reorganiza- 
tion by which analytical and control work for corporations and private 
persons was given over entirely to State analytical laboratories, and 
research work became the principal function of this station. On June 
15, 1901, the station was again reorganized, a division of bacteriology 
was added, and the name was changed to its present form. 

Equipment. —Well-furnished chemical and bacteriological laborato- 
ries containing library, museum, and apartments for experiments on 
the nutrition of animals, and provided with electric lights and petro- 
leum and hot-air engines; an experimental garden and field, a vegeta- 
tion house and boxes for vegetation experiments, and a meteorological 
observatory. 

Income. — All the expenses of the station are paid from the budget 
of the Department of Agriculture. In 1902 these amounted to 
$6,618.85. 



64 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IX FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work.- Research work, including the study of physiolog- 
ical, chemical, and bacteriological questions as applied to agriculture. 
^'o analyses for the public are made, but for tin 4 Department of Agri- 
culture a great deal of such work is done. The analytical work includes 
the analysis of fertilizers and seeds for use in the experimental fields 
and of the products of the fields, physical-chemical analysis of soils 
for the purpose of preparing soil maps, analysis of waters and foods, 
and meteorological observations. In case of difference between any 
of the analytical laboratories regarding the analysis of any article, the 
committee having charge of the laboratories refers the matter to the 
State Chemical and Bacteriological Institute at Gembloux. Reports 
of the work at Gembloux are published in the Bulletin <L V 'Agricul- 
ture {Bruxelles) and in bulletins of the institute. 

Dairy Station, Gembloux. 

Governing board. — A committee composed of several men of note 
in dairy husbandry, the inspector of agriculture (Paul de Vuyst), and 
the inspector of feeding stuffs. 

Station staff . — Dr. M. Henseval, Dir.; L. Marcas, Asst. 

Origin. — This station was established early in 1901, in accordance 
with a royal decree of December 21, 1900. It is maintained in con- 
nection with the Agricultural Institute of Gembloux, but is under 
the management of a special committee named by the Minister of 
Agriculture. 

Equipment. — The station is installed in the buildings of the dairy 
at the farm of the Agricultural Institute, where a large laboratory is 
utilized for chemical and bacteriological investigations and all the 
apparatus necessary for research work is provided. 

Income.— For 1902, about $2,895 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Dairy investigations, tests of dairy machinery, feed- 
ing experiments, etc. 

Analytical Laboratory, Gembloux. 

Govt ruing hoard. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of five members. 

Station staff. — Charles Masson, Dir.; a chief assistant, four assist- 
ants, and a clerk. 

Origin. — Established by the Association for the Founding of Agri- 
cultural Experiment Stations in Belgium and turned oyer to the Gov- 
ernment in 1883. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing on the first floor a 
laboratory for the analysis of fertilizers, a balance room, and a work- 
room; on the second floor the office of the director, library, labora- 
tory for the analysis of foods, two laboratories for the analysis of 



BELGIUM. 65 

beets, and a dark room; in the basement a gas machine and heating 
apparatus. The laboratory is thoroughly equipped throughout. 

Income. — -Maintained by grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 
and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 
work, the station performs two special duties: It verifies, gratuitously 
for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who 
have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates 
concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken 
in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. 

Provincial Experimental Garden, Ghent. 

Staff. — P. de Caluwe, Dir. 

The committee of agriculture of the Province of East Flanders has 
maintained at Ghent since 1862 an experimental garden with an area 
of about 2i acres, and containing a dwelling, stables, and vegetation 
cases. Systematic experiments are conducted with various manures and 
cereals, legumes, forage and root crops, and industrial products, such 
as flax and chicory. Other lines of work include variety tests, tests 
of different quantities of seed per acre, experiments in the manage- 
ment of meadows and old pastures on alluvial soils in the vicinity, 
investigation of the injurious effects of nitrate of soda and other salts 
on held crops, and meteorological observations. Some of the experi- 
ments have been conducted a series of years. The station publishes 
annual reports of its work for free distribution. 

Analytical Laboratory, Ghent. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of live members. 

Station .staff. — P. Nyssens, Dir.; four assistants; a clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1875 by the Association for the Founding 
of Experiment Stations in Belgium; came under State control in 1883. 

Equipment. — A laboratory building containing two analytical rooms, 
balance room, workroom, office, and parlor. The chemical labora- 
tories are fitted with special ventilating apparatus by which the air in 
the rooms is kept at a greater pressure than that outside. In the 
dwelling occupied b} T the janitor is a room for microscopic work and 
a bacteriological laboratory. 

Income. — Maintained b}^ grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 

and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 

work the station performs two special duties: It verities, gratuitously 

for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who 

5368— No. 112—04 5 



66 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates 
concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken 
in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. 

Analytical Laboratory, Hasselt. 

GoV( m ing hoard. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of five members. 

Station staff. — Mercier, Dir.; two assistants, and a clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1878 by the Association for the Founding 
of Experiment Stations in Belgium; came under State control in 1883. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building, containing a balance room, analyt- 
ical laboratory with room and equipment for two chemists, laboratory 
for distillations, sugar-beet laboratory, workroom, library, office, and 
a public room for consultations. 

Income. — Maintained by grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 
and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 
work the station performs two special duties: It verifies, gratuitous^ 
for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who 
have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates 
concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken 
in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. 

Analytical Laboratory, Liege. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of four members. 

Station staff. — De Molinari, Dir.; a chief of the division of chem- 
istry; a chief of the division of microscopy; six assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1878 by the Association for the Founding of 
Experiment Stations in Belgium; came under State control in 1883. 

Equipment. — An analytical laboratory building, containing the office 
of the director, balance room, large analytical laboratory with pro- 
vision for four chemists, laboratoiy for the analysis of sugar beets, 
workroom, and glass house. In a separate building is the division of 
microscopy, which is provided with a workroom, room for microscopic 
work, dark room, culture room, and glass house. 

Income. — Maintained by grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Anal} r sis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 
and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 
work the station performs two special duties: It verifies, gratuitous^ 
for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who 
have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates 
concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken 
in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. 



BELGIUM. 67 

Analytical Laboratory, Louvain. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of rive members. 

Station staff. — J. Graftiau, Dir.; three assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1883 as a private laboratory by P. Claes, who 
became director of the laboratory when it was purchased by the State 
in 1885. 

Equipment. — In 1898 a laboratory building was erected and fully 
equipped with electric lights and motors, gas, and modern apparatus. 
In the basement of this building are found apparatus for blowpipe 
analysis, machinery for the preparation of samples, dry kiln, and appa- 
ratus for the distillation of water and rectification of alcohol and other 
residues. On the first floor are found the office of the director, library, 
photographic laboratory, analytical laboratory, a special research 
laboratory, and a room for balances, microscopes, and polariscope. 
In addition to the ordinary equipment the laboratory contains a com- 
plete installation for electrical analysis. An experimental field is also 
available for the use of the staff. 

Income. — Maintained by grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

IAms of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 
and agricultural products; seed testing; investigations in the prepa- 
ration of wine, cider, and mead; studies in vegetable physiology as 
applied to agriculture, and especially to kitchen gardening. 

Analytical Laboratory, Mons. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture and a local committee 
of five members. 

Station staff. — Fl. Warsage, Dir.; four assistants, and a clerk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the State. 

Equipment. — The laboratory building contains the office of the 
director, which is furnished with microscopes and other optical appa- 
ratus; a room for balances and other apparatus and samples; the labo- 
ratory proper, which contains three rooms — the first provided with 
equipment and room for five chemists, the second serving as a room 
for the preparation of samples and as a laboratory for distillations, 
and the third equipped with hoods and apparatus for distilling acids. 
A structure for the storing of explosives and other dangerous sub- 
stances is completely isolated from the laboratory. 

Income. — Maintained hj grants from the Department of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, 
and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general 
work the station performs two special duties: It verifies, gratuitousl} 7 
for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers 
who have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it partici- 



68 EXPEEIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

pates concurrently with other Laboratories in the analysis of samples 
taken in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding 

Mulls. 

Provincial Agricultural Laboratory, Roulers. 

Oovemmg board. A committee of six appointed by the Provincial 
Council of West Flanders. J. Bethune, Pres. 

Station staff. — Jules van don Berghe, Dir.; R. Castelein, A&st.; 
helper-, and a clerk. 

Origin. Established in lsT-1 by the Provincial Council of West 
Flanders on the initiative of the provincial committee of agriculture. 

Equipment. A laboratory with ten adjoining rooms, all of which 
are conveniently arranged and well equipped with scientific instru- 
ments and apparatus, gas, water, motor power, and a library of 400 
volumes. 

Income. — Subsidies from the State and the province amounting, in 
L902, to $2,702. 

Lines of work. Analysis and control of feeding stuffs and foods, 
seed testing, and the examination of agricultural products. Reports 
of the work are published regularly in special bulletins and in 
magazines. 

Agricultural and Hygienic Laboratory, St. Nicolas. 

( 'a.-t ille. Dir. 

Garden of the Society for Vegetable Culture, St. Nicolas. 

Staff. ( '. Anielinckx, I>ir. 

The Society for Vegetable Culture of St. Nicolas established in L890 
a station for practical experiments to Improveold methods of culture. 
The equipment of the station consists of a number of vegetation cases 
and agarden. The station is subsidized by the Government and by the 
town of St. Nicolas. The lines of work include tests of new varieties of 
legumes and garden vegetables and experiments with various chemical 
fertilizers. Annual reports of the work are made to the Ministry of 
Agriculture and published in Bulletin deVAgricuUnn {Bruxelles). 

r.OSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 

Agricultural and Horticultural Stations. 

The agricultural stations and the fruit and vine culture stations of 
Bosnia and Herzegovina are not experiment stations such as we find 
in western Europe and the United States, [lather, they are model 
farms intended to instruct farmers, stock raiser-, and fruit growers 
<>f the vicinity in modern methods. At each station except the one at 

Lastva, provision is made U)\- students, ten or twelve of whom spend 
two or three years, on the farm learning the practical methods in vogue 



BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 69 

there. In addition each station serves as a center for the distribution 
of seeds, fruit trees, and cuttings of improved varieties, and for the 
breeding of pure-bred stock that may be used by the stock raisers of 
the region for the improvement of the flocks and herds. 

The stations were organized by the Provincial Bureau of Agricul- 
ture and are under its immediate control. Each station has a manager 
trained in the theory and practice of farming and capable of giving 
instruction not only to (he pupils in his charge, bul also to the farmers 
and fruit growers of the region. 

Station for Fruit and Vine Culture, Dervent. 

Established in L888. Tin* area under cultivation includes L 56 acres, 
of which 24 acres are in nursery, i < > 1 acres orchard, 21 acres vineyard, 
and 4 acres set to American varieties of phylloxera-resistant vines, 
from which cuttings are distributed among the vine growers of the 
region. The station building contains an office, apartments for the 
manager, press room, and wine cellar. There are also a school 
building, a machine shop, and stables. This station is more largely 
engaged in the growing ol stone fruits and apples and pears than any 
of the other fruit stations, but it also devotes considerable time and 

space to the production of grapes for wine and for table use and to 

the propagation of early varieties for cool climates. 

Agricultural Station, Oacko. 

Established in L886. This station includes three farms — a valley 
farm of 647 acres, more than three-fifths of which is in pasture and 
meadow; a mountain farm at Zelengoraof 731 acres, of which 621 acres 

are in woodland and pasture, and a mountain pasture of 230 acres at 
Nikolin do. At, the valley farm the buildings are of stoneand include 

a dwelling, cheese-making room, cheese cellar, stables, etc. On both 

mountain farms there are dwellings and the necessary stables for hous- 
ing the live stock. These farms lie in a grazing country, and stock 
raising, dairying, and cheese making from the milk of both cows and 
sheep are given much more attention than the cultivation of field crops. 

Agricultural Station, Ilidze. 

Established in 1893. The station includes both valley and mountain 
farms, the former including bin' acres of cultivated land, the latter 
1,577 acres, most of which is in pasture and woodland. The station 
building at Ilidze contains apartments for the manager, office, and 
schoolroom. There are also barns, a thrashing building, a greenhouse, 
hothouses, 60 cows, 300 fowls, and other domestic animals. While stock 
raising is given an important place at this station, much more atten- 
tion is given to the cultivation of crops, and especially the production 
of fodder, than at any of the other station-. 



70 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Station for Fruit and Vine Culture, Lastva. 

Established in 1894. Of the 95 acres under cultivation at this sta- 
tion 72 acres are in vineyard and 12 acres in orchard. The station 
buildings are very similar to those at Dervent, except that there is a 
building- for the accommodation of families who attend the winter 
school. The work of the station includes the improvement of methods 
of vine culture and of wine making, the production of other fruits 
and nuts, and the conducting of a winter school for the vine and fruit 
growers of the region. 

Agricultural Station, Livno. 

Established in 18S8. The valley farm at Livno has an area of 1,592 
acres, of which 1,012 acres are meadow and pasture land. The build- 
ings include a two-story stone building containing living apartments, 
office, and schoolroom; 3 large cattle barns, sheep barn, poultry 
house, pigpens, stables for the work animals, cheese-making room, 
cheese cellar, and a natural cave for curing Roquefort cheese. There 
are on the farm 200 cows, 1,500 sheep, 30 swine, 500 fowls, and a few 
Angora goats, beside work animals. There are 2 mountain farms, 
which together cover an area of 6,592 acres, of which 5,992 acres are 
in meadow and pasture. At these farms also facilities are provided 
for making and curing cheese. This station is located in the grazing 
district and gives little attention to the cultivation of field crops. 
Dairying, cheese making, the improvement of live stock, and the 
acclimatization of Angora goats are the principal lines of work 
undertaken. 

Agricultural Station, Modric. 

Established in 1886. The farm has an area of 816 acres, nearly all 
of which is cultivated. Among the buildings are the dwelling of the 
manager, a school building, barns, graneries, etc. This farm lies in a 
rich agricultural district and is conducted as a model farm for rational 
field culture, stock raising, and general farming. 

Station for Fruit and Vine Culture, Mostar. 

Established in 1888. The vineyard at this station covers 41 acres 
and the orchard 12 acres. The station building contains an office, 
apartments for the manager, press room, and wine cellar. Adjoining 
is a school building and a machine room. Attention is given to the 
growing of grapes, fruits, and nuts, wine making, and the study of 
diseases and pests of the vine. 

BRAZIL. 

Agricultural Institute of Sao Paulo, 'Campinas. 

Governing hoard. — Under the direction of the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture, Commerce, and Public Works. 



BRAZIL. 71 

Station staff.— Dr. Gustavo R. P. d'Utra, Dir.; H. Potel, 1st 
Chem.; A. Hempel, Veg. Path.; R. Bolliger, Met. and 2d Chem.; 
E. Sixt, 3d Chem.; R. E. de Paula Aragao, Pract. Chem.; Dr. J. A. 
Requiao, Agr.; T. Egydio de Souza Aranha, Sec; farm superintend- 
ent; chief gardener; 4 gardeners; 2 laboratory helpers; 2 foremen; 
12 workmen. 

Origin. — Established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture in 
1887; definitely organized in 1898; transferred to the State of Sao 
Paulo in 1892. 

Equipment. — Laboratory buildings, including analytical laborato- 
ries, a laboratory for vegetable pathology, and a separate building for 
the analysis of seeds and fertilizers; experimental garden and vegeta- 
tion house at Guanabara; experimental field and coffee plantation at 
Taquaral, and an experimental farm at Santa Elisa. 

Income. — The income is derived largely from the sale of agricultural 
products and from the analysis of commercial products. In 1903 the 
total income was about $38,000. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with native grasses and other forage 
crops; cultural and manurial experiments with sugar cane and coffee; 
experiments with various drying machines in curing coffee; investiga- 
tion of the cost of producing agricultural crops; study of plant dis- 
eases; analysis of soils, fertilizers, and drinking water; meteorological 
observations; cooperative experiments in various parts of Sao Paulo. 
The work of the station is published in the Boletim, da Agricultura. 

Agricultural Institute, Itabira, Minas Geraes. 

The institute was founded in 1895 b}^ the late director, Dr. C. Brun- 
nemann. 

Botanic Garden, San Vicente, Sao Paulo. 

Station staff. — Dr. J. Campos Porto, Dir. 

In 1900 the municipal government of Santos established near the 
village of San Vicente a botanical garden and experimental and demon- 
stration field. 

Experimental and Demonstration Field of the Cultivators' Club ( Club da 

Lavoura), Sao Carlos. 

Governing hoard. — Auxiliary council of the Cultivators' Club. 

Station staff. — Antonio Gomes Carno, Dir. 

The Cultivators' Club proposes to introduce new methods of culture 
and new machinery among the farmers of Sao Paulo, and to aid in this 
work has established near Sao Carlos an experimental and demonstra- 
tion field, and also conducts cooperative experiments on farms in various 
parts of the State. 

Botanic Garden, Tramway da Cantareira, near Sao Paulo. 

Governing hoard. — Under the direction of the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture, Commerce, and Public Works of Sao Paulo. 



72 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Staff. — Dr. Alberto Lofgren, Dir. ; Thomas Rosetti, Asst.; A. Ham- 
mar. Md. and Ent.; a gardener. 

Origin. — Founded by the Geographical and Geological Commission 
of Sao Paulo in 1896, but not fully established until 1S99. 

Equipment, — A small laboratory, cold frames, and convenient house 
for orchids and other shade-loving plants, and about 50 acres under 
cultivation. 

Income. — Derived entirely from the Government subsidy of $2,600. 

Lines of work. — Scientific botanical investigations relating to the 
flora of Sao Paulo; the propagation and culture of economic trees — 
those useful in the production of lumber, fuel, and charcoal; distribu- 
tion of seeds, and the acclimatization of exotics. A pomological sec- 
tion for the introduction, hybridization, and distribution of American 
and European fruits has recently been established. 

BRITISH EAST AFRICA. 

Botanic Station, Uganda, East Africa Protectorate.' 1 ' 
Alexander Whyte, Bot. 

Agricultural Department, Dunga, Zanzibar. 

Robert Nunez Lyne, Dir. of Ayr. 

The Agricultural Department of Zanzibar was established in 1896. 
It maintains an experiment station at Dunga where experimental 
plantations of various tropical products, such as cloves, cocoanuts, and 
rubber trees have been established. The department derives its income 
from the sale of products from these plantations. Its principal lines 
of work are the cultivation of new products, including vanilla, Liberian 
coffee, cacao, kola, and rubber; the improvement of native methods 
of cultivation; the training of natives; the study of native products; 
and meteorological observations. 

Experiment Station, Dunga, Zanzibar. « 

W. Buzzacott, Supt. 

Victoria Gardens, Zanzibar. « 

W. Buzzacott, Our. 

BRITISH GUIANA. 

Division of Science and Agriculture. 

Included under this division are three organizations: The Board of 
Agriculture, comprising administrative officers and a numberof experts; 
the Government Laboratory, and the Botanic Gardens. 

"Sec Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



BRITISH HONDURAS. 73 

Board of Agriculture. 

Staff.— Hon. A. M. Ashmore, Chair.; Prof. J. B. Harrison, M. A., 
( 'hair, in charge of Agr. Expts./ O. Weber, Sec./ R. Ward and J. E. 
Beckett, Agr. Assts. and Instrs./ J. A. Raleigh, Vet. Surgeon. 

Income. — For 1902, $10,628 from the local government. 

Government Laboratory. 

Staff. — Prof. J. B. Harrison, M. A., Govt. Analyst and Prof, of 
Chem./ E. W. F. English, M. A.; J. Williams; W. P. Kaufmann, 
M. A.; P. V. Garraway, Assts. 

Income. — For 1902, $8,780 from the local government. 

Botanic Gardens and Sugar Cane Experiments." 

Staff. — Georgetown: A. W. Bartlett, Supt./ J. F. Waby, Head 
Gard./ F. W. B. Carter, Asst. Gard. Berbice: J. Nardamoonie, 
Keeper/ J. B. Harrison, Chem. in charge of Sugar Cane Expts. 

Income.— For 1902, $15,860. 

Origin. — The Government Laboratory was originally established by 
the local government for the purposes of agricultural research in 1850, 
under the charge of the late Doctor Sheir. After some years it was 
discontinued but was reestablished in 1879, and has since been actively 
engaged in tropical agricultural research. 

The Botanic Gardens were established in 1878, mainly for the pur- 
pose of aiding in the development of the agricultural resources of the 
colony. 

The Board of Agriculture was established in 1901 as a governing 
board to have charge of the Botanic Gardens and other scientific staffs 
of the colony. 

Equipment. — Three well-equipped laboratories; vegetation houses; 
botanic gardens at Georgetown, Demerara, and at New Amsterdam, 
Berbice; experiment fields in Demerara and Essequibo. 

lines of work. — Investigations in tropical agriculture, especially 
with sugarcane, rice, cacao, and coffee; analysis of soils, manures, and 
sugar products; cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants and 
many economic tropical products; practical investigations in connec- 
tion with cooperative experiments with planters; the importation and 
exchange of live stock, seeds, and plants. 

BRITISH HONDURAS. 

Botanic Station, Belize." 

Governing board. — The colonial government, of British Honduras. 
Station staff. — Eugene J. F. Campbell, Cur. 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



74 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — First promoted in 1882 by Sir Joseph Hooker, then 
director of the Kew Gardens; finally established in 1892. 

JEqui^mu nt. — Nurseries containing economic plants. 

Income. — About $250 from the colonial government. 

Lints of work. — Introduction of valuable economic and fruit plants; 
instruction to planters on agricultural matters. 

BRITISH WEST INDIES. 

Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. « 

Dr. Daniel Morris, Comr.; W. R. Buttenshaw, Sci. Asst.; L. 
Lewton-Brain, Myc. and Agr. Led.; Henry A. Ballou, Actg. Ent.; 
A. G. Howell, Chief Clerk; Francis Watts, Govt. Analyt. and Agr. 
( 'hem. for the Leeward Lslands. 

The Imperial Department of Agriculture was organized in 1898. 
Its duties are "(1) to endeavor to restore the sugar industry to a con- 
dition in which it can be profitably carried on, and (2) to encourage 
the establishment of other industries in such colonies as afford suitable 
conditions to supplement the staple industry." The commissioner, 
Dr. Daniel Morris, has charge of all experiment stations in the British 
West Indies except those on the islands of Jamaica and Trinidad. 

The Imperial Department of Agriculture has established on the 
Island of Barbados two central experiment stations and ten local 
plantations for the improvement of varieties and the carrying on of 
fertilizer experiments. The varieties that prove most promising at 
the central stations are tested at the local plantations to determine 
their adaptability and value in different soils and localities and also to 
demonstrate their value to the planters in each parish. The other 
stations now under the control of the department are those at Tobago, 
Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Dominica, Montserrat, Antigua, 
Tortola, and St. Kitts-Nevis; the two stations in British Guiana, and 
one in British Honduras. In addition there are twenty substations or 
experimental plats at Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, and Dominica; 
seven at Antigua, and three at St. Kitts-Nevis, which have been 
established to encourage improvements in the cultivation of cacao, 
coffee, limes, and other crops. The expense of maintaining these sta- 
tions is borne by the British Government, which appropriated $21,900 
for the new department in 1899, and estimated that during the next 
ten years an annual grant of about $85,000 would be required. The 
Imperial Department of Agriculture publishes handbooks, leaflets, 
agricultural news, and the West I ml inn Bulletin, which is sent free to 
residents of the West Indies. 

« See Royul (Amicus, Kew, p. 161. 



BRITISH WEST INDIES. 75 

Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, Antigua." 

Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff.— W. H. Patterson, Cur.; Francis Watts, Chem, in 
charge of Sugar Cane Expts. 

The station was established in 1890, and has recently organized, under 
the direction of Doctor Morris, seven substations. The attention of the 
station has been directed almost exclusively to the economic and agri- 
cultural interests of the colony, especial attention being given to 
experiments with grapevines, libers, cotton, tobacco, pineapples, etc.; 
cultivation of varieties of sugar cane; distribution of new economic 
plants and seeds; manurial experiments, and the improvement of fruit. 

Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, Dodd's Reformatory, 

Barbados." 

Governing hoard, — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff.— John R. Bovell, Sapt. of Bot. Sta.; J. P. d' Albu- 
querque, Island Chem. and Agr. in charge of Sugar Cane Expts.; 
four assistants. 

Experiments at this place were begun in 1885 and since that time 
have been continued along a few well-defined lines. At present the 
station is investigating the composition of the rainfall and conducting 
held experiments with manures on established varieties of sugar cane 
and comparative experiments with seedling varieties of sugar cane. 
The more promising varieties are tested at other local stations on the 
island. The anal} T tical work is done in the laboratories at Dodd's 
Reformatory, and annual reports of all the work are published. 
There are at present on the Island of Barbados eleven central and 
local stations associated with this station and doing similar work. 

Botanic Station, Dominica." 

Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — Joseph Jones, Car.; George F. Branch, Agr. Instr.; 
J. F. Baptiste, Form. 

Income. — Four thousand eight hundred and sixty-six dollars and 
fifty cents from the Imperial Department of Agriculture. 

The station was established by the curator in 1890, and includes 40 
acres of land upon which large nurseries of economic plants are main- 
tained. Plat experiments with sugar cane, Liberian coffee, vanilla, 
cacao, cinnamon, oranges, limes, and other tropical productions receive 
the attention of the station authorities. 

" See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



76 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Botanic Station, Grenada." 

G&veming hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — W. E. Broadway. Cwr.; W. M. Smith, Actg. Agr. 
Instr./ A. W. Dowers, Form. 

This station was established by the local government in 1886, upon the 
advice of Doctor Morris, then assistant at the Kew Gardens. It was 
maintained at the expense of the government of Grenada until Octo- 
ber, 1898, when it was transferred to funds controlled by the Imperial 
Department of Agriculture. It is engaged in introducing and testing- 
new economic and ornamental plants, in giving practical informa- 
tion and advice on agricultural and horticultural topics, and in dis- 
tributing economic and ornamental plants throughout the colony 

Board of Agriculture, Kingston, Jamaica. 

Staff. — The Colonial Secretary, Hon. Sydney Olivier, Chair.; three 
members ex-officio; the director of the Department of Public Gardens 
and Plantations; the Imperial Commisioner of Agriculture for the 
West Indies; the Government analytical and agricultural chemist ; and 
four members appointed by the governor, two of whom are nominated 
by the Agricultural Societj^. 

Executive committee. — Composed of the superintendents of the sev- 
eral gardens and the Hope Experiment Station; the two assistant 
chemists; the traveling- instructor in agriculture, and the lecturer in 
agriculture. 

The Board of Agriculture was organized in 1900 to have general 
supervision over the Department of Public Gardens and Plantations 
and the Government Laboratory, to promote the establishment of expe- 
riment stations, and to aid generally in the dissemination of agricul- 
tural information. The first act of the board in promoting experiment 
stations was to extend the experimental plats at Hope Gardens and 
organize there an experiment station. The board has also purchased 
86^ acres of the, St. Jago estate for the purpose of finding employ- 
ment for prisoners and of supplying food to the prisons and the pub- 
lic institutions in Kingston, with a view " of utilizing some part of 
this land for experiments and demonstrations in the cultivation of rice, 
cotton, cassava for making starch in bulk, and similar purposes, when 
sufficient provision has been made for the food suppl} r of public 
institutions." 

Department of Public Gardens and Plantations, Kingston, Jamaica. " 

Station stuff. — William Fawcett, Dir.; William Harris, Asst. to 
Dir. and Sv/pt. of Hope Gardens and Expert 'm, nt Station, Oastleton 
Garden*, and /fill Gardens {Cinchona); Thos. J. Harris, Agr. Instr. 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



BRITISH WEST INDIES. 77 

of Hope Experiment Station; John Campbell, Asst. Sv/pt. of Castle- 
ton Gardens,' James Briscoe, Supt. of King's House Gardens; William 
J. Thompson, Supt. of Parade Gardens; H. S. Hammond and E. J. 
Wortley, Assts. Chem.; T. F. Teversham, Led. in Agr. Sci.; Wil- 
liam Cradwick, Traveling Instr. in Agr. 

The Department of Public Gardens and Plantations maintains gar- 
dens at Hope, Castleton, Cinchona, Parade, and King's House. These 
gardens are engaged in the cultivation of coffee, cinnamon, cacao, 
sugar cane, and other tropical plants and fruits, and in the importation 
and exchange of plants and seeds. Annual reports of the department 
and the Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture are published. 

Hope Experiment Station, Kingston, Jamaica. 

Governing hoard. — The director of the Department of Public Gar- 
dens and Plantations, subject to the direction and control of the Board 
of Agriculture of Jamaica. 

Station staff. — William Harris, Supt.; T. J. Harris, Agr. Instr. 

Origin. — Experimental work at the Hope Gardens was begun in 
1874. Subsequent to the organization of the Board of Agriculture in 
1900, this work was extended and the experiment station was organ- 
ized as one of the institutions comprising the Department of Public 
Gardens and Plantations. 

Equipment. — Experiment plats, covering 25i acres. A reservoir 
for irrigating purposes is being constructed at a cost of $1,460. 

Income. — Derived from the grant to the Department of Public Gar- 
dens and Plantations. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 1902, the 
expenditures, exclusive of salaries, amounted to $1,856. 

lines of work. — Variety tests of sugar cane, bananas, pineapples, 
and citrus plants; tobacco growing and curing, including experiments 
with Sumatra leaf; variety, fertilizer, cultural, and pruning experi- 
ments with cocoa; tests of varieties and demonstrations of manuring 
and pruning coffee; study of methods of grafting and other problems 
in growing nutmeg, rubber, and other economic plants; green-manur- 
ing experiments; local manurial experiments in cooperation with 
planters in different parts of the island. 

Experiment Stations, Montserrat. « 

Governing board. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — A. J. Jordan, Agr. Instr.; Dudley Johnson, Local 
In dr. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900 by the Imperial Department of 
Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Twelve acres of inclosed land, with covered nurseries, 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



78 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

office, storerooms, etc. The land is located at three different points 
on the island, each parcel being- designated a station, viz: Grove sta- 
tion (A. D. Dyer, Form.), Olveston station (Win. Shoy, Sub Form.), 
and Harris station (F. Donoghue, Sub Form.). 

Income. — For 1901-2, $3,448.71 (Imperial Department of Agricul- 
ture, $3,295.37; sale of plants, $153.34). 

Lines of 'work. — Introduction and distribution of economic plants, 
practical experiments with crops, improvement of live stock by the 
importation of good breeds, introduction of improved farm imple- 
ments, establishing of school gardens, agricultural instruction. 

Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, St. Kitts-Nevis.« 

Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff . — F. R. Shepherd, A.ctg. Cur.; Francis Watts, Chem. 
in charge of Sugar Cam- Expts. 

This station is engaged in raising and distributing economic plants 
and in experiments for the improvement of sugar cane. 

Botanic Station, St. Lucia." 

Governing board. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — J. C. Moore, Agr. Supt.; G. S. Hudson, Agr. Instr.; 
Elias Buckmire, Form. 

The station was established in 1887 and transferred to the control of 
the Imperial Department of Agriculture in 1898. It is engaged in the 
distribution by sale, free grants, and exchange, of plants and seeds of 
economic value and suitable for cultivation in the colonies, and in the 
cultivation of Liberian coffee, nutmegs, ginger, cacao, and other 
tropical productions. The agricultural instructor travels about the 
island to advise planters and superintend work on experiment plats. 

Botanic Station, St. Vincent. « 

Governing board. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — W. N. Sands, Agr. Supt.; Thomas Osment, Agr. 
Instr.; J. B. Dopwell, Form. 

Origin. — The old Botanic Garden of St. Vincent was established by 
the British Government in 1765, but was given up in 1822 and the land 
transferred to the local government. "In the course of time (about 
L849) the garden ceased to be cultivated, attention being given only to 
the gathering of the spices and fruit, but in May, 1890, it was reestab- 
lished by the Imperial Department of Agriculture of the West Indies." 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



BRITISH WEST INDIES. 79 

Lines of work. — Introduction and distribution of plants of economic 
importance, such as cacao, coffee, and sugar cane. 

Botanic Station, Tobago. a 

Governing board. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff. — J. H. Hart, Supt.; Henry Millen, Cur.; N. Lord, 
Agr. Instr.; J. Blackman, Form. 

This station was established in 1899. It is subordinate to the Royal 
Botanic Gardens at Trinidad, and the 18 acres under cultivation are 
devoted to experiments with sugar cane, cacao, yams, tobacco, coffee, 
and rubber, which promises to become an important product in Tobago. 
The income of the station for the year ended March 31, 1903, was 
$170.10. 

Experiment Station, Tortola, Virgin Islands. « 

Governing'board. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. 

Station staff . — W. C. Fishlock, Agr. Instr.; William Haynes, Form. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900 by the Imperial Department of Agri- 
culture. 

Equipment. — Sugar mill with evaporators and other improved 
apparatus, meteorological apparatus, and about 60 acres of land for 
experimental purposes. 

Income. — An annual grant of $2,481.92 voted by the Imperial Par- 
liament, London. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with sugar cane, cacao, coffee, pine- 
apples, and other food and fruit crops; fertilizer experiments; stock 
breeding. 

Botanic Department, Trinidad. 

The Botanic Department has charge of two establishments, the 
Royal Botanic Gardens a and the St. Clair Experiment Station, together 
with the care of ornamental trees on all "government pastures" in the 
vicinity of Port of Spain. 

Staff. — J. H. Hart, Supt.; F. J. Evans, Asst. Supt.; William Leslie, 
Senior Agr. Instr.; H. A. Nurse, Junior Agr'. Instr.; J. Bailey, Head 
Gard. (Govt. House); H. C. Massy, Clerk;- J. C. Augustus, Form. 
(St. Clair); P. McLean, Herbarium Asst. 

Origin. — The Royal Botanic Gardens were established in 1818; the 
St. Clair Experiment Station in 1898. Substations are being estab- 
lished. 

Equipment. — Botanic gardens, herbarium, library, experimental 
plats covering 35 acres at St. Clair, and including a nursery containing 
10,000 or 50,000 plants. 



« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



80 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. — Maintained entirely by the government of Trinidad. 

Lines of work. — The experiment station is divided into three sec- 
tions: (1) Fruit, (2) botanical and ornamental, and (3) nurseries and 
economics. The last section is the largest and contains plats devoted 
to experiments with seedling canes, rubber, coffee, cacao, vanilla, pep- 
per, tobacco, kitchen garden produce, forest trees, etc. Besides these 
experimental enterprises, courses of lectures in agriculture are held 
at intervals for the instruction of students. Annual reports are pub- 
lished and a bulletin is issued containing miscellaneous information and 
records of experiments. 

BULGARIA. 

Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Plevna. 
B. Manoucheff, Dir. 

Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Rustchuk. 

Nikola Batchvaroff, Dir. 

Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Sadova. 
Athanase Kablechkoff, Dir. 

CANADA. 

Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. 

Hon. Sidney A. Fisher, Minis, of Ayr. 

The Dominion system of experiment stations comprises a central 
experimental farm at Ottawa and four branch farms located in different 
provinces and territories. These farms were established by the 
Department of Agriculture and receive annual grants from the 
department, which also publishes their annual reports. The depart- 
ment is represented in all its transactions with the experimental farms 
by the director of experimental farms, who resides upon and has 
immediate control of the central farm in Ottawa, and is represented 
by a superintendent at each of the branch farms. These are the only 
experimental institutions under the control of the Dominion Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, but not the only institutions doing experimental 
work in the Dominion. The Province of Ontario supports an agricul- 
tural college and experimental farm at Guelph, with which are con- 
nected a large number of cooperative enterprises, all of which are 
subordinate to the provincial department of agriculture, and several 
of the other provinces and territories in the Dominion maintain depart- 
ments of agriculture, with which are connected experts and inspectors 
engaged in control work. 



CANADA. 81 

Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. 

Governing hoard. — The Dominion Department of Agriculture, Hon. 
Sidney A. Fisher. 

Station staff. — Dr. William Saunders, I)! v.; J. H. Grisdale, Agr.; 
W. T. Macoun, Hort.; F. T. Shutt, Chem..; Dr. James Fletcher, Ent. 
a ml Bot.; A. G. Gilbert, Poultry Mgr. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. In connection with the Central 
Experimental Farm there are four branch farms located in widely 
separated parts of the Dominion, all of which are under the direction 
of Doctor Saunders. The branch farms are at Nappan, Nova Scotia; 
Brandon, Manitoba; Indian Head, Assiniboia; and Agassiz, British 
Columbia. 

Equipment. — Office building, chemical laboratory, and museum; 
conservatory and houses for seed testing and seed distribution; barn; 
implement shed and tool house; piggery; dairy building; root house; 
sheep house; poultry buildings and yards; farm containing orchards 
and numerous experimental plats, and a large number of farm animals. 

Income.— Budget for 1900-1901, $-10,369.24. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests and other experiments with oats, barley, 
spring and winter wheat, peas, Indian corn, root crops (including 
sugar beets), fodder plants, fruits, etc.; rotation experiments; dairy 
experiments; spraying, cultural, and acclimatization experiments with 
large and small fruits; seed testing; feeding experiments with horses, 
cattle, swine, and sheep; experiments with green manures, fertilizers, 
and means for conserving soil moisture; investigations in economic 
entomology; experiments in apiculture and poultry raising; meteoro- 
logical observations, and analysis of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, foods, 
soils, well waters, dairy products, insecticides, fungicides, etc. Bul- 
letins and annual reports are published. 

Branch Experimental Farms. 
Experimental Farm for British Columbia, Agassiz, British Columbia. 

Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William 
Saunders, director of the experimental farms. 

Station staff. — Thomas A. Sharpe, Supt. 

Origin. — Established in 1889. 

Equipment. — Residences for superintendent and foreman, barn, 
farm of 1,125 acres, extensive orchards, 6 horses, 20 head of cattle, 
22 swine, 9 sheep, fowls, bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. 

Income.— Budget for 1900-1901, $8,799.02. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests with cereals, flax, root crops, large 
and small fruits; experiments with fodder plants, mixed grains for 
5368— No. 112—04 



82 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

feed, and grasses; fertilizer experiments; forestry experiments, and 
meteorological observations. Experiments with fruit are given great 
prominence. 

Experimental Farm for Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba. 

Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William 
Saunders, director of the experimental farms. 

Station staff. — S. A. Bedford, Supt. • 

Origin. -Established in 1887. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barn, poultry house, and 
other farm buildings, farm of 652 acres, 12 horses, 22 head of cattle, 
26 swine, bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. 

Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $15,434.62. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests and cultural experiments with spring 
wheat, barley, oats, peas, flax, Indian corn, root crops, legumes, garden 
vegetables, flowers, and ornamental shrubs; rotation experiments; 
feeding experiments with cattle, swine, and poultry; experiments with 
sand binders and with varieties of large and small fruits; forestry 
experiments and meteorological observations. 

Experimental Farm for the Northwest Territories, Indian Head, Assiniboia. 

Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William 
Saunders, director of the experimental farms. 

Station staff.— Angus Mackay, Supt. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. 

Equipment. — -Superintendent's house, barns, farm of 682 acres, 13 
horses, 36 head of cattle, swine, fowls, bees, farm implements, and 
machinery. 

Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $12,083.96. 

Lines of work. — Variety and fertilizer experiments with spring 
wheat, oats, barley, peas, Indian corn, and other farm and garden 
crops; rotation experiments; experiments with flowers, ornamental 
trees, shrubs, forest trees, and fruits; feeding experiments; experi- 
ments with brome grass and various grass mixtures to prevent the 
drifting of soil, and meteorological observations. 

Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces, Nappan, Nova Scotia. 

Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William 
Saunders, director of the experimental farms. 

Station staff. — R. Robertson, Supt.; W. S. Blair, Ilort. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. 

Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barn, and other farm buildings, 
farm containing 300 acres, 7 horses, 47 cattle, 70 swine, 49 sheep, fowls, 
bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. 



CANADA. 83 

Tncome.— Budget for 1899-1900, $15,326.66. 

Lines of work. — Rotation experiments; variety tests with cereals, 
root crops, legumes, hay and fodder crops; feeding experiments; 
investigation of various spraying mixtures; experiments with fruits 
and garden vegetables, and meteorological observations. 

Experimental Farm, Compton (Quebec). 

J. M. Lemoyne, Dir. 

Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph. 

Governing hoard. — The president of the college reports directly to 
the Provincial Minister of Agriculture, Hon. John Dryden. 

Station staff. — Geo. C. Creelman, Pres.; H. H. Dean, Dairy Huso.; 
C. A. Zavitz, Expt.; J. Hugo Reed, Vet.; G. E. Day, Agr. and 
Farm S>/j>t.; H. L. Hutt, Sort.; J. B. Reynolds, Phys. and Lot. in 
Engl.; F. C. Harrison, Bad. and Libr.; W. Lochhead, Biol. <</id 
Geol.; R. Harcourt, Chem.; W. R. Graham, Mgr. and Led . Poultry 
Dept.; H. R. Row some, Led. in Apiculture; M. W. Doherty, Assoc. 
Biol.; W. P. Gamble, Assoc. Chem.; M. dimming, Assoc. Agr.; 
W. J. Rutherford, Dean of Residence and Led. in Engl, and Math.; 
H. Streit, Asst. Bad.; W. C. Good, Asst. Chem.; Alice Rowsome, 
Asst. Libr. and Lnstr. in French and German; T. D. Jarvis, Fellow 
in Biol.; G. B. McCalla, Fellow in Phys.; P. W. Hodgetts, Fellow 
in Ilort.; Capt. Walter Clark, Drill and Gymnastics; S. Springer, 
Bursar; B. S. Pickett, Sec.; Annie Hallet, Sten.; F. K. Dougherty, 
Dept. Sten.; W. O. Stewart, Physician. 

Origin. — The college was founded in 1874. 

Equipment. — College laboratories, greenhouses, stables, poultry 
buildings, cheese factory, creamery, etc., and farm of 550 acres, of 
which nearly 50 acres are divided into about 2,000 experiment plats. 

Lncome,— Budget for college and farm in 1901, $88,752.03. Of this 
amount, $24,756.36 was received from fees, sale of products, etc., and 
the remainder, $63,995.67, was provided by the Government. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in butter making, cheese making and 
curing, feeding cattle, sheep, and swine, and feeding and rearing 
poultiw; experiments with varieties of grain, root, tuber, grass, 
clover, fodder, silage, and miscellaneous crops; with artificial, green, 
and farnryard manure; with methods of cultivation, selection of seed, 
dates of seeding, etc.; with varieties of berries, currants, tomatoes, 
flowers, and bedding plants; anatysis of sugar beets, dairy products, 
fertilizers, and farm crops; investigation of plant and animal diseases, 
foul brood in bees, and the bacteriology of butter making and cheese 
making. 



84 XPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, Guelph. 

Governing board. — Board of Control: T. Gr. Raynor (Pres.), Pose- 
hall; Nelson Monteith (Y.-Pres.), Stratford, Ont.; C. A. Zavitz (Sec. 
and Editor, Agr. College), Guel/ph; II. L. Hutt (Treas. Agr. College), 
Guelph,' James Mills, G. C. Creelman, Thomas Mason, E. C. Drury, 
and L. 8. Klinck, Dirs. 

Staff. — The following directors of experimental work, who are 
assisted by other members of the Union: C. A. Zavitz, Agr.; Prof. 
H. L. Hutt, Hort.; Prof. William Lochhead, Econ. Bat., and Ent.; 
W. R. Graham, Poultry. 

Origin. — The Union was organized in 1880. A definite system of 
cooperative experimental work was arranged in 1884. The Union 
conducts a large number of cooperative experiments in all parts of the 
province, for which it furnishes materials free of cost to the farmer 
and exacts reports at the end of the season. In 1886 twelve experi- 
menters participated in this work, and in 1902 the number reached 
3,787, representing every county and district in Ontario. 

Income. — For 1902, $1,550 (Government grant, $1,100; membership 
fees, $150). 

Lines of work. — Cooperative experiments mostly variety tests, with 
varieties that have proved valuable at the Ontario Agricultural College. 
In 1902 these experiments (variety tests and other experiments) included 
the following: Agricultural experiments with grain, root, forage, 
fodder, silage, and hay crops, garden vegetables, and fertilizers; horti- 
cultural experiments with gooseberries, currants, blackberries, raspber- 
ries, and strawberries; entomological experiments in cooperation 
with the Ontario Fruit Experiment Stations; experiments in economic 
botany, soil physics, poultiy raising, forestry, and beekeeping. The 
results of successfully conducted experiments are printed annually 
by the Department of Agriculture, Toronto, Ontario, and the reports 
distributed free. 

Ontario Fruit Experiment Stations. 

Governing hoard. — Representing the college: G. C. Creelman, 
Guelph; H. L. Hutt, Guelph. Representing the Ontario Fruit 
Growers' Association: Hamilton Pettitt, Grimsby; W. M. Orr, Fruit- 
land; W. H. Bunting, St. Catharines; Linus Woolverton, Grimsby. 

Executive committee. — James Mills, Chair.; Linus Wolverton, Sec; 
H. L. Hutt, Official Visitor. 

Through the cooperation of the Ontario Agricultural College and 
Experimental Farm and the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, fifteen 
experimental fruit stations are maintained on private farms in different 
parts of the province. The name, location, special line of work, and 
experimenter in charge of each station arc shown in the table which 
follows. 



CANADA. 



85 



No. 



Location. 



Experimenter. 



Specialty. 



Southwestern 

Niagara 

Wentworth 

Burlington 

Lake Huron 

Georgian Bay 

Simcoe 

East Central 

Bay of Quinte 

St. Lawrence 

Strawberry substa 

tion. 
Gooseberry substa 

tion. 

Algoma 

Wabigoon 



Leamington . . . 
St. Catharines . 

Winona 

Freeman 

Walkerton 



Clarksburg . 
Craighurst . 



Whitby . . 
Trenton . , 
Maitland . 
Guelph . . . 



Nantyr . . 
Grimsby . 



Richards Landing. 
Dryden 



W.W. Hilborn. 



Murray Pettit 

A. W. Peart 

A. E. Sherrington . 



J.G.Mitchell. 
G. C. Caston . . 



R. L. Huggard.. 
W. H. Dempsey. 
Harold Jones. . . 
E. B. Stevenson. 

Stanley Spillut . 

L. Woolverton.. 



Charles Young 
A. E. Annis 



Peaches. 

Tender fruits. 

Grapes. 

Blackberries and currants. 

Raspberries and commercial 

apples. 
Plums. 
Hardy apples and hardy 

cherries. 
Pears and commercial apples. 
Apples. 

Hardy plums a Jd hardy pears. 
Strawberries. 

Gooseberries. 

Cherries and general collec- 
tion of fruits for descriptive 
work. 

Hardy fruits. 
Do. 



Botanic Garden, Ottawa." 
Prof. John Macoun, Dominion Bot. 

Provincial Farm, Truro. 

Governing hoard. — B. W. Chipman, Sec. of Agr. 

Staff.- F. L. Fuller, Farm Mgr. 

Equipment. — Experimental farm with farm buildings, including a 
dairy house, farm machinery, about 44 head of cattle, 6 horses, 10 
pigs, and a flock of poultry. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with field crops for the purpose of 
testing improved varieties and various systems of rotation; experi- 
ments in breeding and feeding cattle, swine, and poultry, and fertilizer 
experiments. 

Nova Scotia School of Horticulture, Wolfville. 

Governing hoard. — Pres. J. W. Bigelpw, of the Nova Scotia Fruit 
Growers' Association, and a committee of ten appointed by that asso- 
ciation. 

Staff. — F. C. Sears, Dir.j an assistant; a gardener. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' 
Association. 

Equipment. — A laboratory furnished with microscopes, bacteriolog- 
ical, chemical, and entomological apparatus; class room, library, green- 
house, garden of half an acre, and an orchard of 2 acres. 

liicoiiu . — Two thousand dollars from the provincial treasury. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with apples, pears, plums, cherries, 
peaches, nuts, and small fruits; also experiments in spraying, fertil- 
izers for orchards, cover crops, pruning at different seasons, methods 
of preparing fungicides and insecticides, treatment of apple canker. 



"Sec Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



86 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES* 

The director of the school also has joint oversight, with the Secre- 
tary of Agriculture, B. W. Chipman, of the model orchards which are 
being established in each county of the province. The appropriation 
for this work is $1,000 per annum, and three 2-acre orchards are to 
be established in each county. Fourteen have already been planted 
and are to be under government control for ten years, the nursery 
stock being furnished by the government and all labor performed by 
the owner of the land, who receives all crops raised in the orchard and 
at the expiration of ten years assumes full control. 

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 

Department of Agriculture, Cape Town. 

Charles Currey. Under Sec. of Agr.; W. Hammond Tooke, Asst. 
Under Sec, Chief Clerk, and Accounting Officer; Duncan Hutcheon, 
V. S., Colon. Vet. Surgeon; nine assistant veterinary surgeons; P. 
MacOwan, D. Sc, Govt. Bot. and Cur. of Govt. Herb.; C. P. Louns- 
bury, B. 8c, Govt. Ent.; one assistant entomologist; J. D. F. Gil- 
christ, Ph. D., Govt. Biol.; A. G. Davison, Chief Insp. of Sheep; 
three agricultural assistants; F. D. MacDermott, Editor Agricultural 
Journal; four conservators of forests; a forest surveyor; inspectors 
of mines and claims; a superintendent of government guano islands, 
and a surve3 T or-general. 

The Colonial Department of Agriculture is charged with the admin- 
istration of the land laws of the colony and of the Crown forests, dia- 
mond and other mines and mineral deposits, geological explorations 
and irrigation and water supply, all formerly attached to the Depart- 
ment of Crown Lands and Public Works, and it has also taken over 
from the colonial secretary's division all matters dealt with by the for- 
mer Department of Agriculture, including all matters in the hands of 
the Government connected with the agricultural and pastoral interests 
of the colony, notably wool growing; improvement in the breeds of 
stock, including horses; diseases and insect pests affecting animals and 
plants; viticulture, wine making, fruit culture, and tobacco culture. 
It administers the Scab and Animal Diseases Acts, the Fishery and 
Game Laws, and the funds voted by Parliament for the above services 
for agricultural societies, and for public parks and gardens. It pub- 
lishes the Agricultural Journal, which is sent free to members of any 
agricultural society, and also pamphlets on a large number of subjects 
related to agriculture, which are sold at a nominal price. 

Government Analytical Laboratory, Cape Town. 

Governing board. — Colonial Secretary's Department. 
Staff. — Charles F. Juritz, M. A., Dir. and Senior Analyst ; J. Mi'il- 
ler, B. A. {Grahamstovm), J. Lewis, M. A., St. C. O. Sinclair, M. A., 



CEYLON. 87 

J. G. Rose, A. J. J. B. Simons, B. A., Assts.; three clerks; three 
laboratory helpers. 

Origin. — The laboratory in Cape Town was established in 1889 and 
reorganized in 1891. The branch laboratory at Grahamstown was 
established in 1902. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories, one at Cape Town and one at Gra- 
hamstown. 

Income,— For 1903, $9,639 (fees for analyses, $6,807; clerical work, 
$952; fines from vendors of adulterated food stuffs, $1,880). 

Lines of work. — Analyses of soils, fertilizers, sheep dips, minerals, 
etc., for the Department of Agriculture; of foods and drugs for the 
administrator of the Adulteration Act; of water for the railway 
department, health department, and municipal corporations; toxi- 
cological and chemico-legal investigations for the law department; 
oils for the railway stores department, and general \y all analytical 
work required by the customs and other government offices. 

Cape Government Herbarium, Cape Town.« 

P. MacOwan, Cur. 

School of Agriculture, Elsenburg. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Education. 

Staff. — William G. Mason, Erin., assisted by other members of the 
staff. 

Origin. — In 1900 a portion of the school farm was fenced and 
drained for an experiment station. 

Equipment. — Certain portions of the school farm are set aside for 
field experiments. 

Lines of work. — Investigations with manures on the various crops 
grown at the Cape; variety tests of forage and other crops; tests of 
newly introduced plants and experiments with fruits. 

CEYLON. 

Department of Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. a 

Staff. — John C. Willis, Dir. and Bot.; J. B. Carruthers, Asst. Dir. 
and My e.; E. Ernest Green, Ent.; M. K. Bamber, Chem.; R. H. Lock, 
Sci, Asst.; H. Wright, in charge of Expt. Sta,; H. F. McMillan, Cur. 

Origin. — Founded in 1821; considerably extended in recent years; 
experiment station established in 1902. 

Equipment. — New laboratory building containing four laboratories, 
director's office, and dark room; conservatory, fern house, and other 
buildings containing herbarium, library, and museum; botanic gar- 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



88 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

dens covering 150 acres and experiment station of 500 acres at Pera- 
deniya, and branch botanic gardens at Anuradhapuya (D. F. de Silva. 
Con.), Badulla (D. T. de Alwis, Con.), Hakgala (William Nock, Our.), 
Henaratgoda (W. Perera, Con.), and Nuwara Eliya (D. Michael, Con.). 
There are also branch laboratories at Hakgala and Henaratgoda. 

Income.— For 1903, $28,000. 

Lines of work. — The introduction and cultivation of new economic 
plants, ornamental plants, fruits, and trees; experiments in methods 
of cultivation and preparation of products; investigations in vegetable 
pathology and economic entomolog}'; explorations and study of local 
flora, and of general tropical botany, vegetable physiology, etc.; col- 
lection and preservation of herbarium specimens, and meteorological 
observations. The laboratories are open to scientific workers from 
other countries, for whom accommodation is reserved. The depart- 
ment publishes annually reports and numerous circulars for the 
instruction of the people of Ceylon. 

CHILE. 

Agronomic Station, Chemical Laboratory, and Veterinary Hospital of the 
Normal School of Agriculture (Quinta Normal de Agricultura), Santiago. 

Governing board. — Committee of the Ministry of Industry and 
Public Works. 

Station staff. — Rene F. Le Feuvre, Dir. andAgr.; Enrique Taulis, 
Dir. of the Agron. Sta. and Chem.; Julio Besnard, Dir. of the Zoot. 
Lab.; Horacio Concha, Agr. Engin.; assistants and helpers. 

Origin. — The Quinta Normal de Agricultura comprises four sections 
or departments: (1) The college of agriculture, established in 1876, 
including the agronomic station, the laboratory of zootechnics and 
vaccine, and the veterinary hospital; (2) the institute of practical agri- 
culture; (3) the department of parks, gardens, and aquarium; and (4) 
the department of administration and accounts. Only the first section 
is engaged in experimental work. 

Equipment. — The equipment of the Quinta Normal inventories at 
$2,600,000; that of the college of agriculture at $123,200, the latter 
including a chemical laboratory, a laboratory of zootechnics and vac- 
cine, and a veterinary hospital. In the experimental work use is also 
made of the experimental fields, orchards, vineyards, and other equip- 
ment of the Quinta Normal. 

Income. — The receipts of the whole institution vary from $60,000 to 
$80,000 per annum. This money is turned into the Government 
treasury, and Congress makes annual appropriations for the support 
of the institution. The appropriation for 1901 was $180,747.25. 
From the total appropriation the governing board makes apportion- 
ments for the support of each department. 



CUBA DENMARK. 89 

Lines of tvork. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, and seeds; investi- 
gations in animal and plant physiology and pathology; and the 
improvement of methods of culture. The station manufactures vaccine, 
introduces and tests new plants, new farm machinery, and new breeds 
of live stock, and in every way possible strives to improve the condition 
of agriculture in Chile. 

CUBA. 

Central Experiment Station, Santiago de Las Vegas. 

Governing board. — The station is under the general supervision of 
the Secretary of Public Works, who is also at the present time Acting- 
Secretary of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — F. S. Earle, Dir.; N. S. Mayo, V.-Dir., Animal 
Hush.; Francisco Cruz, Agr.; C. F. Austin, B. S., Hort.; E. W. 
Halstead, Asst. Hort.; Dr. Mel T. Cook, Veg. Path.; W. T. Home, 
Asst. Veg. Path.; C. F. Baker, Bot.; Percy Wilson, Asst. Hot. 
Experts in animal industry, chemistry and soil physics are to be 
appointed. 

Origin. — Established in 1904. 

Equipment. — The station is located on a tract of 180 acres of land, 
containing a large stone building, which was at one time a Spanish bar- 
racks and more recently has been occupied by an industrial school for 
orphan boys which has now been moved to the city of Habana. The 
land is old and worn, but in many respects is typical. 

Income. — For 1904 a government appropriation of $75,000. 

Lines of work. — At the present time the station is in process of 
organization. Six departments have been provided, for, as follows: 
(1) Agriculture; (2) animal industry, including veterinary science; (3) 
horticulture; (4) chemistiy and soil physics; (5) botany; and (6) vege- 
table pathology, including entomology. 

DENMAEK. 
Department of Agriculture, Copenhagen. 

His Excellency Ole Hansen, Minis, of Agr. 

H. C. O. Gram, Chief of the Bureau of Agr. 

The Danish Department of Agriculture was organized in May, 1896, 
but government aid for agricultural education and research dates 
from a much earlier period. For many years the Royal Danish Agri- 
cultural Society has been a powerful agency for the advancement of 
agricultural research in Denmark. In April, 1881, it began making 
appropriations for the Seed Control Station at Copenhagen, and five 
years later the Plant Culture Station at Tystofte, with its system of 
branch stations, was established under the auspices of this society. 
In former years it was chiefly through the agency of this society that 
the Government aided various agricultural enterprises, and at the 



90 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

present time the Department of Agriculture directs many of its efforts 
in aid of agriculture through the agency of this organization. Other 
societies also, chief among which is the Danish Heath Society, are the 
recipients of aid from the department. The Royal Veterinary and 
Agricultural College, with its research laboratories, and the Seed Con- 
trol Station in Copenhagen are now under the direct control of the 
Department of Agriculture. 

Moor Experiment Stations of the Danish Heath Society, Aarhus. 

Governing board. — Under the direction of a committee of twenty. 

Station staff. — Th. Claudi Westh, Dir.; *A. Mentz, Bot.; seven agri- 
cultural assistants. 

Origin. — The society was founded in 1866 and the moor experiment 
stations in 1889. 

Income.— In 1900 the income of the society was $81,432.62 ($69,- 
333.33 from the State),' and that of the Division of Moors and Mead- 
ows, $21,415.47 ($8,133.33 from the State). 

Lines ofwo?'k. — Moor experiments on two large fields (865 acres 
and 124 acres); meadow experiments on one large field (247 acres); 
demonstration moor stations on 458 private fields; chemical, botanical, 
and agricultural investigations on the moor and meadow areas of the 
countr}* ; free instruction to farmers. 

Experiment Station, Ascov. 
F. Hansen, Dir. 
(See Experiment Station, Tystofte, p. 92.) 

Agricultural and Experimental Laboratory of the Royal Veterinary and 
Agricultural College, Copenhagen. 

Governing board. — Under control of the Royal Veterinary and 
Agricultural College, which in turn is under the Department of 
Agriculture. 

Station staff.— F. Friis, Dir.; Prof. V. S. Storch, Chem.; Prof. 
B. L. F. Bang and C. O. Jensen, Chiefs of Boot. Labs.; Dr. V. 
Henriques, Chief of Physiol. Lab.; eleven assistants and an accountant. 

Origin. — Dairy investigations at the Royal Veterinary and Agri- 
cultural College were begun by Prof. N. J. Fjord in ] 872, but the 
origin of the Agricultural Experimental Laboratory as a separate 
institution dates from 1883, at which time the Government expended 
$33,000 in the erection of a laboratory building and placed Professor 
Fjord in charge as director. After the death of Professor Fjord in 
1891, F. Friis became director of the laboratory. 

Equipment. — Main building, containing a chemical laboratory, 
several large offices and suites of rooms for the director and the chief 
of the chemical laboratory; a building for butter exhibitions, with 



DENMARK. 91 

adjoining ice house; a building containing two bacteriological labora- 
tories, a physiological (animal) laboratory, and a room for the cultiva- 
tion of tubercle bacilli and the production of tuberculin. 

Income. — The total budget of the laboratory for 1902, including the 
appropriation for butter exhibitions, was $37,530, all of which was 
appropriated by the State. 

Lines of work. — The most important investigations of the laboratory 
have been those connected with the dairy industry, especially the 
comparative feeding experiments with milch cows, which were begun 
in 1887 by Professor Fjord and are still being carried on. These 
experiments have been conducted on such a large scale and with such 
care in every detail that the results are considered conclusive. The 
other work of the laboratory includes feeding experiments with pigs, 
investigations on tuberculosis in daily animals and its eradication, the 
manufacture of tuberculin, and the study and testing of machinery 
and apparatus used in dairying. The laboratory also has charge of 
butter exhibitions, which entail an annual expenditure of about 
$10,700, and which have been instrumental in developing a large 
export trade in butter. Reports are published as often as results of 
sufficient importance are obtained. 

Chemical Laboratory and Control Station, Copenhagen. 

Station staff. — Prof. V. Stein, Dir. 

Origin. — This is a private laboratory. Most of the work done is for 
the Royal Danish Agricultural Society. 

Lines of work. — Dairy investigations; analysis of feeding stuffs, fer- 
tilizers, dairy products, soils, marls, root crops, etc. The number of 
samples analyzed each year is between 7,000 and 10,000, of which 
about two-thirds are dairy products. 

Seed Control Station, Copenhagen. 

Governing hoard. — Seed control commission of six members, appointed 
by the State. 

Station staff. — K. Dorph-Petersen, Dir.; three assistants, eight 
helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1871 by E. Moller-Holst, who maintained it 
until 1881, when the Royal Danish Agricultural Society made an 
annual appropriation of $268 and later $536 for its support. In 1883 
the Government began making appropriations for the station, and in 
1891 assumed full control and appointed O. Rostrup, director. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, seed-testing apparatus, collection of seeds, 
reference library, and trial field. 

Income. — Government subsidy of about $2,000 per annum and fees. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds. The number of seed 
samples analyzed since 1871 aggregates about 10,000. 



92 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology of the Royal Veterinary and Agri- 
cultural College, Copenhagen. 

Station staff. — Prof. \V. Johannsen, Dir. 

Dining the last five or six years Professor Johannsen, plant physi- 
ologist of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College, has con- 
ducted important investigations at the college botanical laboratory. 
Among his studies are those concerning the relation of weight to 
nitrogen content of barley, variation and improvement of barley, 
ripening of seed, etc. Professor Johannsen succeeded recently in 
shortening the resting period of various plants by exposing the buds 
or bulbs for twenty-four hours to an atmosphere saturated with chlo- 
roform or ether vapors. This accomplishment is considered an 
important one, and the subject is being studied by other European 
investigators. 

Carlsberg Physiological Laboratory, Copenhagen. 

Prof. E. C. Hansen, Dir. 

The lines of investigation pursued at this laboratory include physi- 
ological and morphological studies of alcoholic ferments, studies of 
variation in yeasts, biological investigations with mushrooms and other 
fungi, and study of the life history of numerous micro-organisms. 

Experiment Station, Lyngby. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of the Royal Danish Agricultural 
Society. 

Station staff . — K. Hansen, Dir.; J. C. Larsen, 1st Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1890 by the Society for the Improvement 
of Agriculture; transferred to the control of the State in 1893. 

Equipment. — Plant house, laboratory for root analyses, and other 
buildings; experiment fields covering 25 acres, and implements for 
making culture experiments. 

Income.— For 1902, $3,216 (State $2,680; other sources, $536). 

Lines of work. — Comparative culture experiments with field crops; 
experiments in using different quantities of seed and in sowing at 
different times; improvement of cultivated plants; investigation of 
plant diseases; supervision of local fertilizer experiments and demon- 
stration field. (See Experiment Station, Tystofte, below.) 

Experiment Station, Tystofte. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of the Royal Danish Agricultural 
Society. 

St, if inn staff. — N. P. Nielsen, Dir. 

Origin. The experiment station at Tystofte was established in 1886, 
and is the principal Danish station in plant culture. It has a farm of 



EGYPT FRANCE. , 93 



54 acres and is maintained by the State. Branch stations engaged in 
similar work are located at Ascov, Lyngby, and Vester-Hassing, 
where soil conditions are very different than at Tystof te. 

Income. — The four stations cost the Government $10,500 a year. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests with cereals, legumes, root crops; rota- 
tion and fertilizer experiments; investigation of methods of culture, 
and hybridization. 

Experiment Station, Vester-Hassing. 

A. J. Hansen, Dir. 

(See Experiment Station, Tystof te, p. 92.) 

EGYPT. 

Khedivial Agricultural Society, Cairo. 

George P. Foaden, Sec. 

This society was organized in 1898, under the patronage of the Khe- 
dive, for the promotion of agricultural investigations on seeds, plants, 
fertilizers, domestic animals, insects, and birds. It has established ex- 
perimental farms atGhiseh and Mit-el-Diba, and has conducted fertilizer 
experiments with cotton at these places and at many other places in 
cooperation with farmers. Results are published in the Journal of 
the Khedivial Agricultural Society. 

FRANCE. 

Ministry of Agriculture, Paris. 

Jean Dupuy, Minis, of Agr.; L. Vassilliere, Dir. Dept. of Agr.; 
Daubree, Dir. Dept. of For.; Philippe, Dir. Dept. of Agr. Hydraul- 
ics; Hornez, Dir. Dept. of Horse Breeding; L. Grandeau, Insp. Gen. 
of Agr. Stas. 

The French Ministry of Agriculture was created in 1881 and com- 
prises four departments, each of which is subdivided into several 
bureaus. The ministry controls and directs the whole system of insti- 
tutions for agricultural education and research, grants subsidies for 
their support, and publishes reports of their operations. The official 
publication of the ministry is the Bulletin du Ministere de V Agricul- 
ture, in which appear all official laws, decrees, and reports of the min- 
istry, besides agricultural statistics and numerous papers on agricultural 
subjects. There are also several journals, such asA/i nales de la Science 
Agronomique and Annates Agronomique-s, which are published under 
the auspices of the ministry and contain reports of stations and labora- 
tories and papers on agricultural subjects. 

The agricultural stations and laboratories of France are under the 
general direction of an officer of the Ministry of Agriculture, the 
inspector-general of agricultural stations and laboratories. Prof. L. 



94 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Grandeau has held this position since its creation in 1882. The institu- 
tions under the direction of the inspector-general are of two general 
classes, (1) agricultural stations, which are engaged principally in 
research work; and (2) agricultural laboratories, which are engaged in 
analytical work for farmers, research work being only incidental, if 
done at all. 

Experiment Station for Sericulture, Alais, Gard. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — G. Mozziconacci, D'n\ 

Origin. — Established April 1,1897, by the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — A micrographic laboratory, including library and col- 
lections; a small chemical laboratory with dark room; a room contain- 
ing an experimental vat to prepare silk for reeling, and apparatus for 
breeding; three nurseries for silkworms; a room in which mulberry 
leaves are kept during the breeding of worms; a class room. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,100.10 (Ministry of Agriculture, $868.50; 
department, $115.80; town of Alais, $115.80). 

Lines of work. — Investigations in the breeding, rearing, and treat- 
ment of silkworms. Gratuitous instruction in the various features of 
silk production is given to all who apply. 

Agricultural Station, Amiens, Somme. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff . — Roger, Dir.; Roullier, Lab. Asst.; several assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1879 by the General Assembly of Somme. 

Equipment. — The station is installed in a rented building, which con- 
tains an office, a laboratory, and a dark room. There is also a shed 
and an experimental field. 

Lncome.— For 1903, $2,123.42 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; town, 
$96.50; department, $1,640.92). 

Lines of work. — Cultural and manurial experiments with field crops; 
irrigation investigations; variety tests; experiments with commercial 
fertilizers; the making of agricultural maps, and analyses of fertilizers, 
soils, feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

Agricultural Station, Arras, Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing board. — Department of Pas-de-Calais. 

Station staff. — Vuaflart, Dir.; Delattre, First Asst. Chem.; Lefort, 
Second Asst. Chem.; Echard, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. -Founded in 1869, under the direction of A. Pagnoul and 
with the cooperation of the town, the department, and the Ministry of 
Agriculture. Until 1883 it was connected with the college at Arras; 
then it was made a departmental establishment, installed in buildings 



FRANCE. 95 

erected especially for its use, and given the name of the Agricultural 
Station of Pas-de-Calais. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building, including museum; twoanalytical 
laboratories ; director's private laboratory ; office, storerooms, dark room, 
conservatory, and other rooms, with complete apparatus for meteoro- 
logical observations. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,856.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, $482.50; 
department, $2,373.90). 

Lines of work. — Analyses forthe public; meteorological observations; 
research work, including experiments with field crops with and with- 
out manure, soil investigations, experiments with commercial fertilizers, 
especially nitrates and phosphates. 

Agricultural Station, Auxerre, Yonne. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 
Station staff. — Eug. Rousseaux, Dir.; C. J. B. Brioux, Chem. 
Origin. — Established in 1882 by the Department of Yonne. 
Equipment. — Four laboratory rooms. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,833.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; 
department, $772; fees, $289.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of waters, soils, and fertilizers. 

Agricultural Station, Banyuls, Pyrenees-Orientales. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Paris Faculty 
of Sciences. 

Station staff. — Delay e, Dir.,' a mechanician, a doorkeeper, a boat- 
man, 4 sailors, and a cabin boy. 

Origin. — Established in 1881, through the cooperation of Depart- 
ment of Pyrenees-Orientales and the town of Ban}^uls. 

Equipment. — Fifty rooms in a building belonging to the State, a 
steamboat, 3 sailboats, aquariums, and a large experimental fish pond. 

Income.— For 1902, $328.10 (Ministry of Agriculture, $231.60; the 
town, $96.50). The Ministry of Public Instruction pays salaries and 
laboratory expenses. 

Lines of work. — Research work in agriculture. 

Enological Station of Bourgogne, Beaune, C6te-d'Or. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — L. Mathieu, Dir.; Ch. Billon and R. de Saint-Andeol, 
Lah. Assts.; F. E. Carimentran, Sec; P. Fevre, Form. A committee 
of 40 wine tasters have control of the practical experiments executed 
by the station. 

Origin. — Established August 10, 1900, by the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture. During the year 1901, $28,950 was raised by the town of Beaune, 



96 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

$8,685 by the Department of Cote d'Or, and $5,790 by private sub- 
scription for the erection of buildings and the purchase of equipment. 

Equipment. -Three laboratory rooms, one provided with special 
apparatus for making analyses of wines and one with microscopes, 
incubators, and other bacteriological apparatus; a cooper shop, and 
two experiment cellars with 104 casks and 654 bottles. 

Income. — Budget from the Ministry of Agriculture for 1902, $1,930. 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigations in the different processes 
of wine making. The station has made important experiments in 
sterilizing wines by heating and filtering. 

Agricultural Station of Oise, Beauvais, Oise. 

Governing hoard. — The station is connected with the Agricultural 
Institute of Beauvais and is under the immediate direction of the 
director of the institute and the general supervision of a station coun- 
cil, consisting of the director, several members of the institute staff, 
and a delegate from each agricultural society of Oise. 

Station staff. — Frere Paulin, Dir., Ayr. Met.; M. Leluy, Frere 
Natal, and M. Milon. ('hem*. A number of other instructors of the 
institute assist in the station work. 

Origin. — Founded in 1873 at Beauvais with the cooperation of the 
five societies of agriculture of the department, the Society of Agricul- 
ture of France, the Consul-General of the department, and the Ministry 
of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus of the institute. 

Lines of work. — Analyses for farmers and manufacturers, including 
analyses of soils, commercial fertilizers, manures, feeding stuffs, farm 
crops, milk, waters, products of the vine, minerals, seeds, and grasses. 

Agricultural Station of Franche-Comte, Besangon, Doubs. 

Station staff. — Parmentier, Dir.; Bruchon, Chief Div. of Bad. and 
Hygiene. 

Established by ministerial decree of July 18, 1901, at the University 
of Besancon. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Bethune, Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Agricultural 
Society of Bethune. 

Station staff. — Ponnelle, Dir.; one assistant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1877, and until 1889 connected with the chem- 
ical laboratory of the college at Bethune; now entirely independent. 

Equipment. — A laboratory provided and kept in repair by the town, 
and an agricultural library open to farmers at certain hours. 

Income.— For 1902, $434.25 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; Agri- 
cultural Society of Bethune, $9.65; fees, $231.60). 



B^RANCE. 97 

Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural products, oil cakes, fertil- 
izers, beets, waters, wines, and beer; study of the soils and of the 
principal crops of the department, such as grain, beets, tobacco, and flax. 

Agricultural Station at Blois, Loir-et-Cher. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Vezin, Dir.; Fallot, V.-Dir. and Chem.; Barrau, 
Lah. Asst. ; Jenlin, Helper. 

Origin. — Established in August, 1887, by the General Assembly of 
Loir-et-Cher. 

Equipment. — A departmental building containing seven rooms, and 
an experiment field containing about \\ acres. 

Income.— For 1900, $2,856.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, $868.50; 
department, $1,312.40; fees, $675.50). 

Lines of work. — Field experiments with the principal field crops of 
the department, supplemented by laboratory studies of the same; 
analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, flours, chocolates, wines, etc., and 
the making of agricultural maps. 

Agricultural and Enological Station, Bordeaux, Gironde. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Bordeaux Fac- 
ulty of Sciences. 

Station staff.— U. Gay on, Dir.; Laborde, V.-Dir.; a laboratory 
assistant and two helpers. 

Origin. — Founded September 21, 1880, by the Ministry of Agri- 
culture. 

Equipment. — Agricultural chemical laboratory provided by the 
Department of Gironde. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,509 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,621.20; 
Ministry of Public Instruction, $366.70; department, $250.90; fees, 
$270.20). 

Lines of work. — Laboratory research work, including analytical and 
bacteriological investigation of the principal agricultural products of 
the department, such as sugar, wine, and grain; analytical work for 
the people of the department. The analyses are gratuitous for agri- 
cultural societies, committees, and officers, and for engineers and officers 
elected by the department. 

Fish Culture Station, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Cligny, Dir.; a vice-director, a doorkeeper, three 
fishermen. 

5368— No. 112—04 7 



98 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. —Established July 30, 1883, on a part of the public domain, 
by the Minisl ry of Agriculture cooperating- with the town of Boulogne- 
sur-Mer and the Chamber of Commerce. 

Equipment. — Aquarium room, experimental laboratory, sheds, fish- 
ing apparatus, and museums. A boat belonging to the Government is 
at the disposal of the station. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,219.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in breeding and protecting fish in the 
rivers and seaboard waters of northern France; experiments in stock- 
ing the waters with salmon and other fish; studies of the natural 
history of the most important fishes of the country, of methods of 
preserving nets, of frozen herring for use as bait, and of other 
problems that appear to be important in producing and handling fish. 
Agricultural Laboratory, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Pas-de-Calais. 

Station staff . — Bruno, Dir.; Sergent, Asst. Chem.; Fourrey. Lab. 
Asst. 

Origin. — Established January 5, 1888, in connection with the Fish 
Culture Station at this place; independent since 1895. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories in buildings furnished by the Depart- 
ment of Pas-de-Calais for the F'ish Culture Station. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,930 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- 
ment, $579; fees, $772). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of food products, soils, fertilizers, waters, 
and butter. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Bourg-en-Bresse, Ain. 

L. J. G rand voin net, Dir. 

Agricultural Station, Caen, Calvados. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Caen Faculty of 
Sciences. 

Station staff.— M. Louise, Dir.; Paisnel, Lah. Asst. 

Origin. — Established by Isidore Pierre. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories. 

Income.— -For 1902, $1,177.-30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $530.75; 
Ministry of Public Instruction, $376.35; Department of Calvados, 
$151.40; Department of Manche, $115.80). 

lints of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, 
and dairy products. 

Pomological Station, Caen, Calvados. 

Warcollier, Dir. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Capelle, Nord. 

Governing hoard. — The station is under the control of the proprie- 
tors, G. and F. Desprez. 



FRANCE. 99 

Station staff. — Paul Jenart, Supt.; two assistant chemists; two 
assistants in vegetable pathology ; four general assistants. 

Origin. — This station was established in 1854 in connection with the 
seed farm of Florimond Desprez and Viollette, and was the first station 
in Europe devoted to selection experiments with field crops. Begin- 
ning in 188S the station received for a number of years an annual sub- 
sidy of nearly $600 from the State, but this has been discontinued. 

Income. — Supported by the proprietors. 

Lines of work. — Seed testing; cultural, fertilizer, and variety tests 
with wheat, oats, sugar beets, potatoes, and other field crops; study of 
plant diseases; instruction to farmers along lines covered by the sta- 
tion investigations and in feeding farm animals. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Chalons, Marne. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Chappaz, Dir.; Haura, Chem.; Rounet, Asst. Chem. 

Origin. — Established August 25, 1887, by the General Assembly of 
Marne. 

Equipment. — A departmental building and an experimental field of 
about 2i acres. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,702 (Ministry of Agriculture, $289.50; depart- 
ment, $1,544; fees, $868.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, 
and beets. 

Agricultural Station, Chartres, Eure-et-Loir. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — C. V. Garola, Dir.; Braun, Lab. Asst.; Delafov, 
Clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1882 through the cooperation of the meteoro- 
logical commission and the Department of Eure-et-Loir. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories in a building belonging to the town, 
a vegetation house, and an experiment field. 

Income. — For 1900, $2,933.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; depart- 
ment, $579; fees, $1,582.60). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, etc., for farmers; 
experiments with field crops to test various fertilizers and methods of 
culture. 

Agricultural Station, Chateauroux, Indre. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 
Station staff . — Alia, Dir.; Baloux, Lab. Asst. 
Origin. — Established in 1S74 by Guinon. 

Equipment. — Five rooms in a rented building, 15 vegetation cases, 
and an experimental vineyard. 



100 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. For L902, $2,306.35 (Ministry of Agriculture, $907.10; 
department, $463.20; agricultural society, $434.25; fees, $501.80). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, lime, marls, fertilizers, water, and 
feeding stuffs. 

Agricultural Station, Cluny, Saone-et-lioire. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Paturel, Dir.; a laboratory assistant. 

Origin. — Established January 25, 1887, by Bernard, in cooperation 
with the department and the town, as a departmental laboratory. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing two laboratories and 
an office. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,119.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- 
ment, $540.40). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, wines, musts, 
feeding stuffs, and miscellaneous articles. 

Viticultural Station, Cognac, Charente. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — J. M. Guillon, Dir.; Gouirand, V.-Dir.; Brunaud, 
Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1874 under the auspices of the viticultural 
committee of the district of Cognac, with A. Conm as director. 
Brought under government control by ministerial decree of November 
7, 1892. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building, greenhouse and trial garden at 
Cognac, and demonstration fields in different parts of the district of 
Cognac. The laboratory building contains the director's office, chem- 
ical, micrographic, and bacteriological laboratories, and collections of 
botanical, geological, and zoological specimens. 

Income.— The Ministry of Agriculture provides funds for salaries, 
amounting in 1902 to $2,605.50, and the viticultural committee of the 
district of Cognac subscribes about $2,895 per annum for the support 
of the laboratoiy and field work. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of mildew, black rot, and other dis- 
eases of the vine, and of means for combating them; analysis of soils, 
fertilizers, insecticides, and wines; experiments in demonstration fields 
to test methods of culture and varieties of grapes, especially those that 
will resist attacks of phylloxera. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Commercy, Meuse. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prudhomme, Dir. 



FRANCE. 101 

Origin. — Established in 1877 by theCommercy Agricultural Society. 
Equipment. — Two rooms in a building furnished by the town. 
Income— For 1902, $295.29 (Ministry of Agriculture, $101.22; 
department, $86.85; Commercy Agricultural Society, $104.22). 
Lines of work. — Analysis of soils and fertilizers. 

Agricultural Station, Dijon, Cote-d'Or. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Dijon Faculty 
of Sciences. 

Station staff. — Recoura, Dir.; M. Billier and Chaussin, Lab. Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1881 upon the initiative of Duval, governor of 
C6te-d 1 Or, and Chapins, rector of the Academy of Dijon. 

Equipment. — Three laboratories connected with the academy. 

Income.— For 1900, $1,447.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; Min- 
istry of Public Instruction, $193; department, $482.50; fees, $193). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and agricultural products, 
variety tests and other field experiments to determine the best crops 
and methods of culture for the department. 

Marine Zoological Station, Endoume, Bouches-du-Rh6ne. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Marseille Fac- 
ulty of Sciences. 

Station staff. , Dir.; Gourret, V.-Dir.; a fisherman; 

a mechanician. 

Origin. — Established in 1887, at Endoume Point, on the site of the 
old battery of Lions, at the expense of the city of Marseille, with con- 
tributions from the Ministry of Public Instruction and the Department 
of Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Equipment. — Large study room with aquarium, physiological labo- 
ratory, laboratory for biological chemistry, three research laborato- 
ries, library, large underground reservoir, and complete apparatus 
for collecting, maintaining, and studying the marine fauna. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,026.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; Mar- 
seille Faculty of Sciences, $965; department, $289.50; city of Marseille, 
$386). 

Lines of work. — Instruction in zoology; scientific research; and 
work in applied zoology, such as investigation of the food of edible 
fish and of the enemies of sardines, mackerel, and other fish of com- 
mercial importance. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Epinal, Vosges. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the General Assem- 
bly of Vosges. 

Station staff.- — Jolly, Dir. 



102 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. Established October 1, 1888, at Remiremont by the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Vosges; transferred to Epinal October 1, L895. 

Equipment. Five rooms in a building of the Industrial School of 
Vosges, belonging- to the town. 

Income. For 1902, $675.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- 
ment, $182.50). 

Lint s of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, oil cakes, foods, 
and agricultural products. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Foix, Ariege. 

Governing hoard. — Ministrj^ of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Soula, Dir. 

< Origin. Established in 1881 by the Department of Ariege. 

Equipment. — A room in the Normal Institute at Foix, and an experi- 
ment field of about 7i acres. 

Income. -For 1902, $115.80 (Ministry of Agriculture, $57.90; depart- 
ment, $57.90). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, wines, and lime. 

Laboratory ofVegetable Physiology, Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne. 

Governing hoard. — Ministiy of Agriculture and the Paris Faculty of 
Sciences. 

Station staff. — Gaston Bonnier, Dir.; Dufour, Adjunct Dir.; two 
lal (oratory assistants; a foreman; two gardeners. 

Origin. — Established in 1890. 

Equipment. — A part of the Government domain, including fields and 
a park of 8£ acres, in which are located a laboratory building contain- 
ing 18 rooms and 6 other separate laboratories, and greenhouses. 

Income. For 1902, $3,512.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; Min- 
istry of Public Instruction, $2,952.90; department, $77.20; town, 
$96.50). 

Lines of work. — Agricultural experiments, investigations in plant 
physiology, and apiculture. 

Agricultural Station, Grignon, Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture — committee on agricul 
ture, L. Vassilliere and Dabat; the facult}^ of the National School of 
Agriculture. 

Station staff. , Dir.; Dupont, Chem.; Berthault. 

Agr.; Bretigniere, Awt. Agr. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equijnin id. Laboratories of the college 1 at Grignon, with which the 
station is connected; equipment for pot culture; lysimeter for study- 
ing drainage and irrigation waters, and experiment field. 

Income.— ~Fov 1902, $1,511 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 



FRANCE. 103 

Lines of work. — Investigation of fertilizers, soils, and field crops for 
the purpose of studying plant nutrition. Among the problems investi- 
gated may be mentioned the following: Exhaustion of arable land by 
continuous culture without manure; losses and gains of nitrogen in the 
soil; loss of nitrogen through drainage water; humic matter as a neces- 
sary food for certain plants; autumn catch crops as conservators of 
nitrogen; influence of cultivation and aeration of the soil on the activity 
of nitric ferments; influence of fall plowing; the conservation of soil 
moisture; effects of electric lights on plant growth; effects of summer 
fallowing; irrigation as affecting the necessary outlay for nitrogenous 
fertilizers. Results of the investigations are published in Annates 
Agronomiques. 

Station of Agricultural Climatology, Juvisy, Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the officers of the 
Observatory of Juvisy. 

Station staff. — Camille Flammarion, Dir.; Loisel, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established at the Observatory of Juvisy in 189-4 by 
Camille Flammarion. 

Equipment. — Work rooms; three hothouses, with blue, red, and 
green glass, respectively; one ordinary hothouse; meteorological and 
physical apparatus; an experimental field of Hi acres. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,235.20, from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Physical and meteorological researches, principally 
on solar rays and their action upon the phenomena of plant growth. 
Among the specific problems investigated are the following: The 
effect of solar rays on the development of plants; effect of different 
colored light upon the development, color, and transpiration of plants; 
the sun and its influence upon the temperature of the air and soil; the 
internal temperature of trees; action of electricity upon plant growth; 
rainfall and subterranean waters. 

Agricultural Station and Bacteriological Laboratory, Laon, Aisne. 

Governing board. — Mazuriez, Pres.; V. Vieville, V.-Pres.; Gen- 
tilliez, See.; Pelletier, Carre, Ermant, Dupuy, Letellier, Boulongne. 

St at ion stuff. — L. Gaillot, Dir. and Chem.; G. Brouet, L. Bour- 
don, and H. Rousset, Assts. Chem.; L. Lavoine, Agr. Engin. and 
Asst. in Bad.; M. Lefebvre, Sec; G. Lagrange, Porter. 

Origin.— Agricultural station opened October 1, 1889; bacteriologi- 
cal laboratory opened in 1895. 

Equipment. — Large general laboratory, small laboratory, room for 
balances and instruments of precision, dark room, director's office, 
cellars, granaries, meteorological apparatus, bacteriological laboratory; 
a garden, at the rear of which is a laboratory of vegetable pathology 



104 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

and physiology, and experiment fields at a distance of about one- 
half mile from the station. 

Income. For 1902, $6,369 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; local 
contributions, $3,088; analyses, $2,702). 

Lines of work. — Research work with Held crops and fertilizers in 
both laboratory and field; analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, and 
agricultural products; the testing of seeds and grains; meteorological 
observations applied to agriculture; investigation of bacterial diseases 
of man and beast, and of plant physiology and pathology. The 
director is consulting chemist, plant physiologist, and bacteriologist 
of the department, inspector of fertilizers and butter, and has charge 
of agricultural-geological maps made for the department. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Laval, Mayenne. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — H. Leizour, Dir.; Masseron. Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established December 29, 1880, by the General Assembly 
of Mayenne. 

Equipment. — A rented building containing five rooms. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,563.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- 
ment, $1,254.50; fees, $115.80). 

Lines of work. — Almost exclusively the gratuitous analysis and con- 
trol of fertilizers. A few analyses of agricultural products are made, 
and for these fees are exacted. 

Zoological Laboratory, Les Sables d'Olonne, Vendee. 

Governing hoard . — The laboratory is a private institution under full 
control of the director, but is under the patronage of the ministries 
of agriculture and the navy and of the municipality of Les Sables 
d'Olonne. 

Stat 'mi, staff. — Ainedee Odin, Dir. 

Origin. Established in 1892 by the director at his own expense. 

Equipment. — Two well-equipped laboratories; aquarium for physio- 
logical experiments with fish, oysters, crustaceans, etc.; boats and 
other fishing apparatus. 

Income. — For 1902, $57.90, from the General Assembly of the De- 
partment of Vendee. The director furnishes other necessary funds. 

Lines of work. — investigations and experiments with salt and fresh 
water fishes and other marine animals; analysis of marine .fertilizers, 
imported goods, and preserved and canned fish, etc. 

Agricultural Station, Lezardeau, near Quimperle, Finistere. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Lezardeau 
School of Practical Agriculture. 



FRANCE. 105 

Station staff. — J. Crochetelle, Dir. 

Or igim,.— Established January 1, 1873, in connection with the 
departmental chemical laboratory and the College of Irrigation and 
Drainage at Lezardeau. 

Equipment. — The station makes use of the college laboratories and 
has an experiment field. 

Income.— For 1902, $337.75 (Ministry of Agriculture, $289.50; 
department, $48.25). 

Lines of work. — Analyses, partly gratuitous, of fertilizers, soils, 
waters, feeding stuffs, apples, seeds, and agricultural products; experi- 
ments with fertilizers and with the principal agricultural products of 

the department. 

Agricultural Station, Lille, Nord. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — A. Dubernard, Dir.; Paulhiac, Asst.; two helpers. 

Origin. — Established in 1869 by Corenwinder. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment field. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,949.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; depart- 
ment, $579; fees, $984.30). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural products, soils, waters, 
feeding stuffs, seeds, and fertilizers; field experiments with fertilizers 
and the principal field crops of the department. 

Agricultural Station, Lyon, Rhone. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Lyon Faculty of 
Sciences. 

Station staff.— L. Vignon, Dir.; Couturier, V.-Dir.; Barrillot and 
Riche, Form.;' a field foreman. 

Origin. — Established in 1880 by Raulin, aided by the Ministry of 
Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in the Chemical Institute and an 
experimental field of about 7i acres at Pierre Benite. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,891.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; depart- 
ment, $772; agricultural society, $57.90; fees, $289.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils and fertilizers and the making of 
agricultural maps. 

Dairy Station, Mamirolle, Doubs. 

Station staff. — Houdet, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Dairy investigations, cheese making, and feeding 
experiments. 

Sericultural Station, Manosque, Basses-Alpes. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the special professor 
of agriculture at Manosque 



106 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Station .staff. H nindi, Dvr. 

Origin. — Established August 6, L892, by the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture. 

Equipment.— Two laboratory rooms. 

Income— For 1902, $289.50, from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Research work in silk husbandry. 

Agricultural Station, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Staff. — Gassend, Dir.; two laboratory assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1888 b}' Gassend at his own expense. 

Equipment. — Six rooms and an experimental field near Aix. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,316 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; fees, 
$1,737). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, feeding stuffs, 
grains, sugar, explosives, and food products. 

Laboratory for Technical Tests, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhone. 

Governing hoard. — The Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry 
of Foreign Affairs. 

Station staff. — E. Milliau, Dir.; Lefeuvre, Form.; four laboratory 
assistants. 

Origin. — Established May 26, 1891, by the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Eight laboratory rooms. 

Income.— For 1902, $8,974.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; Min- 
istry of Foreign Affairs, $289.50; fees, $8,106). 

lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, oil cakes, oils, 
butter, and other articles of commerce. 

Agricultural Station, Melun, Seine-et-Marne. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — A. Vivier, Dir.; Lapchin, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Organized and opened in 1887 by the General Assembly of 
Seine-et-Marne. 

Equipment. — Eight rooms in a departmental building and a small 
experimental field. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,798.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- 
ment, $1,447.50; fees, $772). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, analysis of soils, 
beets, milk, and water; laboratory research work, especially with wines; 
field experiments with various manures upon the principal field crops 
of the department, important among which is the sugar beet. Research 
work is limited on account of the analytical work required of the sta- 
tion start. 



FRANCE. 107 

Station of Vegetable Physiology, Meudon, Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Public Instruction, Ministry of Agri- 
culture, and the College of France. 

Station staff. — Berthelot, Dir.; Gaudechon, V.-Dir.; one assistant; 
gardener; laboratory assistant. 

Origin. — Established in 1883 on the domain of the ancient castle of 
Meudon. 

Equipment. — Research laboratory containing a well-equipped ana- 
lytical room with adjoining balance room, room for optical and 
electrical instruments, dark room containing a saccharimeter and 
polariscope, library and reading room, storerooms, quarters for 
keeper, etc. There is also a large laboratory for students. The 
grounds surrounding the laboratories are used for the cultivation of 
plants for experiments. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,737 ($772 from the Ministry of Public Instruc- 
tion and $965 from the Ministry of Agriculture). 

Lines of work. — Investigations in the fixation of free nitrogen and 
of carbon, the formation of acids, sugars, and oils in plants; the role 
of mineral elements in the soil, the production of heat in plants and 
animals, the effect of atmospheric electricity on living organisms, and 
other problems in the province of vegetable physiology. 

Etiological Station, Montpellier, Herault. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff.— L. Roos, Dir.; F. Chabert, Asst. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministiy of Agriculture July 1, 1895. 

Equipment. — Etiological laboratory in one of the large school labo- 
ratory buildings, enological collection, wine cellars that can be regu- 
lated to any desired temperature, the college vineyard of 17 acres con- 
taining many varieties of grapes. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,189.70 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,872.10; 
department, $289.50; city, $115.80; and an agricultural societ}^ 
$212.30). 

lines of work. — Study of problems in fermentation and the influence 
of temperature upon the same, and general research work in grape 
and wine production. 

Sericultural Station, Montpellier, Herault. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Francis Lambert, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1871 in connection with the School of Sericul- 
ture at Montpellier; annexed in 1880 to the National School of Agri- 
culture at Montpellier. 

Equipment. — A frame building containing three rooms for rearing 
silkworms, a place for mulberry leaves, a small laboratory, greenhouse 



108 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

for mulberry trees, and a room containing a large collection of cocoons 
and .silk moths, specimens of raw and carded silk, microscopes, and 

other instruments found in an entomological laboratory; a small silk- 
worm nursery separated from the main building. 

Tncomt .—For 1901, $250.90 from the Ministry of Agriculture. This 
does not include salaries. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in rearing and caring for silkworms of 
different varieties, in combating diseases and pests that attack them, 
with different varieties of mulberry, and with other phases of silk 
production. 

Agricultural Station, Montpellier, Herault. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — H. Lagatu, Dir. 

Equipment. — Agricultural laboratory and other laboratories of the 
National School of Agriculture at Montpellier; fields belonging to the 
school; a field of about 65 acres, situated on a lower level than the 
school, which is used for sewage experiments. 

Income. — For 1900, $1,544 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Cultural and manurial experiments with field crops, 
rotation experiments, and irrigation experiments with sewage. 

Viticultural Laboratory, Montpellier, Herault. 

Staff. — L. Ravaz, Dir. 

Equipment. — Connected with the National School of Agriculture at 
Montpellier. The laboratory is well equipped for the study of the 
vine and its diseases and pests. It makes use of the college vineyard 
of 17 acres, containing many varieties of grapes, and has viticultural 
collections. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with different varieties of grapes, and 
investigations of diseases and insect pests of the vine, especially 
phylloxera. 

Agricultural Station, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle. 

Govern! mj board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff . — E. Colomb-Pradel, Dir.; Pellier, Form.; Poupard, 
('In in.; E. (Jain, Agr. Hot.; Dr. E. Mace, Agr. Bad.; A. Bourgeois. 
M. Alard, E. Cassez, Agr. ami Vit.; L. Thiry, Agr. Engin. and Rural 
Econ.; L. Cuenot, Agr. Ent., Zoo!., and Pisciculture; K. Blondel, 
Agr. Legislation; E. Henry. For. and Geol.; P. Dieudonne, Vet. and 
Zoo!. 

Origin. — in L868 L. Grandeau founded at Nancy the Agricultural 
Station of the East. In 1890 this station was removed to Paris and 
in its place was established the Agricultural Station of Nancy, January 
1, 1891. 



FRANCE. 109 

Equipment. — Director's office and library and chemical laboratory; 
also experiment fields at St. Marx, Jarville, Toul, and Richebourg. 
The station has the cooperation of several departments of the Uni- 
versity of Nancy and of the National School of Forestry, and in this 
way has the use of a number of special laboratories. Several mem- 
bers of the station staff are connected with other institutions and give 
but little time to station work. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,827.15 (Ministry of Agriculture, $?38.23; 
department, $738.22; fees, $1,061.50, and from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture for field experiments, $289.50). 

Lines of work. — Laboratory and research work in agricultural chem- 
istry; analysis of fertilizers, soils, waters, feeding stuffs, seeds, and 
farm products for fees; investigations by the cooperating members of 
the staff in bacteriology, viticulture, entomology, veterinary science, 
etc. Recently the station has begun the publication of popular arti- 
cles on agricultural topics, several of which are bound together in 
bulletin form. 

Agricultural Station of the Pasteur Institute, Nantes, Loire-Inferieure. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Pasteur Institute. 

Station staff. — A. Andouard, Dir.; P. Andouard, V.-Dir.; Gendre, 
Sec.; A. Laidet, Asst.; three helpers. 

Origin. — In 1861 A. Bobierre opened at Nantes a departmental 
chemical laboratory; August 28, 1881, it was reorganized by Andouard, 
with the aid of the department, and became an agricultural experiment 
station. 

Equipment. — A departmental building containing ten rooms for 
analytical and research work, and experiment fields containing about 
5£ acres. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,254.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; depart- 
ment, $386; fees, $182.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, 
oils, soaps, and agricultural products, cultural and manurial experi- 
ments with field crops, variety tests, bacteriological investigations, and 
other investigations with the agricultural products of the department. 

Enological Station, Narbonne, Aude. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — L. Semichon, Dir.; Astrue, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established January 10, 1895, by the Ministry of Agri- 
culture, the expense of installation being borne jointly by the State 
and the city of Narbonne. 

Equipment. — Laboratories and demonstration vineyards. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,296.70 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,717.70; 
department and town, $579). 



110 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. -The research work includes the investigation of 
processes of wine manufacture; the study of the bacteriology of fer- 
mentation and of the diseases of the vine, such as oidium, phylloxera, 
mildew, black rot, etc.; a general investigation of the vine products 
of southern France. The station also conducts public institutes among 
the grape growers, makes gratuitous analyses, and conducts a number 
of demonstration experiments intended as object lessons to promote 
the use of modern methods of culture and the introduction of improved 
varieties of vines. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Nevers, Nievre. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and departmental pro- 
fessor of agriculture. 

Station doff. — Mancheron, Dir.; Lafontaine, Lab. Asst. 

Origin,. — Established October 1, 1882, through the cooperation of 
the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Nievre, the town, and 
the citizens of the department. 

Equipment. — Two laboratory rooms and an office. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,061.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $96.50; 
department, $965). 

Lines of 'work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, beets, and water. 

Departmental Agricultural Laboratory, Nimes, Gard. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and departmental pro- 
fessor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — B. Chauzit, Dir.; Me} r ssel and Hugues, Lab. Assts.; 
Abel and Martin, Helpers. 

Origin. — Established June 1, 1885, by the General Assembly of 
Gard with the cooperation of the Government, the town of Nimes, 
the Agricultural Society of Gard, and the agricultural committees of 
Alais, Uzes, and Vigan. 

Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in a rented building, and an 
experimental field of about 6 acres at a short distance from Nimes. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,003.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $231.60; 
department, $289.50; fees, $482.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, foods, feeding stuffs, 
waters, wines, copper sulphate, and other agricultural products, and 
the making of agricultural maps. 

Enological Station, Quai de la Fontaine, Nimes, Gard. 

Governing hoard. — Ministiy of Agriculture. 
Station staff. — G. Barba, Dir.; E. Ungues, Lab. Asst. 
Origin. — Established in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture aided 
by the department. 
Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in a rented building. 



FRANCE. Ill 

Income.— For 1902, $1,293.10 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 
Lines of work. — Research work in the production of wine, ?nd the 
analysis of wines, musts, etc. 

Colonial Garden, Nogent-sur-Marne. 

Governing hoard. — An administrative council composed of seven 
members, of which E. Tisserand is president. 

Station staff. — J. Dybowski, Dir. and Insp. Gen. of Colon. A</r., 
Stanislas Pernot, Sec. to the Dir.; Paul Amman, Chief Chem.; Marcel 
Dubard, Chief Bot. ; Chalot, Dir. of Trial Garden and Chief of Cul- 
tural In vestigations. 

Origin. — Established in 1899 by the Ministry of Colonies to direct 
the work of experiment stations and botanic gardens in all the French 
colonies. 

Equipment. — Laboratories for original investigations and propa- 
gating houses. 

Lines of work. — Administrative work in connection with the French 
colonial stations and botanic gardens, which are furnished with seeds 
and plants by the Colonial Garden; introduction and propagation of 
economic plants; analysis of gums, resins, caoutchouc, fibers, starches, 
sugars, alcohols, oils, coffee, cocoa, pepper, drugs and their adulter- 
ants; study of plant diseases. 

Below is a list of the stations under the direction of the Colonial 
Garden: 

China: Botanic Garden, Saigon (Indo-China), Haffner, Dir. 

Dahomey: Trial Garden, Esteve. 

French Guiana: Botanic Garden, Buduel, Bassiere, Dir. 

French Guinea: Trial Garden, Konakry, Teysonnier, Dir. 

French Kongo: Trial Garden, Libreville, Couanon-Brazzaville, Luc, Dir. 

Guadeloupe: Agricultural Chemical Station, Elot, Dir. 

Ivory Coast: Garden of Bingerville, Joly, Dir. 

Madagascar: 

Experiment Station, Nahanisana, Prudhomme, Dir. 

Experiment Station, Tamatave, Deslandes, Dir. 
Martinique: Botanic Garden, St. Pierre, Nollet, Dir. 
New Caledonia: Garden, Esse, Dir. 
Reunion : Botanic Garden, St. Denis, Leon Chatel, Dir. 
Senegal: Experiment Station, St. Louis, Perruchot, Dir. 
Sudan: Experiment Station, Koylikoro, Jean Vuillet, Dir. 
Tunis: Botanic and Trial Garden, Tunis, L. Guillochon, Dir. 

Laboratory, Olmet, Cantal. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. , Dir. 

Origin. — Established in 1893 by Duclaux. 

Equipment. — Three rooms in a building belonging to Duclaux. 
Incomr.— For 1902, $77.20 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 
Lines ofvjork. — Analysis of waters. 



1 12 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Orleans, Loiret. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Duplessis, Dir.; Piegard, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established July 2, 1888, by the Department of Loiret. 

Equipment. — Two large laboratories and an office in a rented 
building. 

Inconu >.— For 1902, $2,412.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- 
ment, $1,717.70; fees, $501.80). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, seeds, etc. The 
director is conducting somewhat extensive experiments with American 
phylloxera-resistant vines. 

Entomological Station of Paris, 16 rue Claude-Bernard, Paris. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Station staff. — Dr. Paul Marchal, Dir. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture in March, 
1894, at the National Agricultural Institute. 

Equipment. — Two rooms containing entomological apparatus. 

Income. — For 1902, $1,254.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Li n< * of work. — Determination of useful and noxious insects and 
dissemination of information regarding means of combating the latter. 

Agricultural Station of the East, 48 rue de Lille, Paris. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Society 
for the Encouragement of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prof. L. Grandeau, 'Dir.; E. Bartmann, Chem.; F. 
Alba, Asst. 

Origin. — The Agricultural Station of the East was founded at Nancy 
by L. Grandeau in 1868, and since that time has been under his con- 
tinuous direction. In 1890 Grandeau transferred his station to Paris. 

Equipment. — A rented laboratory at 48 rue de Lille, and an experi- 
ment field of about If acres at the Pare des Princes, avenue Victor 
Hugo. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,991.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,544; 
fees, $1,447.50). 

Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations in agricultural chemistry, 
including analyses and research work for private persons, for which 
fees are collected; field experiments with various manures and com- 
mercial fertilizers and with field crops. 

Laboratory of Fermentations, rue de l'Arbalete, Paris. 

Governing hoard. Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agri- 
cultural Institute. 



FRANCE. 113 

Station staff. — E. Kayser, Dir. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture in March, 
1888, and placed under the management of the National Agricultural 
Institute. 

Equiprm nt. — A chemical laboratory and several laboratories devoted 
to bacteriological and other special investigations. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,987.90 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigation of problems arising in the 
process of brewing and distilling and of all products affected by fer- 
ments, including those of wine, cider, and milk; analysis of air, water, 
and soils. 

Station of Vegetable Pathology, 11 rue d'Alesia, Paris. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — G. Delacroix, Dir.; Lebrun, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Installed as a department of the National Agricultural 
Institute in November, 1888, by Prillieux. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory, a collection of types of 
vegetable parasites, and an experimental field. 

Income.— For 1902, $3,350.48 from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of diseases of plants. The station 
identifies plant diseases and gives directions for their suppression. All 
work done for farmers is gratuitous. 

Seed Testing Station, Paris. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agri- 
cultural Institute. 

Station staff. — E. Schribaux, Dir.; Leon Bussard, Form.; Etienne, 
Helper. 

Origin. — Organized April 15, 1884, in connection with the National 
Agricultural Institute. 

Equipment. — A laboratory and a small experiment field. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,586.20, from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines "/work. — Seed control and microscopic analysis of flours and 
feeding stuffs. In the laboratory seeds are examined to determine 
their purity and germinative power and in the field variety tests and 
cultural experiments are conducted. 

Station for Testing Agricultural Implements, 47 rue Jenner, Paris. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — M. Ringelmann, Dir.; mechanicians and helpers. 
Origin. — Founded in December, 1888, by the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture. 

5368— No. 112—04 8 



114 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Equipment. — A laboratory fitted with dynamometers, indicators, 
registers, balances, and various other instruments of precision for 
toting farm and manufacturing implements. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,026.50, from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work. — The testing of all sorts of farm and manufacturing 
implements, motors, automobiles, etc., to determine their capacity, 
the quality of work done, the cost of operation, the approximate wear 
and tear, draft, etc. Annual reports of tests are made in the Bulletin 
of the Ministry of Agriculture (Ministere de V Agriculture Bulletin). 

Laboratory of the General Transportation Company, Paris. 

Station staff . — Prof. L. Grandeau, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1880 by the General Transportation Company 
of Paris and since that time maintained at the expense of this corpo- 
ration. 

Equipment. — Laboratory. 

Lines of work. — The station has two distinct purposes: (1) All the 
feed for the horses of the company is analyzed and the daily ration of 
the horses is based on the results; (2) for twenty years L. Grandeau 
and his assistants have conducted a series of experiments on the feeding 
of the draft horse. 

Agricultural Station, Petre, Vendee. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Prac- 
tical Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Touchard, Dir.; M. Bonnetat, Ohem. 

Origin.- — Established in 1888 by Vauchez, aided b} T government 
funds. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and demonstration fields. 

Income. — For 1902, $1,235.20, from the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Lines of work.- Gratuitous analysis for farmers of a large number 
of samples of fertilizers, soils, and agricultural products; scientific 
investigation of agricultural problems, including the study of fermen- 
tation in silage and the investigation of means for combating phylloxera 
and other pests of the vine; field demonstrations; and the control of 
cooperative dairies. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Poitiers, Vienne. 

Governing hoard. Ministry of Agriculture and the Poitiers Faculty 
of Sciences. 

Station staff . — Leon Roux, Dir./ Renault, Luh. Axst./ a helper. 
Origin. Established December 28, L887, by the Poitiers Faculty of 

Sciences. 

Equipment. — Seven rooms in the Poitiers Faculty of Sciences 
building. 



FRANCE. 115 

Income.— Tor 1902, $1,235.20 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; 
department, $1,042.20). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, wine, vinegar, 
and milk. 

Agricultural Station, Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Rennes Faculty 
of Sciences. 

Station staff . — Seguin, Dir.; Artus and Grien, Lab. Assts. 

Origin. — Established in April, 1878, by the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Lechartier. 

Equipment. — Four rooms in the Faculty of Sciences building, a 
greenhouse, an experimental field of li acres at the Practical School 
of Agriculture of Crois-Croix. 

Income.— For 1900, $2,238.80 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,042.20; 
Ministry of Public Instruction, $173.70; department, $810.60; fees, 
$212.30). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, apples, flours, 
oil cakes, cider, etc., and pomological investigations. 

Agricultural Station, Rethel, Ardennes. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Prac- 
tical Agriculture of Rethel. 

Station staff. — Coutte, Dir.; De Gironcourt, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established November 1, 1893, at the expense of the Gov- 
ernment and Linard, a member of the Chamber of Deputies. 

Equipment. — Two rooms in the School of Practical Agriculture and 
an experiment Held of 1 acre. 

Income.— For 1902, $810.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $617.60; fees, 
$193). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, and forage crops. 

Agricultural Station, Rouen, Seine-Inferieure. 

Governing board. — Ministiy of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — A. Houzeau, Dir.; Sprecher, Asst. The director 
has the assistance of several men at the station, and also the coopera- 
tion of a score or more of trained men who have charge of the demon- 
stration fields of the Department of Seine-Inferieure. 

Origin. — Established May 1, 1883, by the department. 

Equipment. — Several laboratories for technical experiments; one 
research laboratory; a garden for cultural experiments; an orchard 
containing many varieties of apples and pears from which scions for 
grafting are taken and distributed among the fruit growers of the 
department; the control of a number of demonstration fields. 



116 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. For 1902, $4,940.80 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; Min- 
i-try of Public Instruction and local contributions, $1,632; fees, 
$328.10). 

Lines of work. —Analysis of mineral and organic manures, soils, 
waters, feeding stuffs, milk, butter, cider fruits, ciders, etc.; investi- 
gation of problems in agriculture and agricultural chemistry; and 
station extension work, which includes the distribution of scions from 
improved varieties of cider fruits, and demonstrations in growing 
wheat, oats, rape, flax, sugar beets, and other crops, in destroying 
charlock with iron sulphate, and in rational stock feeding. Analyses 
for the cultivators of the department are gratuitous. 

Agricultural Entomological Laboratory, Rouen, Seine-Inferieure. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

station staff. — Paul Noel, Dir.; tw T o helpers. 

Origin. — Established October 1, 1890, by the Department of Seine- 
Inferieure. 

Equipment. — Nine rooms in a rented building and a garden of \\ 
acres. 

Income.— For 1902, $2,219.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; depart- 
ment, $1,147.50). 

Lines of work. — Determination of useful and noxious insects. 

Agricultural Laboratory, St. ]2tienne, Loire. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Mines 
at St. Etienne. 

Station staff. — Babu, Dir.; Ville, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1890 at the request of the Department of 
Loire. 

Equipment. — Building containing three rooms and cellar. 

Tncomt -.— For 1902, $981.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $57.90; Minis- 
try of Public Works, $154.10; department, $96.50; School of Mines, 
$193; fees, $182.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and water. 

Dairy Station, Soligny, Jura. 
Friaut, Dir. 

Agricultural Station, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and Toulouse Faculty of 
Sciences. 

Station staff'. — Fabre, Dir.; Prunet, V.-Dir.; Gayand, Form.; a 
gardener. 

Origin. — Established October 21, 1892, by the Ministry of Public 
Instruction. 

Equipment. — The laboratory facilities of the station are in a build- 
ing of the University of Toulouse, and include four agricultural- 



FRANCE. 117 

chemical laboratories, three botanical laboratories, a microscope room, 
two workrooms, a balance room, and a museum. The station also has 
access to the Observatory of Toulouse and an experimental field of 2£ 
acres. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,311.35 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; Minis- 
try of Public Instruction, $579; department, $183.35). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, 
and seeds. 

Etiological Station, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff . — J. Vincens, Dir.; Lacassagne, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established June 30, 1900, by decree of the Ministry of 
Agriculture, with the aid of the city of Toulouse. 

Equipment. — Five rooms in a building belonging to the city. 

Income— For 1902, $1,794.90 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,717.70; 
department, $38.(30; agricultural society, $38.60). 

Lines of work. — Wine making; scientific investigations in connection 
with the wine-making industry; and the analysis of musts, wines, and 
grapes. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Tours, Indre-et-Loire. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — L. Robin, Dir.; Bertrand, Lab. Asst. 

Origin. — Established July 10, 1890, by M. Chataignier and Robin 
with the cooperation of the Department of Indre-et-Loire. 

Equipment. — Three rooms furnished by the town. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,968.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- 
ment, $636.90; fees, $752.70). 

Li ties of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, seeds, and 
building materials; and studies of methods of vinification. 

Departmental Agricultural Station, Versailles, Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental 
professor of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Riviere, Dir.; Bailhache and Duhamel, Lab. Assts. 

Origin. — Established July 1, 1885, by the General Assembl\ T of 
Seine-et-Oise. 

Equipment. — Five rooms in the departmental building at the pre- 
feeture, and an experiment field of about 5 acres at Martiniere. 

Income.— Yov 1902, $2,509 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- 
ment, $2,316). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, and feeding 
stuffs; seed testing, and field experiments. 



118 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Horticultural Research Laboratory, Versailles, Seine-et-Oise. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — A. Petit, Dir. 

Origin. — The laboratory was organized in connection with the 
National School of Horticulture at Versailles. 

Equipment. —A laboratory and the gardens of the School of Horti- 
culture, which cover about 25 acres. 

Income.— For 1900, $636.90 from the Ministry of Public Instruction. 

Lines of work. — Research work in fruit and vegetable gardening, 
cultivation under glass, and nursery operations. 

Station of Vegetable Physiology, Villa Thuret. 

Prof. George Pairault, Dir. 

Viticultural and Vegetable Pathological Station, Villefranche-sur-Saone, 

Rhone. 

Governing hoard. — Entirely under the control of the director. 

Station staff. — V. Verraorel, Dir.; an entomologist, a chemist, a 
botanist with two assistants, a librarian, and a photographer, and a 
number of student aids from schools of agriculture. 

Origin. — Established in 1887 by V. Vermorel. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories, micrographic, photographic, and 
entomological rooms and equipment; museum with collections; library 
of 12,000 volumes on viticulture and vegetable pathology (280 period- 
icals received per month); experiment fields and cellars, trial grounds. 

Income. — Maintained at the expense of the director. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in grape production, wine making, 
and vegetable pathology, especially the enemies of cultivated plants. 
Numerous publications are issued. 

FRENCH KONGO. 
Trial Garden, Libreville. " 

Station staff. — Luc, Dir. 

Origin. — Supposed to have had its origin in the Kerelle Garden, 
which was established about L850 and several times abandoned and 
restored. The garden as now constituted, however, was established 
in 1887. 

Equipment. — Trial grounds covering about 40 acres under cultiva- 
tion. 

Income. -Budget for 1901, $2,925.88. 

Lines of work. — Culture and distribution of varieties of cacao, vanilla, 
coffee, cloves, pepper, bananas, oranges, and other tropical produc- 
tions, and ornamental trees; the introduction of forage plants, fruits, 
and vegetables. 

«See Colonial Garden. Nounit-sur-Marne, l 1 - HI. 



GEEMAN EAST AFRICA GERMANY. 119 

GERMAN EAST AFRICA. 

Biological Agricultural Institute, Amani. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Zimmerman, Dir. andBot.; chemist, zoolo- 
gist, secretary, and. three planters. 

Origin. — Established in 1902 by the government of German East 
Africa. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and dwelling- erected in 1902 at a cost of 
$15,946. 

Income.— For 1902, $18,574. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the food requirements and habits 
of growth of tropical cultivated plants; study of their insect pests and 
fungus diseases and of means for combating them; analysis of soils and 
fertilizers; examination of animal and vegetable products intended for 
export or for home consumption; study of the flora and fauna of Ger- 
man East Africa. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Usambara. 

In 1896 a station was established at Usambara for the purpose of 
determining the adaptability of the country west of the Luengera to 
tropical agriculture, general agriculture, and stock raising. Experi 
ments are conducted at different altitudes with native and introduced 
tropical plants to determine those best suited to cultivation in that 
region. Later the station is to supply these plants and seeds on a 
commercial scale. Another object of this station is to ascertain how 
far the country may be suited to the colonizing of German settlers, 
the amount of capital required to start in different kinds of farming, 
and the probable profits. 

GERMANY. 

In Germany there is no central department of agriculture, no cen- 
tral authority having control of experiment stations or agricultural 
education, no uniform system of management for these institutions. 
The Empire is a confederation of 26 states (kingdoms, grand duchies, 
duchies, and free states), each having its own system of government so 
far as the management of local affairs is concerned. Only one of these 
states, Prussia, maintains a department of agriculture distinct from 
other departments of the Government; others place the administration 
of agricultural interests under the department of the interior or some 
other branch of the Government. From this condition of affairs it 
naturally follows that there are no federal experiment stations in Ger- 
many. Nor were the German experiment stations organized by the 
states, but for the most part by associations of farmers, brewers, and 
other patrons, by whom they were at first almost entirely supported 
and from whom they now receive more than two-thirds of their funds, 



120 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

either through societies or as fees. Nearly all of the stations arc sub- 
sidized by their respective governments, but few of them receive from 
this source all that is needed for running- expenses. 

The management of the stations is as far from uniform us were the 
methods of establishing them. Some are under the direct control of 
the state or provincial departments of agriculture, some under the 
management of schools with which the} 7 are connected, some under 
committees appointed by societies, and others combine two or even 
three of these methods. The only real bond of union between German 
experiment stations is found in the Association of Agricultural Experi- 
ment Stations in the German Empire, which was organized at Weimar, 
January 22, 1888, for the purpose of securing the "greatest practicable 
uniformity in the examination and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
seeds, and other important agricultural supplies. " This association 
meets annually and discusses not only analytical methods, but also 
matters concerning nomenclature, valuation of nutrients, training and 
placing of assistants, and other questions of policy. The association 
has proven so satisfactory that the need of federal organization has 
not been felt in Germany. 

Seed Control Station, Arendsee, Saxony. 

Governing hoard. — Under the management of the Agricultural 
Winter School at Arendsee, with which it is connected. 

Station staff. — Dr. P. Herzberg, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1877. 

Income. — No account is taken of the receipts and expenditures, 
which are very small. 

Lines of work. — Seed control. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Augsburg, Bavaria. 
(Institute for Agricultural Investigation.) 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the agricultural societies 
of Schwaben and Neuburg. 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Hagen, Dir.; Drs. W. Meyer and A. von 
Hosslin, Assts.; one helper. 

Origin. — Established in 1865 at Memmingen by six agricultural 
district committees; removed to Augsburg 1869. 

Equipment. — A modern laboratory in a special building. 

Income. — For L903, $2,856 (agricultural societies of Schwaben and 
Neuburg, $238; fees, $2,618). 

Lines of work. Investigation of fertilizer problems and control of 
fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, foods, milk and dairy products. 
Questions along the line of agricultural chemistry suggested by the 
administration receive attention. Contracts are made with manufac- 



GERMANY. 121 

turers and merchants to establish the guaranty of their wares and 
to investigate or settle questions of dispute between them and their 
customers. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Augustenberg, Baden. « 

Governing board. — Ministry of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of 
Baden. 

Station staff. — Prof. J. Behrens, I) ir.; Dr. Loos, Lab. Dir.; Drs. 
von Wahl, Stang, Schaller, Wollny, Mass, and Fisehler, Assts. 

Origin. — Established in the summer of 1901 by uniting the two sta- 
tions in Karlsruhe (the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 
established in 1859 and the Agricultural Botanical Experiment Station 
established in 1872) and moving them to Atigustenberg. 

Equipment. — Pending the erection of buildings, the station occupies 
a building belonging to the Augustenberg Agricultural School, and 
also uses for experimental purposes the extensive fields and vineyards 
belonging to the school. 

Income. — The estimated income for 1903, $7,487.18. 

Linen of work. — Investigations in plant physiology (vines, tobacco, 
hops, hemp, etc.); control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

Institute for Fermentation Industries and Starch Manufacture, Seestrasse, 

Berlin, Prussia. 

Governing board. — Doctor Thiel, of the Ministry of Agriculture; 
Doctor Althoff, of the Ministry of Education, and Professor Orth, 
rector of the Royal Agricultural High School of Berlin. 

Station staff. — Prof. Max Delbruck, Dir.; Professor von Ecken- 
brecher, Engineer W. Goslich, Profs. W. Windisch, P. Lindner, Struve, 
G. Heinzelman, F. Goldiner, Doctors Matthes, Hanow, Profs. F. Schon- 
feld, Th. Remy, Drs. F. Rothenbach, J. F. Hoffmann, H. Lange, Engi- 
neer Haack, Doctors Parow, Henneberg, Engineer Fehrmann, and 
Doctor Mohr, Chiefs of Div.; Doctors Wilke, Neumann, Behrend, 
Rommel, Keil, Bode, Sierig, Deinhardt, Liihder, Schulze, Wagner, 
Ulrich, Foth, Ploetz, Stockhausen, Grosse, Ellroth, Rudzick, Bartels, 
Wetzel, Philippi, Stiegeler, Hoffmann, von der Heide, Rulke, Wenzel, 
Schonewald, Hayduck, Eberlein, Engineer Schinner, Doctors Dehnicke, 
Hinrichs, Hildebrandt, Richter, and Pickardt, Assts. 

Origin. — The institute was organized as the result of a popular 
demand for instruction and scientific investigation in industries related 
to brewing, distilling, and starch production. In addition to divisions 
representing each of these industries, it also includes a machinery and 
technical division, a division of soil bacteriology of the Chamber of 
Agriculture of the Province of Brandenburg, a division of steam engi- 

a Post-office address, Grotzingen. 



122 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

neering, an experimental granary, a German potato culture station, ;i 
barley culture station, and a hop-culture station. 

Equipment. Experimental laboratories, machine testing room, ma- 
chinery and equipment necessary for the manufacture on a wholesale 
scale of the respective product of each division, 15 acres of land. The 
grounds and extensive buildings belong to the Government, but the 
machinery and the equipment and all the funds necessary for carrying 
on the work of the station are provided by the following societies: 
Association of German Distillers (von Grass), Association of German 
Starch Manufacturers (von Freier), Association of German Corn Dis- 
tillers and Compressed Yeast Manufacturers (Baron von Gillhaussen), 
Association of German Vinegar Manufacturers (C. Moskopf), Asso- 
ciation of Brewers in Berlin (vacant). Each society, through its repre- 
sentative (mentioned in parentheses above), has charge of the particular 
work of its department. 

Income. — The institute received in 1902, from the various societies 
mentioned above, about 1228,480. 

Lines of work. — The manufacture of malt and distilled liquors, starch, 
vinegar, etc. ; investigation of chemical and bacteriological problems 
in connection with the production of these commodities ; testing 
machinery used in breweries, distilleries, etc. ; cultural and fertilizer 
experiments with barley, potatoes, and hops. 

Experiment Station for Milling, Invalidenstrasse, 42, Berlin. 

Governing board. — Royal Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prof. L. Wittmack, Dir.; Dr. C. Brahm, Asst. 
Chem.; Dr. T. Buchwald, Asst. Bot. 

Origin.— Organized in 1899 by the Association of German Millers. 

Equipment. — Connected with the Royal Agricultural High School 
of Berlin, and makes use of its buildings. The necessary apparatus 
is provided by the Association of German Millers. 

Income.— For 1901, $2,620. 

Lines of work. —Investigation of flour and bran for the Board of 
Customs, Agricultural Ministry, Millers 1 Union, and private persons; 
also of oil cakes and feeding stuffs for private persons; giving advice 
tomillersand bakers; investigation of the baking qualities of varieties 
of wheat (especially the German, Russian, and American varieties), 
and of methods of estimating starch, ash. fat. etc., in flour and bran; 
determination of the role of lactic-acid and butyric-acid bacteria in 
baking processes; gluten studies. 

Biological Division for Agriculture and Forestry of the Royal Board of 

Health, Berlin. 

Governing board. — Doctor Kohler, Pres. 

Siationstaff. — Dr. Bud. Aderhold, Dir. and Plant Physiol.; Doctor 



GERMANY. 123 

Moritz, Agr. Client.; Doctor Rorig, Zool.; Doctor Maassen, Bad.; 
Doctor Scherpe, Asst. Agr. Chem.; Doctor Appel, Plant Physiol.; 
Doctors Kriiger and Laubert, Assts. Plant Physiol.; Doctor Bonier, 
Asst. Zool.; Doctor Peters, Asst. Bad.; Holleufer, Chief Clerk; two 
helpers; one head gardener; three gardeners; workmen. 

Origin. — Established in 1898 as a government institution. 

Equipment. — Five well-equipped laboratories in the office building 
of the Royal Board of Health; a 25-acre experiment field with a small 
laboratory, two large insectaries, and four plant houses at Dahlem, 
near Berlin, where it is the intention to erect a large number of build- 
ings for this division. 

Income. — Funds provided by the Royal Board of Health. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in economic ornithology and ento- 
mology, including methods of combating the pea weevil, gypsy moth, 
etc.; chemical studies; study of plant diseases and soil bacteriology; 
experiments with fertilizers on wheat, with metallic salts for the 
destruction of weeds, and with legumes to study the function of tuber- 
cles; apiculture, and pisciculture. Results of investigations are pub- 
lished in circulars and in Arbeiten der biologischen Abtheilung fur 
Land- und Forstwi/rthschaft am Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte. 

Chemical Laboratory of the Sugar Industry Union of Germany, Berlin. 

Governing board. — Directors of the Sugar Industry Union; Gustavus 
Konig (Pres.), Berlin; Doctor Barts, Brunswick; Doctor Preissler, 
Linden. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Herzfeld, Dir.; Schref eld, Doctors Stiepel, 
Ehrlich, Schi'itz, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1867 under the auspices of the Sugar Industry 
Union of Germany; connected with the Agricultural High School of 
Berlin in 1890. 

Income. — Supported by the Sugar Industry Union. 

Lines of work. — Improvement of sugar technology, scientific inves- 
tigations in all phases of beet-sugar production, analytical work. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Bernburg, Anhalt. 

Governing board. — President of the ducal government of Anhalt, 
three representatives of the Association of the Beet Sugar Industry 
of the German Empire, and the director. 

Station staff.— Prof. H. Wilfarth, Dir.; Drs. H. Roemer, G. Wim- 
mer, G. Geisthotf, Bufleb, and G. Heikel, Assts.; two laboratory 
assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1882 by the State on the site of the school in 
Bernburg. 

Equipment. — A three-story laboratory building"; preparation house; 
greenhouse and shelter shed, provided with car tracks, which facilitate 



124 EXPERIMENT 9TATI0NS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

tlio moving <>t' pots back and forth. The- laboratory building contains 
a well-equipped chemical laboratory, balance room, dark room, offices, 
storerooms, etc., and apartments for the director and his assistants. 

Income— For 1903, $8,568 (State. $3,808; societies, $4,!?60). 

Lines of work. — The investigation of problems in the growth and 
nutrition of plants, especially sugar beets, by the sand-cnltnre method 
perfected by Hellriegel. Among the problems studied, that relating 
to the source of nitrogen for leguminous plants is one of the most 
important. It was through the investigations of Hellriegel and Wil- 
farth at this station that the relation between root-tubercle bacteria 
and the fixation of nitrogen was discovered. The investigation of 
fertilizers has also been an important line of work. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Bonn, Prussia. 

Governing board. — Five members elected from the .Agricultural 
Society of the Rhine Province and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Dr. E. Herfeldt, Dir.; Drs. ,F. Kretchmer and H. 
Hecker, Chiefs of Div.; 4 assistants; 3 laborator}^ assistants; a secre- 
tary; 2 clerks; 4 to 6 helpers; and 2 servants. 

Origin. Founded in 1855 by the Agricultural Society of the Rhine 
Province, and since 1898 has included three divisions: (1) Division 
for testing manures, fertilizers and soils; (2) division for testing feed- 
ing stuffs and seeds, and (3) division for testing milk and dairy prod- 
ucts. 

Equipment. — A laboratory building containing 4 rooms in the base- 
ment, 8 on the ground floor, and 3 in the wings. For field experiments 
it has the use of several fields in different localities. 

Income.— For 1903, $13,566 (State, $1,190; province, $714; fees, 
$11,662). 

Lines of work. — Scientific experiments in the interest of agricul- 
ture and the investigation of diseases of plants and animals. The 
station is authorized to train food chemists and is the official labora- 
tory for testing food. 

The Institute of Animal Physiology of the Agricultural Academy (Poppels- 

dorf), Bonn. 

Governing board. — Under the administration of the Agricultural 
Academy. 

station ■■■■tuff. — Prof. Oscar Hagemann, Dir.; Drs. W. G. Kummer, 
N. N. Bischofswerder, and E. H. Stein, Assts. 

Origin.— Founded in b856 by the State for chemical and horticul- 
tural work; since 1894 devoted entirely to investigations in animal 
physiology. 

Equipment. — Stables and laboratories for experiments in metabo- 
lism, animal chemistry, and physiology. A respiration calorimeter is 
being constructed. 



GEKMANY. 125 

Income. — For 1903, State appropriation of $1,500, not including 
salaries. 

Lines of work. — Feeding and metabolism experiments, investiga- 
tions in animal physiology and chemistry. 

Agricultural Experiment Station and Field of the Agricultural Academy 

(Poppelsdorf), Bonn. 

Govern in (j hoard. — Under the administration of the Agricultural 
Academy. 

Station staff. — Prof. F. Wohltmann, Dir.; Drs. Th. Schneider, 
Arthur Golf, A. Hecker, and H. Maas, Assts. 

Origin. — Established in 1856 by the State; reorganized in 1901. 

Equipment. — Chemical, physical, botanical, and bacteriological lab- 
oratories; barns, plant house, and experiment field. 

Income. — About $714 from the State, not including salaries. 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigations, including the analysis of 
soils, fertilizers, agricultural products, etc.; investigations in the res- 
piration of plants and in processes of decomposition by fermentation 
and putrefaction; studies in connection with nitrification, and field 
experiments. 

Moor Experiment Station, Bremen, Bremen. 

Governing board. — Prussian Central Commission on Moor Affairs, 
Dr. M. Fleischer, Chair., Berlin. 

Station staff. — Prof. Br. Tacke, Dir.; Dr. A. Salfeld, Culture 
Expert at Lingen; Dr. H. Minssen, Lab. Dir.; Dr. C. Weber, Bot.; 
Doctors Arntz, Dudy, Spiecker, Reimann, Herwig, Arnd, and Demp- 
wolff, Assts. Chem.; Menkhaus, Schmitz, Vorpahl, and Karstens, 
Pract. Educated Farmers; 2 secretaries; 1 house master; 3 helpers. 

Origin.— Founded in 1877 by the Prussian Central Commission on 
Moor Affairs. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building erected by the Bremen authori- 
ties; equipment furnished by the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. 

Income.— For 1903, $17,814.30 (Prussian State, $14,482.30; Bremen 
Agricultural Society, $95.20; fees, $3,236.80). 

Lines of work. — Investigations on moor soils in their relation to 
plant growth, changes produced in them by standardized reagents 
and by drying at high and low temperatures, their content of free 
ulmic acid, their content of plant food under various conditions deter- 
mined by means of accurate field experiments; analytical determina- 
tion of the changes produced in high moor fields and meadows by 
cultivation and manuring; the value of turf as a conservator of heat; 
microscopic botanical investigation of the origin and composition of 
various moor soils. 



120 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Seed Control Station of the Agricultural School, BremervOrde, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Agricultural School. 
Station staff. — Doctor Wiirz, Dir. 

Origin.— Founded in 1876 by the Provincial Agricultural Society 
of Stade. 

Income. — Fees for analysis of seeds. 
Lines of work. — Seed control. 

Agricultural Botanical Experiment and Seed Control Station, Matthias 
Place, 6, Breslau, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Prof. F. Pax, Sec; Dr. V. Kutzleb, Breslau; 
Von Nitzchwitz, Pokbischdorf; Von Wallenberg, Schmolz. 

Station staff. — Dr. W. Grosser, Dir.; A. Estoppey and It. Kirch- 
ner, Assts.; an office assistant and a helper. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Breslau Agricultural Society. 

Income.— For 1902,12,451.40 (Breslau Agricultural Society, $309.40; 
seed testing, $2,142). 

Lines of work. — Study of plant diseases, seed testing, and seed con- 
trol. Headquarters for information regarding plant diseases and 
plant protection in Silesia and Posen. 

Agricultural Experiment and Control Station, Matthias Place, 6, Breslau. 

Governing hoard. — A chemist of the University of Breslau, two 
practical farmers, the general secretary of the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture, and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Prof. B. Schulze, Dir.; Dr. H. Neubauer, V.-Dir. 
and Chief Div. of Micros.; Dr. V. Schenke, Chief Div. of Chem.; 
Doctor Bialon, Chief Div. of Milk Control; Doctors Moschatos, 
Frank, Krannich, Werner, Bli'miel, Assts. Chem.; Doctor Seifart, 
Asst. Bot.; Doctor Doll, in charge of Veg. Sta. 

Origin. — Founded in 1856 by the Agricultural Central Society of 
Silesia at Ida-Marienhutte; removed to Breslau in 1877. In 1897 a 
branch station at Rosenthal was established. 

Equipment. — A well-equipged laboratory in BreeHu and a branch 
vegetation station in the Rosenthal suburb where are farm buildings 
and nearly 80 acres devoted to experiments. 

Income.— For 1903, $13,720.60 (State, $1,820.60; fees, $11,900). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the nutrition of animals and plants, 
control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs, '.he training of food chemists, 
soil investigations, variety tests, and other experiments with field crops. 

Agricultural Chemical and Bacteriological Institute of the University, 

Breslau. 

Govt rning hoard.- Under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. 
Station staff. — Prof. Th. Pfeiffer, Dir.; Drs. A. Einecke and W. 

Schneider, Assts. 



GERMANY. 127 

Origin. — Founded in 1869 as Experiment Station for Animal Physi- 
ology atProskau; removed in 1881 to Breslau; broadened in 1898 to 
its present scope. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment stalls. 

Income.— For 1903, $987.70 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in animal physiology, agriculture, 
chemistry, and bacteriology. 

Institute for Agricultural Plant Production of the University, Breslau. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Ministry of Religion 
and Public Instruction. 

Station staff. — Prof. K. vonRi'imker,Z>m/ Doctor Borman, Admin- 
istrator; Drs. II. Hoffmann and Fander, Assts. Chem.; H. Thomas, 
Gard. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898 by the Ministry of Religion and Public 
Instruction. 

Eq uipment. — Experiment field of 80 acres at Rosenthal, near Breslau; 
chemical, physiological, and pedological (soils) laboratories; agricul- 
tural botanical garden; meteorological apparatus; and collections, 
including specimens of soils, plant diseases, trees, and economic plants. 

Income. — For 1901, a State subsidy of $4,114.84, and receipts from 
sale of farm products amounting to about $1,550. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in plant production, including green 
manuring, methods of culture, selection, etc.; investigation of soils 
and study of plant diseases. 

University Institute of Animal Chemistry, Breslau. 

Govt ruing hoard . — Under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture. 
Staff,— Prof. H. Weiske, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Nutrition investigations, digestion experiments, 
and chemical investigation of feeding stuffs. 

Experiment Station, Brunswick. 

Governing hoard. — President of the Brunswick Agricultural Central 
Society for Chemical Technology (Chair.), six members of the central 
committee, the general secretary, and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Prof. Hugo Schultze, Dir.; Drs. O. Gottschke and 
Bernstein, Assts.; one clerk; three laboratory assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1862 by the then Society for Agriculture and 
Forestiy which is now the Agricultural Central Society for Chemical 
Technolog} 7 . 

Incorm . — For 1903, $5,878 from the State, fees, and other sources. 

Li/us of work. — Investigation and control of fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, seeds, foods, and condiments; fertilizer experiments. 



128 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Colmar, Alsace-Lorraine. 

station staff. — Prof. Paul Kulisch, Dir. ; Dr. Max Passon, V.-Dir.; 
Doctors Kiillenberg, Naumann, and Fauth, Assts.; Lozeron and Ley, 
Techs.} throe helpers. 

Origin. — Founded by the State in 1874 at Rufach; removed to Col- 
mar in 1896. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for exact fertilizer experi- 
ments at Colmar, experiment field at Rufach. 

Income.— For 1903, $9,339.12 (State, $5,412.12; experiment fund, 
$1,190; fees and miscellaneous, $2,737). 

Lines of work. — Agricultural investigations and experiments, espe- 
cially in the production of wine, hops, and tobacco; investigations in 
plant physiology, bacteriology, and pure-yeast cultures; control of 
fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, foods, and condiments; training of food 
chemists. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Dahme, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Board of directors of the Chamber of Agricul- 
ture of the Province of Brandenburg. 

Station staff. — Prof. R. Ulbricht, Dir.; Dr. O. Forster, Dr. G. 
Meissner, Fr. Haussding, E. Pescheck, E. Miiller, Assts. Chem.; Wilh. 
Laschke, Asst. Bot.; Doctor Mann, Asst. in Veg. Expts. 

Origin. — Opened in 1857 by an agricultural union of the Jiiterbog- 
Luckenwalder Circle; came under the control of the Chamber of 
Agriculture in 1896. 

Equiprm nt. —Three vegetation houses equipped with pots for indoor 
experiments, sunken zinc cylinders under movable roof and side walls, 
and an experiment garden. 

In<ome.—Yov 1902-3,$6,717.42 (State, $2,427.60; Chamber of Agri- 
culture, $285.60; fees, $3,905; miscellaneous, $99.22). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, etc.; 
pot and field experiments with various fertilizers, leguminous plants 
to determine fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, plants for green manur- 
ing, and varieties of potatoes and maize; feeding experiments and 
dairy experiments. 

Agricultural Experiment and Seed Control Station, Danzig, Prussia. 

Governing board. — (Vacant). 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Schmoeger, Dir.; Dr. von Wissell, von 
Wi'ilcknitz, J. Goerbing, and R. Lucks, Assts.,' two helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1877 by the Agricultural Central Society of 
^\'('^t Prussia. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory for experiments in chem- 
istry, seed control, and microscopical examination of feeding stuffs. 



GERMANY. 129 

Income.— For 1903, $7,120 (State, $2,391.90; province, $1,023.40; 
fees, $3,704.70). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, feeding- stuffs, seeds, etc. 
Field experiments and scientific investigations in the laboratory. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Darmstadt, Hesse. 

Governing board. — Two representatives from each of the three agri- 
cultural societies of the duchy and one representative from the Gov- 
ernment — Economic Counsellor Muller. 

Station staff. — Prof. P. Wagner, Dir.; Drs. R. Dorsch, G. Hamann, 
R. Kunze, Chiefs of Divs.; F. Weidert, G. Dittmer, R. Weitzel, 
Assts.; W. Lang, C/iem.; Meerstadter, Lab. Asst.; Metzger, book- 
keeper; four office helpers, a steward, and a gardener. 

Origin. — Founded in 1871 by the ducal government cooperating 
with some of the leading farmers of the duchy, reorganized in 1874, 
and removed in 1877 to the new buildings erected for its accommodation. 

Equipment. — A laboratory building*, which is also the director's 
residence; greenhouse; several sheds, and two experiment gardens. 
The laboratory building contains a large laboratory room, library, 
director's private study, and other rooms. The station is especially 
equipped for the Wagner method of pot experiments. 

Lncome,— For 1903, $19,040 (State, $9,044; fees, $9,996). 

Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations in agricultural chemistry; 
pot and field experiments to determine the relative value of various 
commercial fertilizers, green manures, and barnyard manures; the 
causes of losses and of the incomplete utilization of nitrogen in barn- 
yard manures; the utilization of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash 
by cereals and legumes; the injurious effects of certain chemicals on 
commercial fertilizers; nutrient solutions for plant cultures, and the 
assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen hy plants. The station exercises 
control over fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds, and has been one of 
the leading agencies in the introduction of Thomas slag as a cheap 
source of phosphorus among the farmers in Germany. 

Dairy Experiment Station of the Association of Hessian Agricultural 
Societies, Darmstadt. 

Governing board. — Committee of the Association of Hessian Agri- 
cultural Societies. 

Station staff. — Dr. R. Kriiger, Dir.; two assistants, and two 
helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1893 at Often bach-on -the-Main Jry the Associa- 
tion of Hessian Agricultural Societies; removed in the autumn of 1900 
to Darmstadt. In 1899 a bacteriological division was organized. 

Income,— For 1900, $3,570 (State, $476; fees, $3,094). 
5368— No. 112—04 9 



130 EXPEEIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Investigations of milk, dairy products, and mate- 
rials used in dairying; also of pure cultures for ripening cream and 
curing cheese. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Dobeln, Saxony. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Royal Government of 
Saxony. 

Station staff. —Prof. W. Wolf, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1872 by the government of Saxony. 

Equipment. — A new laboratory completed in 1900. 

Income. — For 1903, $142.80 (not including salaries and funds for 
building) from the State. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of feeding stuffs, milk, etc., and of 
the physics and chemistry of fertilizers and soils. 

Chemical and Physiological Experiment Station of the Veterinary High 
School, Dresden, Saxony. 

Governing board. — The Royal Veterinary Commission. 

Station staff. — Professor Ellenberger, Dir.; Dr. F. M. Bengen, 
Che/// . 

Origin. — Founded in 1862 and reorganized in 1876 by the State. 

Equipment. — Uses the laboratory and equipment of the Veterinary 
High School. 

Income. — For 1903, $833 from the State (not including salaries, 
equipment, or supplies, which are also furnished by the State). 

Lines of work. — Chemical and physiological investigations with 
domestic animals. 

Experiment Station for Plant Culture at the Botanic Garden, Dresden. 

Governing board. — One government representative and eight mem- 
bers who represent the agricultural and horticultural societies of 
Saxony, the Tharand Forestry Academy, and the Tharand and Dres- 
den stations themselves, which are under the same governing board. 

Station staff. — Prof. O. Drude, Dir.; Dr. B. Steglich, Agr.; Ledien, 
Gard. Insp.; Dr. A. Naumann, Asst. to the Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the State. 

Equipment. — The agricultural division (Steglich) is provided with 
laboratory, vegetation house, and experiment field of 3.7 acres; the 
horticultural division (Ledien), with hothouses, hotbeds, experiment 
field of 1.25 acres, and botanic garden of 8.5 acres. 

Income.— For 1903, $1,760 from the State for the agricultural divi- 
sion. 

Li iirs of work. — Cultural tick! experiments to test methods of cul- 
ture and varieties of farm crops; investigations in horticulture, clima- 
tology, and vegetable physiology and pathology; analysis and control 
of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. 



GEKMANY. 131 

Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding Stuffs, Foods, and Seeds, Ebstorf, 

Prussia. 

Go verning hoard. — (Vacant. ) 

Station staff. — Dr. F. Bente, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1871 as a seed control station by the Liineburg 
Provincial Agricultural and Forestry Society. In 1881 the control of 
fertilizers and feeding stuffs was added to the work of the station. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory in the building of the agri- 
cultural school with which the station is connected. 

Income.— For 1900, $51.71. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
foods, and seeds. 

Grand Ducal School for Pomology and Agricultural Winter School, Fried- 
berg, Hesse. 

Staff. — Doctor von Peter, Dir.; Prof. Karl Reichelt, Bot.; Rings- 
hausen, Preceptor and Sec; John, Head Gard. and Instr. 

Origin. — Founded in 1870 as an agricultural winter school; reor- 
ganized and brought under State control in 1896. 

Equipment. — Building containing chemical and physiological labora- 
tories, office of director, library, agricultural and pomological collec- 
tions, fruit and wine cellars, workrooms, etc.; fruit garden and an 
orchard of 32 acres. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the production and utilization of 
fruits, investigation of orchard pests and diseases, fertilizer experi- 
ments with fruit trees and field crops, dairy technology, and physio- 
logical experiments with fruit trees. 

Dairy Experiment Station of the Dairy School, Fulda, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Chairman of the Dairy Association, general sec- 
retary of the Cassel Ministry of Agriculture, one representative of 
the government of Cassel, one representative of the constitutional 
estate and town of Fulda. 

Station staff. — Rud. Backhaus, Dir.; Doctor Kriiger, Lab. Dir.; 
two laboratory assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Cassel Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Large chemical and bacteriological laboratory, modern 
dairy equipment, and cheese-making machinery. 

Income.— For 1900, $3,046.40 from the Cassel Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and the Prussian Government. 

Lines of work. — The station is connected with the dairy school at 
Fulda, and investigates dairy problems for the school. About 20,000 
pounds of milk are used daily. 



132 EXPEEIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Station for Pomology, Viticulture, and Gardening, Geisenheim- 

on-the-Rhine, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Royal Prussian Minister of Agriculture, Dr. Fr. 
Mueller. 

Station staff . — Dr. J. Wortmann, Dir. of Inst. 

Origin. — The institute with which the station is connected was 
founded in 1872 by the Royal Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. In 
addition to the investigations carried on in connection with the techni- 
cal instruction at the institute, more or less independent experiments 
are carried on by the experiment station, which comprises three divi- 
sions, as follows: 

Division for Pomology, Viticulture, and Fermentation Investigations. 

Staff. — Dr. J. Wortmann, Dir.; Doctor Botticher, Asst. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building and apparatus used hy both the 
institute and the experiment station. 

Income.— For 1903, $249. 90 from the State. 

lines of work. —Investigations in fruit culture, viticulture, wine 
production, pure-yeast cultures, and other related subjects. 

Division of Applied Chemistry. 

Staff.— Dr. K. Windisch, Dir.; Dr. K. Boehm, Ph. Schmidt, and 
Th. Roettgen, Assts.; gardener, clerk, and laboratory assistant. 

Equipment. — Laboratory in a wing of the wine-press house of the 
institute. 

Income.— For 1903, $3,169.45 (State, $2,570.40; fees, $599.05). 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigations with special reference to 
wine production. 

Division of Vegetable Pathology. 

Staff. — K. Kroemer, Dir.; Doctor Schulz, Asst. 
Income.— For 1903, $1,749.30 from the State. 
Lines of work. — Investigation of plant diseases. 

Animal Physiological Experiment Station, GOttingen, Prussia. 

Governing board. — A commission consisting of three members of 
the Royal Agricultural Society of the Province of Hanover: Jahns, 
Gottingen; Beseler, Weende; Prof. F. Lehmann, Gottingen. 

Station staff. — Prof. F. Lehmann, Dir.; Doctors Kriiger, Haas, 
Haners, and Kantelberg, Assts. 

Origin. — Established at Cello in 1852 by the Royal Agricultural 
Societ} 7 of Hanover; removed to Weende in 1857 and placed in charge 
of W. Henueberg; removed to Gottingen in 1874. 



GERMANY. 133 

Equipment. — Half of the first story of the main building of the 
Agricultural Institute, with laboratories, stables for cattle, sheep, and 
swine, Pettenkofer respiration apparatus. 

Income.— For 1903, $3,094 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in animal nutrition, especially feeding 
and digestion experiments with milch cows and fattening sheep. 
Henneberg's work at Weende in studying the laws of the nutrition of 
ruminants is classic, and forms the basis of our present knowledge of 
the subject. The Weende methods of fodder analysis is another 
important contribution to science. 

Experiment Field of the University, Gottingen. 

Governing hoard. — Curator of the university. 

Station staff. — Prof. C. von Seelhorst, Dir.; W. Freckmann and 
Dr. Muther, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1872 by the State; made independent of the 
Agricultural Institute in 1896. 

Equipment. — Experiment field of about 15 acres; vegetation house 
with workroom and capacity for about 600 pots on movable trucks, 
and chemical laboratory. 

Income. — For 1901, not including salaries, $1,800 from the Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments with forage plants, cereals, pota- 
toes, sugar beets, and other field crops to determine fertilizer require- 
ments, methods of culture, etc. ; pot experiments to supplement the 
field trials; breeding of cereals and laboratory investigations, including 
the chemical analysis of crops, soils, fertilizers, etc. , and considerable 
original research work. 

Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding 1 Stuffs, and Seeds, Gottingen. 

Governing hoard. — The president and the secretary of the General 
Agricultural Society of Gottingen; Jahns, Gottingen; Dr. Frhr. 
Grote, Jiihnde; director of the Agricultural Institute of Gottingen; 
Prof. W. Fleischmann, Gottingen; two members appointed by the 
magistrate of Gottingen, and the director. 

Station staff. — Dr. G. Kalb, Dir.; K. Ehrenstein, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1876 by the General Agricultural Society of 
Gottingen. 

Equipment. — A laboratory building, erected in 1896 at a cost of 
about $5,000, which contains four well-equipped laboratories, a room 
for seed testing, and a stable for experiments in animal nutrition. 

Income.— For 1903, $1,642.20 (societies, $214.20; fees, $1,428). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and investigation of fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, seeds, and foods. 



134 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Dairy Laboratory of the Central Cooperative Dairy, GUstrow, Mecklenburg- 

Schwerin. 

Governing hoard. — Count von BaSsewitz, director of the Central 
Cooperative Dairy. 

Station stuff'. — Jobs. Siedel, Dir.; Doctor Hesse, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898. 

Income.— For 1902, $1,428 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Dairy investigations. 

I. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Halle-on-the-Saale. 

st, it inn staff. — Dr. W. Schneidewind, Dir.; Dr. W. Kriiger, V.-Dir.; 
Drs. D. Meyer, H. Frese, and B. Heinze, Assts. 

(1) Agricultural Chemical Division. 

(2) Bacteriological Division, Dr. W. Kriiger, Chief. 

(3) Experiment Farm, Lauchstadt, W. Grobler, Swpt. 

(4) Vegetation Station, Lauchstadt. 

(5) Bacteriological Experiment Field. 

Origin. — Founded in 1855 on a farm at Gross- Gmehlen; removed 
to Salzmunde in 1859, and again to Halle in 1865. In 1890 a branch 
vegetation station was established in the suburbs of the cit} 7 , and in 
1896 a branch station for field experiments and cattle feeding was 
established at Lauchstadt. 8 miles southwest of Halle. In 1901 the 
vegetation station was removed from Halle to Lauchstadt. 

Equipment. — Chemical and bacteriological laboratories at Halle; 
vegetation house, workroom, storeroom, farm buildings, and an experi- 
ment field of about 134 acres at Lauchstadt. 

Income. — For 1903, $11,543 (Ministry of Agriculture, $2,856; board 
of agriculture, $1,666; German Agricultural Society, $952; soil inves- 
tigations, $476; for the experiment field, from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture, $4,760; for the vegetation station, from the Ministry of 
Agriculture, $476; for the bacteriological field, from the Ministry of 
Agriculture, $357). 

Lines of work. — Chemical and bacteriological investigations, pot and 
field experiments in plant nutrition, and to test fertilizers and varieties 
of field crops, feeding experiments, and experiments with barnyard 
manures and green manures. 

II. Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Halle-on-the-Saale. 

Station staff.— Dr. H. C. Miiller, Dir.; Dr. W. Naumann, V.-Dir.; 

Doctors Schuman, Wege, Schultze, Bieler, Teller, Engineer Zachart, 
and Miss Herrmann, Assts. 

(1) Agricultural Chemical Investigation Station. 

(2) Botanical Investigation Station, Dr. H. Steffeck, Chief. 
Equipment. Chemical and botanical laboratories and an experi- 
mental garden. 



GEKMANY. 135 

Income. — For 1903, $22,134 (State, $4-76; provincial government, 
$ri-t; analyses, $1,904; fertilizer, food, milk, and seed control, $19,040). 

Lines of work. — Analytical and control work, in addition to botan- 
ical and chemical investigations with fertilizers, feeding stuffs, foods, 
condiments, dairy products, and seeds. 

Experiment Station for Plant Diseases, Halle-on-the-Saale. 

Governing hoard. — Prof. J. Kiihn, Halle; Dr. L. Kuntze, Delitzsch; 
Dr. O. Kabe, G. Wesche, Raunitz. 

Station staff. — Prof. M. Hollrung, Dir.; P. Bruno, Asst.; two 
clerks; one helper. 

Origin. — Founded in 1889, and in 1897 brought under the control 
of the Chamber of Agriculture of the Province of Saxony. 

Equipment.- — The station has quarters in the new Chamber of Agri- 
culture building, including a chemical and a narcological laboratoiy, 
one room for the director, one for the library, and one for the assist- 
ant, an office, a large room for collections, and two storerooms. There 
is also a glasshouse with hot and cold rooms, an experiment garden, 
and 25 outdoor plats with cement walls. 

Income.— For 1903, $3,712.80 (State, $1,309; Chamber of Agricul- 
ture, $952; Society of German Sugar Industry, $1,380.40; fees, $71.40). 

Lines of work. — Study of plant diseases and experiments in combating 
diseases and enemies of cultivated plants, especially of sugar beets. 

Physiological Laboratory, Experiment Field, and Park for Domestic Ani- 
mals of the Agricultural Institute of the University, Halle-on-the-Saale. 

Stat ion staff.— Prof . J. Kiihn, Dir.,' Professor Fischer, Chief Div. 
of Dairying; Professor Disselhorst, Vet. Clinic; Professor Nachtweh, 
Mach. Lab.; Prof. G. Baumert, Chief Expt. Lab.; Dr. P. Holde- 
fleiss, in charge of collections; Doctor Buhlert, Lab. Asst.; Doctor 
Bode, Asst. Chem.; W. Staudinger, Asst. Physiol. Lab.; Schonemann, 
Expt.; P.. Mentzel, Admin, of Expt. Field and Park for Domestic 
Animals; Griissner, Overseer of Park for Domestic Animals; Fiilberth, 
Form, of Expt. Field. 

Origin. — Founded in 1863 in connection with the Agricultural Insti- 
tute of the University of Halle. 

Equipment. — Experiment fields, park, agricultural and physiological 
laboratories, vegetation house, and the laboratories of the institute. 

Income. — For 1902, a subsid}^ of $285.60 and other necessary funds 
from the Agricultural Institute. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in animal and plant nutrition and 
diseases, including methods of culture, sugar-beet diseases and culture, 
and green manuring; determination of feeding standards; cattle breed- 
ing and experiments to determine losses of nitrogen in manures. 



130) EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Botanic Experiment Station, Hamburg. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of the Chamber of Agriculture. 

station staff. — Dr. Oscar Burchard, Dir. 

Origin. — Organized in L891, and in LM'7 brought under the control 
of the Schleswig-Holstein Chamber of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratory containing special apparatus for testing 
seeds and flours, and experiment fields. 

Income.— For 1902, $714 (Chamber of Agriculture, $178.50; fees, 
$535.50). 

Lines of work. — Vegetation and tillage experiments; seed testing; 
microscopic investigation of feeding stuffs, botanical articles of com- 
merce, etc. 

Botanic Museum and Laboratory for Commercial Products, Hamburg. 

Station staff. — Prof. E. Zacharias, Dir. 

The museum includes two divisions devoted to the investigation of 
commercial seeds and plants: (1) Division for seed control, founded 
in 1891, Dr. A. Voigt, Dir.; income for 1903, $1,112.10. (2) Division 
for plant protection, founded by the State in 1898, Dr. C. Brick, Dir.; 
income for 1903, $5,950. This division controls the importation of live 
plants from foreign countries, investigates means of repression in the 
case of outbreaks of plant diseases, and exercises control over the 
grape nurseries, vineyards, and orchards in the region. 

Agricultural Experiment Station for the Study of Plant Growth, 
Hamburg-Horn . 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Ullmann, Dir. and Agr.; Drs. Bischkopf, 
Rademacher, and Wiengreen, Chem.; Dr. H. Schmidt, Asst. Chem,.; 
two laboratory helpers, one gardener in the experimental work, two 
stewards, twelve agricultural students. 

Origin. —Founded by the Society of German Fertilizer Manu- 
facturers. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in plant growth, especially of various 
commercial fertilizers in their effect upon field crops and meadows. 

Dairy Experiment Station, Hameln, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — The council of the Chamber of Agriculture for 
the Province of Hanover. 

Station staff. — Prof. P. Vieth, Dir.; two assistants, one clerk. 

Origin. — Founded in L893 by the Royal Agricultural Society of 
Cello. The station is connected with the Dairy Institute of Hameln, 
which comprises also a dairy school and a. bureau of information. 

Equipment.- Two laboratories equipped with apparatus for analyz- 
ing milk and dairy products. 



GERMANY. 137 

Income.— For the Dairy Institute for 1902, $4,522 (State, $2,975; 
Chamber of Agriculture, $476; foes, $1,071). 

Lines of work. — Investigation of dairy problems; examination of 
dairy machinery, especially cream separators; determination of butter 
fat, etc., for dairies and for private persons. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Hildesheim, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Board of directors of the Chamber of Agricul- 
ture for the Province of Hanover. 

Station staff. — Dr. Carl Aumann, Dir.; Doctors Wehner, R. Rein- 
mann, Giinther, A. Hensen, and Engineer Gutmann, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1870 by the General Agricultural and Forestry 
Society of Hildesheim; from 1878 to 1899 under the Royal Agricul- 
tural Society of Celle; since then under the Chamber of Agriculture 
for the Province of Hanover. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building. 

Income.— For 1903, $10,234 (State, $1,071; fees for analyses, $9,163). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
and seeds; experiments in agricultural technology and fertilizers. 
The station is a public institution for the investigation of foods and 
condiments. 

Experiment Stations of the Agricultural High School, Hohenheim, 

Wurttemberg. 

Governing board. — Under the control of the Ministry of Religion 
and Public Instruction. 

Station staff.- — Dr. E. V. Strebel, Dir. of Agr. High School. 

Agricultural Chemical Station: Prof. A. Morgen, Dir.; Prof. 
Herman Sieglin, V.-Dir. and Agr.; Dr. W. Zielstorff, C. 
Beger, G. Fingerling, Westhausser, and Huss, Chems.; Doctor 
Lossen, Asst. in Chem.; W. Starz, Sten.; four helpers. 
Botanical Institute: Prof. O. Kirchner, Dir.; Dr. J. Michal- 
owski, Asst. Seed Testing; Drs. K. Braun and O. Dickel, 
Assts. Veg. Path. 
Station for Testing Agricultural Implements: Prof. Carl 
Fruwirth, Dir. 

Institute of Technology: , Dir.; Drs. A. Klaiber 

andPulvermi'iller, Assts. Chem.; Dr. A. Ebertz, Asst. Physiol.; 
Schaller, Asst. Brew. 
Origin. — The Agricultural High School was founded in 1847; the 
Agricultural Chemical Station, in 1865; the Seed Testing Station, in 
1877; Station for Testing Agricultural Implements, in 1883; experi- 
ments in daiiying, fermentations, fish culture, etc., in connection 
with the Institute of Technology, from 1891 to 1894. 

Equijnnent. — The station building, erected in 1899 at a cost of 
,700, contains 11 laboratories, storerooms, and apartments for the 



138 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

director and his servant. The old building contains 2 workrooms and 
apartments for 3 chemists. There are also technological laboratories, 
stables containing feeding stalls, dairy buildings, an experimental 
brewery, an implement hall, a glass vegetation house containing tracks 
and 18 cars in which some -too zinc pots used in vegetation experiments 
are moved about, a lysimeter, experiment fields covering 18 acres. 
reservoirs; meteorological and other apparatus, etc. 

Income. —For 19o<>: Agricultural Chemical Station, $0.223. To from 
the State; Seed Testing Station, $1,400. 

Lines of work. — The work of the Agricultural Chemical Station 
includes pot and field experiments in plant growth and plant nutrition, 
experiments in animal nutrition, anaylsis and control of fertilizers and 
feeding stuffs, investigation of diseases of plants and animals, investi- 
gation of soils; the Seed Testing Station — test and control of seeds, 
variety tests, etc. ; the Station for Testing Agricultural Implements — 
dynamometric and other tests of harvesters, mowing machines, and 
all kinds of farm machinery and implements; Institute of Technology — 
investigation of milk and dairy products, growing of pure cultures of 
yeasts, and investigations in wine production and in the breeding of 
fish, poultry, and farm animals. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Insterburg, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Committee appointed by the Provincial Agricul- 
tural Central Society. 

Station staff. — Dr. W. Hoffmeister, Dir.; Dr. R. Braun and Miss 
Schulemann, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1858 by the Agricultural Central Society of 
Lithuania and Mazura. 

Income.— For 1903, $4,046 (State, $1,071; province, $238; Agricul- 
tural Central Society, $285.60; fees, $2,451.40). 

Lines of work. — Investigations in plant physiology; control of fer- 
tilizers, seeds, foods, and condiments. 

Agricultural Experiment and Control Station of the University, Jena, 

Saxe-Weimar. 

Station staff. — I. Division of Chemistry: Prof. H. ImmendorfT, 
Chief; Dr. O. Lemmermann, E. Eldau, M. Zapfe, Miss M. Densov, 
and H. Mentz, Assts.; three helpers. II. Division of Agriculture: 
Professor Edler, Chief; Sprenger, Asst. III. Division of Animal 
Physiology: Doctor Klee, Chief; Promnitz, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1861 by the State. 

Equipment. — The station makes use of the institute laboratories and 
an experiment field of 4^ acres. 

Income.— For 1903, about $1,522 ($1,428 from Weimar, Altenburg, 
Weiningen, and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen; receipts from experi- 
ments and control work about $3,01)4). 



GERMANY. 139 

Lines of ivork. — Experiments in plant and animal nutrition; inves- 
tigation of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and foods; seed control. 

District Agricultural Field and Experiment Station, Kaiserlautein, 

Bavaria. 

Governing hoard. — Agricultural Committee of the Palatinate. 

Station "toff. — Doctor Prove, Dir.; Dr. Blanck, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the president of the Palatinate. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, experiment field containing nearly 41 
acres, farmyard, and stables. 

Income. — For 1903, $2,380 from the agricultural committee. 

Lines of work. — Field and fertilizer experiments; investigation of 
fertilizer production and conservation, and of dairy products. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Kempen-on-the-Rhine, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Rhine Province Farmers' 
Society, L. Bonniger (Chair.), SchmoTbovich. 

Station staff. — Dr. Gottf r. Fassbender, Dir.; Jos. Kern, M. Juncker, 
Dr. A. Y. Grevillius, H. Deegener, Fr. Baier, Assts.; two laboratory 
assistants; three clerks; two helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1883 by the Rhine Province Farmers' Society. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory and dairy laboratory, the latter 
erected in 1896. 

Income— For 1903, $11,454.91 (province, $714; fees, $10,707.38; 
miscellaneous, $33.56). 

Lines of work. — Investigation of farm products, fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, seeds, etc.; control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; and 
daily investigations. 

Agricultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture of the 
Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Prussia. 

This station was founded in 1870 b} T the Schleswig-Holstein Agricul- 
tural Central Societ} T , and reorganized and broadened in 1877 to 
include three divisions, each with an independent staff. For the sup- 
port of these divisions the State makes annual appropriations, but each 
division also receives fees for analyses. 

Agricultural Chemical Division. 

Stationstaff. — Prof. A. Emmerling, Dir.; Dr. H. Wehnert, V.-Dir.; 
Drs. H. Hossbach, W. Moller, F. Doepmann, and F. Sieden, Assts. 

Equipment. — A chemical laboratory containing apparatus for experi- 
mental and control work. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $7,140 (State, $714; fees, $6,426). 



140 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments, investigations in plant growth 
and agricultural chemistry, analysis and control of fertilizers and feed- 
ing st nil's. 

Dairy Division 

Station staff. — Prof. H. Weigmann, Dir.; Dr. H. Hoft. C 'hief Dairy 
Kij>ts.; Drs. Franz Lauterwald and G ruber, Chem. Bad.; Doctors 
Burr and Bartsch, Dairy Assts.; O. Lindemann, Form, of Dairy. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories, one a modern daily building with 
cheese rooms; experiment barn for 10 cows. The station uses about 
6,000 pounds of milk per day. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $8,449 (State, $3,094; province, $2,380; fees, 
$2,975). 

Lines of work.— The work of the dairy division is divided into two 
parts: (1) Chemical and bacteriological investigations, (2) investiga- 
tions and control of dairy products and instruction in dairying. 

Feeding Stuffs Division. 

Station staff. — Dr. C. Reese, Dir.; Dr. G. Ritzmanr, V.-Dir.; 
Doctors Iggeno, Isernhagen, and R. Fresenius and PI. Spies, Assts. 

Income. — For 1902-3, fees for anabyses amounting to $6,354.60. 

Lines of work.— Investigation of feeding stuffs for the chiefs of 
police in the province, except in Altona, and for other officers and 
private citizens. 

Seed Control Station, Kiel. 

The station is a private institution, under the control of Prof. H. 
Rodewald, director of the Agricultural Institute of Christian- 
Alhrecht's Universitj^, who is also director of the station, and makes 
use of the apparatus of the institute. He is the inventor of the well- 
known Rodewald apparatus for testing seed germination. 

Income. — For 1903, an annual subsidy of $71.40 from the Chamber 
of Agriculture, and fees amounting to about $1,200 annually. 

Lines of work. — Testing and control of seeds. 

Dairy Experiment Station and Institute, Kleinhof-Tapiau, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Gliier, Gergehnen; Doctor Bohme, Konigsberg; 
Doctor Tolkiehn, Fnsterburg; Hippel Gross Kvylaek; Prof. Frdr. 
Albert, Konigsberg; Dr. K. Hittcher. 

Si 'at 'ion staff. — Dr. K. Hittcher, Dir.; Franz Prylewski, Chem.; 
Franz Rusche, Chem.; J. Gosch, Dairyman. 

Origin. -Founded May 1, 1887, by the Ministry of Agriculture of 
Fast Prussia and the three agricultural central societies of Lithuania 



GERMANY. 141 

and East and West Prussia, as an experimental dairy, and reorganized 
January 1, 1893, as a dairy experiment station. 

Equipment. — The station possesses a modern daily laboratory, pro- 
vided with electric lights and motors for running- the dairy apparatus. 
It is located on the royal domain, the keeper of which, Herr Amtsrath 
Schrewe, has placed his dairy herd of about 1,700 cows at the disposal 
of the station for experimental purposes. 

Income. — The station is mainly self-supporting, but receives aid 
from the State, the Province of East Prussia, and the agricultural cor- 
porations of East and West Prussia. 

Lines of work. — Practical and experimental investigation of dairy 
problems, including feeding experiments with dairy cows; experi- 
ments in making and curing cheese; tests of strainers, separators, 
and other dairy apparatus; laboratory investigations with pure cul- 
tures, etc. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Konigsberg, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Reich, Meyken; Professor Ritthausen; Kiihn, 
Komieten; Kreiss, Konigsberg ; Magnus, ILolstein. 

Station staff. — Prof. G. Klien, Dir. and Cliem.; Drs. A. Kohler, 
Alfred Lemcke, Rockner, Salkovski, and J. Frost, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the East Prussian Agricultural Cen- 
tral Society. 

Income.— For 1903, $7,378 (State $1,190; province, $476; fees, 
$5,712). 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigations and control of fertilizers, 
feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

Dairy Laboratory of the University Agricultural Institute, KOnigsberg. 

Governing board. — Under the control of the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture. 

Station staff . — Prof. Frdr. Albert, Dir.; Dr. Reisch, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1887. The laboratory supplements the work 
of the dairy station at Kleinhof-Tapiau. 

Equipment. — Laboratory of the Agricultural Institute. Milk is pro- 
cured from a dairy at Quadnau. 

Income.— For 1900, $238. 

Li ms of work. — Experiments in animal physiology and dairying. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory of the University, KOnigsberg. 

Staff. — Prof. A. Stutzer, Dir.; Doctors Sambraus and Wangnik, 
Assts. 

Origin. — Established in 1874. 

Equipment. An experiment field of about 4 acres and a vegetation 
station. 

Lines of work. — Investigations of plant nutrition and bacteriology. 



142 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Division of Plant Pathology of the University Agricultural Institute, 

Konigsberg. 

Staff. Prof. E. Gutzeit, Dir. 

Equipment. — Experiment field of about 10 acres. 

Division of Plant Production of the University Agricultural Institute, 

Kdnigsberg. 

Staff.— J Prof. H. Buhlert, Dir.; Doctor Holldack and Knorr, Assts. 

Equipment. — Agricultural physiological laboratory in connection 
with an agricultural-botanical garden of 1\ acres and an arboretum of 
L08 acres. 

Lines of work. — Cultural and variety experiments under local condi- 
tions. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, KOslin, 

Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Principal cf board of directors of the Pomeranian 
Economic Society. 

Station -staff. — Dr. P. Baessler, Dir.; Doctors Brehmer, Volkholz, 
Krische, and Harnoth, Assts.; one clerk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1863 by the Pomeranian Economic Society for 
Plant Physiology and Soil Problems at Regenwalde; removed to K6s- 
1 in in 1893. In 1898 a department for moor culture was added. 

Income.— For 1903, $9,734.20 (State, $1,594.60; province, $285.60; 
agricultural ministry, $714; fees, $7,140). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in plant nutrition, moor culture, and 
with soils in general. 

Agricultural Institute of the University, Leipzig, Saxony. 

Governing hoard. — Under control of the University of Leipzig. 

Station staff. — Prof. Wilhelm Kirchner, Dir. and Agr.; Prof. F. 
Falke, Plant and Animal Breeding ; Prof. W. Strecker, Agrotechny; 
Prof. W. Eber, Vet.; Dr. E. S. Ziirn, Sort.; other assistants and 
helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1869. 

Equipment. — Laboratories; breeding stables for cattle, sheep, and 
swine; well-equipped dairy building; plant house and garden; experi- 
mental field of 60 acres. A new institute building will be occupied 
this year. 

Income.— For 1902, $20,122.90 (State, $16,764.72; fees, etc., 
$3,358.18). 

Lines of work. — In addition to the demonstration work in connec- 
tion with agricultural instruction, various members of the staff engage 
more or less in the investigation of problems in plant breeding, vege- 
table physiology and pathology, animal production, testing of agricul- 



GERMANY. 143 

tural implements and machinery, and the study of diseases of poultry, 
sheep, cattle, and swine. The director is author of the Handbook on 
Dairying, and the veterinarian has made notable investigations on 
chicken cholera, diphtheria in poultry, tuberculosis, influence of for- 
maldehyde on animal discuses, prevention of diseases by use of acid 
litter, etc. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Marburg-, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Chamber of Agriculture of the District of Cassel. 

Stat Jon staff.— Dr. E. Haselhofl, Bit.; Drs. A. Hebebrand, F. Mach, 
Chiefs of Div.; Drs. Fr. Gossel, Ad. Fingerling, P. Waldschmidt, 
G. Mangier, W. Gabel, Luecke, O. Engels, Assts. Chem; H. Kraut, 
Asst. Bot. and Sec; helpers and clerks. 

Origin. — Founded by the Chamber of Agriculture of the District 
of Cassell in 1857, at Altmorschen; removed to Marburg in 1880. 

Equipment. — Laboratory containing apparatus for chemical, bac- 
teriological, and physical experiments; and a glass vegetation house. 

Income.— For 1903, $13,315 (State, $1,111; Ministry of Agriculture, 
$1,517; communal government, $928; fees, $6,699). 

Lines of work. — Vegetation experiments in pots to determine the 
fertilizer needs of Hessian soils; investigation of rock disintegration 
in Hesse; soil bacteriology; experiments to determine the relation of 
bacteria to plant growth; official investigation of foods and water for 
the District of Cassel, and of milk for dairies; control of fertilizers, 
feeding stuffs, and seeds; training of food chemists. 

Royal Agricultural Experiment Station, MGckern, Saxony. 

Governing board. — One trustee appointed by the Economic Society 
of Leipzig and three by the Minister of the Interior; and the director. 

Station staff. — Prof. O. Kellner, Dir.; Prof. O. Bottcher, V.-Dir,; 
Prof. J. Hazard, Agron.; Dr. F. Barnstein, Bot.; Dr. A. Kohler, 
Lab. Dir.; seven assistant chemists. 

Origin. — Founded in 1851 by the Economic Society of Leipzig upon 
its estate in Mockern; brought under the control of the State in 1879. 

Equipment. — Four well-equipped laboratories; a vegetation house 
containing 500 vegetation pots, stable for experiments in animal nutri- 
tion, Pettenkofer respiration apparatus, Berthelot calorimeter; an 
experiment farm. 

Income.— In 1903, $11,839.30 (State, $11,019.10; endowment, $595; 
fees, $2,975; miscellaneous, $219.90). 

Lines of work. — Feeding, breeding, and respiration experiments 
with domestic animals; vegetation experiments; anatysis of soils, fer- 
tilizers, and feeding stuffs; practical investigations for farmers; 
cooperative experiments; studies in plant nutrition. 



144 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN EOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Munich, Bavaria. 

Governing board. — The director and the principal of the agricultural 
division of the Royal Technical High School; the director of the experi- 
ment station; the general secretary of agricultural societies in Bavaria; 
three members appointed by the minister of education; eight farmers. 

Station staff. — Prof. Franz v. Soxhlet, Dir.; Dr. A. Scheibe, 
Asst.; four other assistants; one feeding master; one housekeeper. 

Origin. — Founded in 1857 by the general committee of the agricul- 
tural societies in Bavaria for animal and plant plrysiologv; reorgan- 
ized in 1869; since 1872 a State institution connected with the Royal 
Technical High School. 

Equipment. — In the autumn of 1899, at a cost of $41,650, a labora- 
tory building was completed which contains four large laboratories, 
three balance rooms, six small workrooms, three offices, two libraries, 
machine room equipped with electric motor power, experimental stalls, 
electric lighting, steam heating, and other modern improvements. 
Two rooms for seed testing are in an old building. 

Income.— For 1903, $7,068.60 (State, $4,926.60; fees, $2,142). 

Lines of work. — Investigations in animal and plant physiology, and 
control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

Agricultural Physiological Laboratory and Experiment Field, Munich. 

Governing board. — Under the control of the Royal Technical High 
School in Munich. 

Station staff . — Prof. C. Kraus, Dir.; H. Metzner, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 in connection with the Roj^al Technical 
High School. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment field. 

Income. — For 1902, $476 (exclusive of salaries, heating, etc.) from 
the State. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in agricultural physics and physi- 
ology. 

Station for Scientific Brewing, Munich. 

Governing board. — Committee of the Society of Brewers. 

Station staff.— Prof. C. J. Lintner, Dir.; Dr. J. Brand, V.-Dir.; 
Dr.H. Will, Chief Div. of Physiol.; Dr. W. Schwackhofer, Tech. Offi- 
cial for Business Revision. 

Origin. Founded in L874 as the Laboratory for Brewing; reor- 
ganized the same year under the management of the Society of 
Brewers. 

Income. -For L903, $14,994 (contributions from members of the 
Society of Brewers, $9,044; fees, $5,950). 



GERMANY. 145 

Lines of work. — Chemical analyses, constructing and testing new 
apparatus and instruments used in scientific investigations for brewers, 
experiments in the brewing of beer. 

Agricultural Botanic Institute, Munich. 

Governing hoard. — Council consisting of representatives of both 
divisions of the Royal Bavarian Ministry of State; the director of the 
Central Agricultural Experiment Station of Munich; principal of the 
Moor Culture Institute; director of the Seed Laboratory of the Royal 
Academy of Agriculture and Brewing, Weihenstephan; four farmers 
appointed by the Bavarian Agricultural Council and four appointed 
by the Royal Ministry of State of the Interior. 

Station staff. — Dr. Lorenz Hiltner, Dir.; four assistants, and a 
servant., 

Origin. — Organized October 1, 1902. 

Equipment. — An experiment held. 

Income. — Five thousand eight hundred and thirty-one dollars per 
annum from the State. 

Lines of work. — Improvement of methods of plant production; 
botanical experiments; cultural, fertilizer, and plant-breeding experi- 
ments; stud}?" and investigation of the bacteria of soils, foods, and fer- 
tilizers, etc. ; combating diseases and insect enemies injurious to plants; 
examination of seeds; botanical, microscopic, and bacteriological inves- 
tigations of feeding stuffs, and the instruction of farmers by means of 
practical demonstrations, lectures, and publications. 

Moor Culture Institute, Munich. 

Staff. — Dr. Anton Baumann, Dir. 

Origin. — Established January 1, 1895, by the Division of Agricul- 
ture and Commerce of the Ministry of the Interior. 

Equipment. — Two office rooms, a chemical laboratory, and six work- 
rooms provided by the Division of Agriculture and Commerce of the 
Ministry of the Interior. 

Income. — The institute has been aided financially by the Ministry of 
Finance, the Government of Swabia, the Bavarian Agricultural Coun- 
cil, the German Agricultural Society, and individuals. 

lines of work. — By means of numerous experiment fields in differ- 
ent parts of Bavaria the institute is conducting investigations for the 
improvement of moorlands, including drainage, fertilizer, and cultural 
experiments, the latter principally with cereals, potatoes, and beets; 
destruction of weeds, and meteorological investigations. Four of 
these experiment fields have in recent years become moor culture 
stations, viz, at Karlshuld (Th. Mayer), at Puchheim (Dr. Eugene 
Gully), at Bernau (Dr. A. Baumann), and at Erding (J. A. Hensele). 
5368— No. 112—04 10 



146 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Munster, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Von Laer; L. Waldeyer, Driburg; Opmeyer, 
Borgholzhausen; C. Herold, Loeveli/nMoe; Doctor Schulz, Soest; Von 
Vogelsang, Echendorf; Doctor Schleh. Munster; Prof. J. Konig. 

Station staff. — Prof. J. Konig, Dir.; Dr. A. Boemer, V.-Dir., and 
Chief Dw. ofFert.. Soil*, and Feeding Stuffs; Dr. A. Spieckermann, 
Chief Div. of Pract. Work; Doctors Hasenbaumer, Mayer, Behre, 
Scholl, Matz, Tillmans, Hurdelbrink, Lemcke, Wagener, A. Palmer, 
and P. Schreiber, Assts.; five laboratory helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1871 by the Agricultural Provincial Society of 
Westphalia and Lippe. 

Equipment. — Large and well-equipped laboratory, vegetation house, 
director's dwelling, and five or six dwellings for employees, outbuild- 
ings for storage and preparation of materials, masonry lysimeter, and 
complete apparatus for meterological observations. 

Income.— For 1903, $22,538.60 (State, $3,281.10; provincial gov- 
ernment, $3,165.10; Chamber of Agriculture, $952; fertilizer and feed- 
ing stuffs control, $166.60; fees, $11,970.20). 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigations in plant nutrition, relation 
of nitrogen to plant growth, and the effects of sewage from factories; 
control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, soils, and manures, and meteoro- 
logical observations. 

Experiment and Control Station, 01denburg--on-the-Main. 

Station staff. — Prof. P. Petersen, Dir.; H. Holdmeier, V. Eisner, 
E. Moller, Assts.; H. Vollers, Expert; A. Kirsten, Chief Dairy Div. 

Origin. — Founded in 1876 b} T the Oldenburg Agricultural Society. 

Income.— For 1903, $6,311.50, fees. 

Lines of work. — Control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; and 
agricultural experiments. 

Experiment Station for Upper Lrusatia, Pommritz, Saxony. 

Governing hoard. — Three representatives of the constitutional 
estates, two of the district agricultural society, one of Upper Lusa- 
tia, one government commissioner, and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Prof. G. Loges, Dir.; Drs. K. Miihle, A. Schuler, 
P. Schonherr, Assts.; two laboratory assistants; one clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1857 at Weidlitz; removed in 1861 to a site 
purchased at Pommritz. 

Equipment. — Stables, laboratory, and experiment field. 

Income.— Fov 1903, $6,610.20 (State, $1,128; constitutional estates, 
$1,666; Bautzen district society, $211.20; fees, $3,091; miscellaneous, 
$238). 



GERMANY. 147 

Lines of work. — Field and stall experiments in animal nutrition; 
field and laboratory experiments with plants and fertilizers; dairy and 
soil investigations; control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Posen-Jersitz, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Trustees appointed by the minister of agricul- 
ture of the Province of Posen. 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Gerlach, Dir.; Doctor Krenz, Asst. Dir.; 
Doctor Jungner, Bot.; Doctor Vogel, Bad.; Doctors Werner, 
Knoetsch, Densch, Ihle, Obarski, and Schafer, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1877 by combining the experiment stations at 
Kuschen (founded in 1861) and Bromberg (founded in 1873). 

Income.— For 1902, $13,066.20 (Ministry of Agriculture, $2,713.20; 
provincial assembly, $357; provincial ministry of agriculture, $952; 
fees, $9,011). 

Lines of work. — Investigations in animal nutrition, plant growth, 
and industries related to agriculture; control of fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, and seeds. 

Dairy Institute, Proskau, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Gerlach, Oppeln; Dr. V. Kutzleb, Breslau; 
Von Teichman and Logischen, Domhrowski; Wichelhaus, JVievjodn i k ; 
and the director. 

Station staff. — Dr. J. Klein, Dir.; Drs. H. Purfiirst, Emanuel 
Kroner, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1878 by. the Central Agricultural Society of 
Silesia. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building and fully equipped dairy, in 
which from 500 to 600 pounds of milk are daily manufactured into 
butter and cheese. 

Income.— For 1903, $2,760.80 (State, $1,356.60; provincial assem- 
bly, $1,404.20). 

Lines of work. — Practical and experimental work in dairying and 
cheese making; lectures to the public and to societies on dairy subjects. 

Experiment Station for Plant Physiology, Proskau. 

Governing hoard. — Connected with the Royal Pomological Institute 
at Proskau and under the same management. 

Station staff. — Prof. R. Stoll, Dir.; Dr. Richard Ewert, Chief Div. 
Bot.; Dr. R. Otto, Chief Div. Chem.; Doctor von Oven, Asst. Bot.; 
Dr. B. Tolmacz, Asst. Chen. 

Origin. — Founded in 1873 by the State. 

Income. — Five hundred and eleven dollars and seventy cents from 
the State, also various sums for the library and sundry expenditures 
from the Pomological Institute. 



148 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Chemical and physiological investigations, especially 
with fruit trees, garden plants and their diseases. 

Experiment Station, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 

Governing hoard. — Baron von Maltzan {Chair.), Maltzow; Nolting 
(Pres. of the Patriotic Society), Spriehnsen; Professor Geinitz, Ros- 
tock; Von der Sode, Frauenmark; Rettich, Rostock; Von Muller, Or. 
Lunotc; and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Prof. R. Heinrich, Dir.; Dr. H. Gottsch, F. von 
Interzenka-Morgenstern, E. Frankel, and C. Beer, Assts. in Control 
Dim.; Dr. M. Dude and M. Pollock, Assts. in Sci. Div.; Dr. H. Zhn- 
mermann, Plant Protection; F. Kriiger, Methods of Culture; one 
secretary, two helpers, one gardener, field master, and feeding master. 

Origin. — Founded in 1875 through the cooperation of the Govern- 
ment and the Patriotic Society. 

Equipment. — Vegetation house, two farm buildings containing 
experiment stalls, and a 15-acre experiment field. 

Income.— For 1903, $12,376 (State, $1,998; Agricultural Society, 
$559.30; fees, $6,161.70; miscellaneous, $357). 

Lines of work. — Plant physiology; feeding experiments; cultural 
experiments; control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

Flax Culture Station of the Royal Prussian Department of Commerce, 
Sorau, "Wurttemberg. 

Alois Herzog, Dir. and Chem. 
Established in 1900. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Speyer, Bavaria. 

Governing hoard. — The district agricultural committee of the r>alat- 
inate. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Halenke, Dir.; Drs. Max Kling, Simon, 
and Engels, Assts. in Agr. Div. ; Drs. O. Krug, Muller. and Theo. 
Schmidt, Assts. in pood Div. 

Origin. — The station includes two divisions: (1) The agricultural 
division, which was established in 1875 by the district committee of 
agriculture of the palatinate, and (2) the division of foods and condi- 
ments, established in 1881 by the State. 

Equipment. — Laboratories recently erected. 

Income.— For 1903, $8,568 (district, $1,356.60; fertilizer factories. 
$1,213.80; State, $476; eity and rural communities, $1,999.20; its own 
receipts, $2,618; agricultural society. $904.40). 

Lines of work. — Investigation and control of fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, and seeds; experiments in plant physiology; testing of foods 
and condiments; expert testimony for the Government; itinerant food 
control. 



GERMANY. 149 

Station for Plant Physiology and Seed Control, Tharand, Saxony. 

Governing board. — One government representative and eight mem- 
bers who represent: The Royal Saxony Agricultural Commission, Dis- 
trict Agricultural Societ}^ of Dresden, Tharand Forestry Academy, 
horticulture, and the Tharand and Dresden stations themselves, which 
are under the same governing board. 

Station staff. — Dr. F. Nobbe, a Dir. ; Dr. Jos. Simon, Plant Physiol. ; 
Drs. L. Richter and A. Muth, Chem,; K. Gebhardt, Gard. Form.; 
G. Vette, Clerk; one laboratory helper. 

Origin. — Organized in 1869 by the Dresden District Agricultural 
Society; brought under State control in 1875; division of gardening 
added in 1886. When the Experiment Station for Plant Culture at 
Dresden was organized in 1890, both stations were placed under the 
same governing board. 

Equipment. — Chemical and physiological laboratories, vegetation 
house equipped for water-culture experiments, complete apparatus 
for seed testing, a large collection of preserved seeds, and a small 
experimental garden. 

Income.— For 1903, $4,221.50 (State $3,439.10; Dresden District 
Agricultural Society, $71.40; fees, $714). 

Lines of work. — This station was the first to exercise seed control, a 
line of work which has been conducted at Tharand for more than 
thirty years. The station is also noted for the water-culture method of 
studying plant nutrition developed by Doctor Nobbe and for the work 
done in helping to establish the relation between the root tubercles of 
leguminous plants and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The 
work of the station includes also the investigation of other phases of 
plant growth, plant diseases, soil bacteriology, and forestry problems. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Triesdorf, Bavaria. 

Station staff. — Prof. Ph. Schreiner, Dir.; A. Kleeman, Chief of 
Chem. Work; F. Zeis, Asst. Chem.; H. Behr, Chief of Seed Control 
Work. 

Origin. — Founded in 1874 by the district committee of the Agricul- 
tural Societ} T of Mittelfranken. 

Equipment. — Vegetation house and experimental field. 

Income,— For 1903, $954.38 (district, $261.80; agricultural society, 
$311.78; fees, $380.80). 

Lines of work. — Investigation of agricultural and related problems, 
and of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. 

"Retired from active duty October 1, 1904. 



150 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Forestry Experiment Station of the University, Tubing-en, Wurtteinberg. 

Prof. T. von Lorey, Dir. 

The department of forestry in this university has an annual appro- 
priation of about $1,095 for use in forestry investigations. 

Laboratories of the Royal Academy of Agriculture and Brewing, Weihen- 

stephan, Bavaria. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Ministry of Religion 
and Public Instruction. 

Station staff. — Prof. H. Vogel, Dir. I. Division of Agriculture: 
Prof. M. Biicheler (four assistants), Distil Inn/; Prof. Th. Henkel, 
Dairy; Hoflich, Agr. Micros.; Prof. Kraus (two assistants), Seed 
Testing and Growing/ Prof. H. Puchner, Machim Testing; Professor 
Wagner (one assistant), Field Expts. and Plant Growth; Prof . E. 
Wein (two assistants), Agr. ('hem.; Prof. H. Puchner, Soils; Prof. 
J . E. Weiss. Pin nf Protection and Plant Diseases; Prof. E. Wein (one 
assistant). Moor Culture. II. Division of Brewing: Professor ( hmzen- 
miiller (one assistant), Machine Tech.; Professor Krandauer, Chan.; 
Doctor Lull', Fermentation; Prof. H. Vogel (eight assistants), Brew- 
ing Tech. 

Origin. — Experiments at Weihenstephan were begun in 1888, in con- 
nection with the work of the Royal Academy. Nearly all members of 
the station staff are also members of the academy teaching force, and 
there is no very clear distinction between their duties as investigators 
and as instructors. A moor culture laboratory was added April 3, 
1903. 

Equipment. — The experimental work is carried on in the labora- 
tories of the acadenry, among which are laboratories for chemistry, 
agricultural chemistry, dairying, microscopy, soil physics, seed test- 
ing, machine technology, distilling, brewing, pure-seed culture, and 
moor culture. There are also experiment fields, a botanic garden, an 
apiary, fishery, hop garden, brewery, distillery, arboretum, and other 
accessories. 

Income. — For 1900, State subsidy amounting to about $952. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with field crops, seeds, and soils; 
investigation of diseases of plants, dairy problems, and problems con- 
nected with brewing and distilling. 

Viticultural Experiment Station, Weinsberg, Wurttemberg. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction. 
Station staff. — Prof. R. Meissner, Dir.; two assistants; one helper. 
Origin. — Established in 1900 by the government of Wurttemberg. 
J:\/uij)nn nl. -Chemical and microscopical laboratories, balance room, 
culture room, sterilizer room, and workroom for the director. 



GEKMANY. 151 

Income.— For 1901, $737.80, of which 1690.20 was appropriated by 
the State. 

Lines of work. — Breeding and distribution of pure-wine yeast, 
chemical and microscopical investigation of faults and diseases of 
wines, determination of diseases of grapevines, and the giving of 
advice and instruction in cellar management in methods of combating 
diseases of the vine. The station maintains short special courses in 
various phases of wine production and is headquarters for general 
agricultural information in Stuttgart. 

Experiment Station, Wiesbaden, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Chamber of Agriculture of the District of 
Wiesbaden. 

Station staff . — Prof. H. Fresenius, Dir.; F. Ruppel, Chem, 

Origin. — Founded in 1881 by the Agricultural and Forestry Society 
of Nassau. 

Equipment. — The station is maintained in connection with the 
famous Fresenius Analytical Laboratory, and uses the equipment of 
this laboratory. 

Income,— For 1903, $1,166.20 (State, $571.20; fees, $595). 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigations and control of fertilizers 
and feeding stuffs. 

Dairy Experiment Station and Institute, Wreschen, Prussia. 

Governing hoard. — Chamber of Agriculture of the Province of 
Posen. 

Station staff. — Dr. H. Tiemann, Dir.; K. Teichert, Asst. Dir. 

Origin.— Established in 1897. 

Equipment. — A chemical and bacteriological laboratory, a machine- 
testing room, library, and an experimental cheese factory. 

Income.— For 1902, $3,439.10 (State, $952; Chamber of Agriculture, 
$1,166.20; Province of Posen, $176; fees, $811.90). 

Lines of work. — In connection with the instruction of students, con- 
siderable scientific investigation is carried on. This includes the 
testing of dairy machinery, investigations in connection with cheese 
and butter making, and analytical work. The station analyzes on an 
average 20,000 samples of cheese for dairy authorities. 

District Agricultural Experiment Station, Wurzburg, Bavaria. 

Station staff. — Dr. Th. Omeis, Dir.; S. Schulhofer, Asst. Chem.; 
one laboratory assistant; one gardener. 

Origin. — Organized in 1868 bj T the district agricultural committee 
of Unterfranken and Aschaffenburg; reorganized in 1898. 

Equipment. — Chemical, botanical, and bacteriological laboratory; 
experimental wine cellar and vineyard. 



152 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income.— For 1903, $2,856 (State and district, $952; fees, $1,904). 

Lines of work. — Scientific investigations in the interest of agricul- 
ture and industries related to agriculture, including viticulture, con- 
trol of fertilizers, feeding - stuffs, and seeds; official investigations for 
the royal customs authorities. The station is the State bureau of 
information on plant protection and plant diseases. 

GOLD COAST. 

Botanic Garden, Aburi. « 

Governing hoard. — Botanic Department, W. H. Johnson, Chief. 

Staff.— W. H. Johnson, Cur.; A. E. Evans, Asst. Cur.; J. C 
Stoner, Overseer; J. S. Martinson, Asst. in Chargt of Accra Cocoanut 
Plantation; E. A. Brew. Asst. in Charge of Christiansborg Castle 
Garden; two clerks. 

Equipment. — Botanic garden and plantations of rubber and kola 
trees at Aburi, and of cocoanut palms at Accra; nurseries containing 
about 100,000 economic plants in pots and 50,000 in nursery rows; 
greenhouses; potting house; herbarium, etc. 

Lines of work. — The botanical department, through the agency of 
the Botanic Garden, is engaged in promoting agricultural interests 
throughout the colony, and to this end is propagating and distributing 
economic plants and seeds, including those of tobacco, cotton, fiber 
plants, rubber trees, spice plants, cacao, kola, coffee, and others suit- 
able to a tropical climate. Annual reports are published. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, London. 

The Right Hon. The Earl of Onslow, G. C. M. G., Pres.; Sir T. H. 
Elliott" K. C. B., Sec; Walter E. Archer. Asst. Sec. in charge of 
Fishery Interests. 

In England and Wales government aid for agricultural education 
and experimental research is made through the agency of the Board of 
Agriculture and Fisheries, which was established in 1889, and "con- 
sists of the Lord President of the Council, His Majesty's Principal 
Secretaries of State, the First Commissioner of the Treasury, the 
Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 
and the Secretary for Scotland, with such other persons as His Maj- 
esty may from time to time think fit to appoint during his pleasure." 
During the past thirteen years the board has made general grants in 
aid of agricultural instruction and research to such colleges and local 
institutions as have carried on their work in a manner to meet its 
approval. In 1902-3 these grants amounted to $43,254 and were made 

«See Royal Gardens*, Kew, p. 161. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 153 

to ton colleges, two farm schools, and three dairy institutes. The col- 
leges are now cooperating in educational and research work with forty 
separate administrative counties, the colleges furnishing lecturers for 
local instruction and providing for the proper supervision of local 
demonstration plats and agricultural experiments. The grants to 
dairy institutes were made because these institutions possessed excep- 
tional facilities for instruction or were in districts not served by the 
collegiate centers. 

In addition to class-room instruction, these subsidized institutions 
engage in two lines of scientific work, namely, field demonstrations 
and agricultural experiments conducted at the collegiate centers or at 
various places in the county or in adjacent counties. The former are 
intended merely to demonstrate to college students and to farmers the 
value of improved methods of culture; the latter more nearly approach 
scientific investigation, -although thej^ are confined mostly to field 
experiments. 

The Board of Agriculture also makes special grants to a number of 
colleges and other institutions for the investigation of special problems 
in agriculture. In 1902-3 these special grants amounted to $-±,199.04:, 
and were given to one university, four colleges, one agricultural and 
dairy institute, four societies, and the Somerset County Council. 

Agricultural Research Association, Aberdeen, Scotland. 

Governing board. — Executive committee appointed by the subscrib- 
ers and the director. 

Station staff. — Thomas Jamieson, Dir.; several assistants. 

Origin. — Organized in 1875. 

Equipment. — Station building, experiment field, vegetation house, 
laboratory, large rain gauge, and observatory. 

Income. — For 1901-2, $1,160 (Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 
$187; local subscriptions, $973). 

Lines of work. — Research investigations on farm crops. Annual 
reports are issued to subscribers, agricultural societies, agricultural 
chemists, farmers, and others. 

University College of "Wales (Agricultural Department), Aberystwyth, 

Wales. 

Staff. — D. D. Williams, Lect. in Agr.; William Edwards, County 
Led.; J. Allan Murra} r , Agr. Chem. and Analyst; A. E. Jones, Agr. 
Surveying. Engin.andFor.; Bessie L. Brown, Dairying; J. H. Apple- 
ton, Draw, and Building Construction; J. L. Pickard, Hort. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $13,680.38 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, $3,892; county councils, $9,058.63; fees and miscellaneous, 
$729.75). 



154 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOEEIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Demonstration experiments with various nitrog- 
enous manures on grass land in seven different places in Cardigan- 
shire, Carmarthenshire, Montgomeryshire, and Pembrokeshire. 

Agricultural Experiment Station of the Royal Agricultural Society of 
England (Woburn Experimental Farm), Aspley Guise, R. S. O., Beds. 

Governing hoard. — The Council of the Royal Agricultural Society, 
acting under the chemical and Woburn committee. 

statin/) staff. — Dr. J. A. Voelcker, Dir.; W. H. Hogg, Resident 
Farm Mgr.; H. M. Freear, Asst. Chem, 

Origin. — Founded and endowed by Hastings Russell, Ninth Duke 
of Bedford, in IS 77, for the purpose of ascertaining the values of 
manure obtained by the consumption of different kinds of purchased 
feeds. Pot culture station added in 1898. 

Equipment. — Farm buildings, including feeding boxes; chemical 
laboratory; buildings and complete equipment for pot-culture experi- 
ments; experiment fields, comprised in a farm of 137 acres. 

Income. — About $4,300 per year from endowment funds. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments, including rotations, continuous 
growing of wheat and barley with different manures, growing of 
varieties of barley and other cereals, testing of varieties of clovers 
and forage crops, green manuring; experiments in the laying down 
and subsequent treatment of permanent pastures; investigation of 
silage; feeding experiments; pot experiments in plant nutrition; dis- 
eases of root crops, potatoes, etc. 

University College of North Wales (Agricultural Department) and Farm, 

Bangor. 

Governing hoard. — Court of governors appointed by His Majesty's 
Privy Council, various public bodies, and subscribers. 

Staff. — Thomas Winter, M. A., Agr.; James J. Dobbie, M. A., 
D. Sc., Chem,; A. Baguley, Asst. Agr. Chem.; Reginald W. Phillips, 
M. A., D. Sc, Bot.; Philip J. White, M. B., Zoo!, and Ent,; G. H. 
Bryan, D. Sc, Math.; E. Taylor Jones, D. Sc, Phys.; Griffith 
Evans, M. D., Yet.; a number of assistants and lecturers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1884 and incorporated by Ro}^al Charter in 
1885. 

Equipment. — Well-equipped chemical, physical, botanical, and zoo- 
logical laboratories, with museum attached; farm of 600 acres. 

Income. For 1002-3, $10,775. 98 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, $4,865; county councils, $4,806.62; students' fees, $447.58; 
miscellaneous, $656. 78). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in manuring various farm crops, test- 
ing new varieties, feeding experiments with cattle and sheep; experi- 
ments in breeding; investigation of crop diseases. Demonstration 
experiments are carried on in different localities. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 155 

Bath and West and Southern Counties Society, Bath. 

-Sir C. T. D. Acland, Chair, of Experiments Committee; 
T. H. Plowman, Sec. of Society. All experiments conducted under 
the auspices of the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society are 
in charge of the experiments committee. 

Origin. — During- the past twenty years this society has carried on 
a system of demonstration experiments at various places in the coun- 
ties of southern and western England for the purpose of improving 
farm methods. 

Income. — For 1902-3, grants from the Board of Agriculture and 
Fisheries, amounting to $1,581.61 (for investigation on the origin and 
cause of flavor in dairy products, $973.30; cider experiments, $486.65; 
manure, and mutton experiments, $121.66). 

Lines of work. — Demonstration experiments in seeding and manur- 
ing permanent meadows, investigation of the origin and cause of flavor 
in dairy products, cider experiments, experiments in the production 
of mutton. The cider experiments have extended over a period of 
about eight years, and have resulted in considerable improvement in 
the quality of cider produced. 

Cambridge University (Agricultural Department), Cambridge. 

Staff.- T. H. Middleton, M. A., M. Sc, Agr.; T. B. Wood, 
M. A., Agr. Chem.; R. H. Biffen, M. A., Agr. Bot.; R. A. Berry, 
Asst. Chem.; J. Goodchild, B. A., Supt. Field Work; H. Henshaw, 
Farm Mgr. 

Origin. — The present universit}^ department was founded in 1899 
to take up the work which had, since 1893, been carried on by an 
informal committee of university professors and county council 
representatives. , 

Equipment. — The Agricultural Department is at present accommo- 
dated in the botanical and chemical laboratories of the university. It 
also has a farm of 150 acres, and conducts experiments at other selected 
places in the eastern counties of England. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $1-4,434.45 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, $5,122.85; county councils, $4,086.60; other sources, $5,225). 

Lines of work. — Investigations on the manuring and breeding of 
field crops and study of other agricultural problems. Demonstration 
experiments are carried on in different localities. 

University Botanic Garden, Cambridge. « 

Staff. — Prof. H. M. Ward, Cur.; and a number of assistants. 

Essex Technical Laboratories, Essex County Council, Chelmsford. 

Governing board. — The Essex Education Committee of Essex County 
Council. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



156 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Station sf<tf.—T. Dymond, Ohem.; G. Clarke, H. T. Cranfield, . issts. 
Chem.; E. C. HqrreU, Biol.; F. J. Chittenden. Asst. Biol; B. W. 
Bull, Asst. Agr.; C. Wakely, Hbrt.; Miss A. Matthews, Dairying; 
E. G. Hardy, Asst in Dairying. 

Equipment. Three laboratories; library; botanic garden of 3 acres, 
with a range of greenhouses; a small garden with greenhouse at the 
laboratories; a small modern station. 

Lines of worl'. — Manurial experiments with field crops; bacterio- 
logical investigations, especially in dairy work; experiments in horti- 
culture; investigation of plant diseases; marine biological research; 
instruction in nature study and horticulture to teachers. 

Royal Agricultural College and Farm, Cirencester. 

Governing hoard. — This is a private institution, under the patronage 
of His Majesty King Edward VII. 

Station staff.— -Rev. J. B. McClellan, M. A.,Prin.; Prof. E. Blun- 
dell, Agr. and Dairy; Russell Swanwick, Dir. of Farm ; Andrew- 
Kay, Dairy Mgr.; Prof. E. Kinch, Chem.; W. James, Asst. Cheat.; 
Prof. G. H. Wooldridge, Bad. and Yet.; Prof. G. T. Locke, M. A., 
Phys. and Mecli.; Prof. George Paton, C. E., Surveying and- En-gin.; 
Prof. G. S. West, M. A., Bat., Geol., and Zool.; Dr. W. Schlich, 
For.; a number of other professors and assistants not directly connected 
with the experimental investigations. 

Origin. — The college was founded in 1845. Systematic experiments 
were begun in 1889. 

Equipment. — Farm of 500 acres, botanic garden, college laboratories, 
farm buildings, and veterinary hospital. 

Income. — The college is supported by private contributions and by 
fees received from students. 

Lines of work. — Manurial experiments on field crops, grasses, and 
pastures; experiments in the continuous raising of various grains on the 
same plats; chemical analysis of farm products; feeding experiments. 

Experiment Station, Dalmeny Park, England. 

The Earl of Rosebery has for several years maintained a private 
experiment station at his Dalmeny Park estate, 6 miles from Edin- 
burgh. The experiments are carried on in the interest of the estate, 
which comprises about 6,000 acres. The work is mainly of a practical 
character and is carried on by the men in charge of the various depart- 
ments, no trained specialists being employed. Experiments are made 
with fertilizers for different crops, especially in the use of lime and 
in studying the residual effects of fertilizers. The combating of plant 
diseases also receives attention. Plant selection is practiced, espe- 



GREAT BRITAIN. 157 

chilly with the potato to develop varieties for seed. Considerable 
work is done in feeding cattle for the market, and in crossing Aber- 
deen Angus and Gallowa}^ with the Shorthorn, pure-bred stock being 
used in all cases. While not of a scientific character, the results of 
the station's work have proved very helpful as a guide to good practice. 
No publications are issued. 

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, Dublin, 

Ireland. 

The Eight Hon. G. Wyndham, Chief Secretary for Ireland, Pres.; 
The Right Hon. Horace Plunkett, V.-Pres.; T. P. Gill, Sec. 

The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ire- 
land was organized in 1900 for the purpose of " aiding, improving, 
and developing the agriculture, fisheries, and other industries of Ire- 
land * * * in such a manner as to stimulate and strengthen the 
self-reliance of the people." 

The organization of the department comprises a staff paid from 
funds appropriated by Parliament, with which are associated four 
advisory and cooperating boards or committees, the members of which 
are appointed partly by local county or borough authorities, partly 
by the department, and partly by other officials. These advisory 
bodies are the council of agriculture, the agricultural board, the board 
of technical instruction, and the consultative committee of education. 

The department is provided with an endownent of $807,839, together 
with funds for maintaining a number of institutions turned over to it. 

The work of the department has been divided into 6 branches^namely, 
agriculture, technical instruction, fisheries, statistics and intelligence, 
veterinary science, and accounts. The various enterprises in charge of 
the department are promoted by subsidizing and otherwise encourag- 
ing local effort on the part of the counties, boroughs, and associations, 
the department holding itself in readiness to give expert advice when 
needed. For this purpose special committees on live stock, horse 
breeding, flax, fisheries, etc. , have been organized in the department. 
The distinctive agricultural features already inaugurated are along the 
lines of agricultural instruction, the improvement of live stock, and 
agricultural experiments and investigation. The plans for the improve- 
ment of live stock include the introduction of pure-bred stallions and 
bulls, which are loaned or sold on contract to farmers, and the distri- 
bution of awards for approved animals grown by the farmers. The 
building of cooperative creameries, the erection of plants for pasteur- 
izing milk, and the promotion of other means for encouraging dairy 
husbandry have been brought about by a system of loans. A variety 
of cooperative experiments have been carried out for the purpose of 
introducing tobacco growing, improving methods of cultivation, and 



158 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

reviving fiax culture, which has greatly fallen oil' in Ireland in recent 
years. Other enterprises, also, mostly of a practical nature, have 
been encouraged. 

Royal Dublin Society, Dublin. 

Staff. — Right Hon. Lord Ardilaun, Pres. 

The Royal Dublin Societ} r was founded in the year 1731 and is 
incorporated by Ro} T al Charter for the advancement of agriculture 
and other branches of industry and for the advancement of science 
and art. 

Its income is $121,663 per annum and is derived from subscriptions 
and other private sources. The agricultural work of this society is 
carried on mainly by means of shows, three being held each } T ear on 
the society's grounds near Dublin. It has no permanent experiment 
station, but agricultural experiments are carried on from time to time 
by members in various parts of the country. 

Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Dublin, a 

Experiment Station of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland 
(Pumpherston), Edinburgh, Scotland. 

Governing hoard. — Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, 
James McDonald, Sec. 

Station staff . — Dr. A. P. Aitken, Dir.; Dr. A. McAlpine, Consult- 
ing Bot. 

Income. — This society received in 1902-3 from the Board of Agri- 
culture and Fisheries $364.88 with which to conduct experiments in 
the use of manure and the production of mutton. 

Lines of work. — Agricultural experiments at Pumpherston and on 
selected farms in different parts of the country. 

Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland. « 

I. B. Balfour, Keeper. 

The West of Scotland Agricultural College, Glasgow. 

Governing board. — Representatives elected by the County Councils 
of the Southwest of Scotland, by the Glasgow and West of Scotland 
Technical College, Glasgow University, and the Highland and Agri- 
cultural Society. 

Station staff.— Prof. R. Patrick Wright, Dvr. and Agr.; W. S. D. 
Nidhope, Sv/pt.; John Cuthbertson, Sec. 

Origin. — The research work was organized by the Scotch Education 
Department in 1899. 



a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 159 

Equipment.- -Experiment field at Kilmarnock; experiment plats on 
selected farms in the southwest of Scotland. 

Income. — For the purpose of investigating- problems in the produc- 
tion of mutton, and in the application of manures the West of Scotland 
Agricultural College received in 1902-3 a grant of $364.88 from the 
Board of Agriculture and Fisheries. 

Lines of work. — Experiments at Kilmarnock and on selected farms 
in several other localities with field crops to test the value of various 
manures; feeding experiments, especially with mutton sheep; the 
improvement of poor hill pastures; rotation experiments. 

Botanic Gardens, Glasgow. « 

Governing hoard. — The Botanical Subcommittee of the Corporation 
of Glasgow. 

Staff. — The superintendent (James W. Whitton) and the foreman of 
parks and botanic gardens. 

Origin. — Founded in 1818 by Royal Charter. Taken over by the 
corporation as a public park and botanic garden in 1891. 

Lines of work. — Horticulture. 

Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, near Dublin." 
F. W. Moore, Keej)er. 

Aynsome Agricultural Station, Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire. 

Station staff. — John S. Remington, Dir., Chem. and Bot.; T. M. 
Remington, Agr. and Farm Mgr.; Claude Smith, 1st Asst. Chem.; 
Frank Butler, 2d Asst. < % m.; John E. Rigg, Soil Analyst; K. M. C. 
Butterworth, - Seed Analyst; Robert Addison, Farm Supt.; Daniel 
Finlayson, Grass Expert; Thomas Wilkinson, Elect. Engin.; B. Jacobs, 
Sec. 

Origin. — Founded in 1901 as a private experiment station by J. S. 
and T. M. Remington, who, during the last three years have been con- 
ducting experiments at Aynsome Farm. 

Equipment. — -The buildings include a chemical laboratory; a large 
laboratory for general work; a smaller laboratory for plant analysis; a 
balance room; a library; a botanical laboratory with small greenhouse 
for physiological work; a machine room equipped with electric motor 
and heating and lighting machine; a large greenhouse at the farm 
station equipped with tramways and surrounded by three-fourths of 
an acre occupied by small plats, c}^linders, and zinc pots; a model 
dairy; a feeding house with eight stalls; a digestion house with two 
stalls; a model silo, and complete meteorological apparatus. The farm 
consists of 275 acres of land with the ordinary buildings and experi- 
mental plats covering 11 acres. 



« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



160 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. The station is maintained at the expense of the director. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in agricultural chemistry, plant 
physiology, and soils; feeding experiments with sheep and cattle; 
seed testing, and practical work in dairying and general farming. In 
addition to the investigations carried on, the station receives students 
for instruction in chemistry and agriculture. 

Lawes Agricultural Trust, Rothanisted Experiment Station, Harpenden. 

Governing board. — Trustees: Lord Avebury, Lord Walsingham, and 
Sir John Evans. Managing committee: Four members nominated by 
the Royal Society, two by the Royal Agricultural Society of England, 
and one each by the Chemical Society and the Linnean Society. 

Station staff.— A. D. Hall, M. A., Dir. and Ohem.; N. H. J. Mil- 
ler, Ph. D., Chief Asst.; chemical and botanical assistants; record 
keepers, and clerical staff. 

Origin. — Founded by Sir John B. Lawes in 1843; reorganized in 
1889 when Sir J. B. Lawes transferred the station to the Lawes Agri- 
cultural Trust and endowed it with $186,650. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing chemical and botanical 
laboratories; sample house containing 50,000 specimens; rain and drain 
gauges; experimental fields covering 10 acres. 

Income. — Proceeds of the Lawes endowment of $186,650. 

Lines of work.— Field experiments, including various rotations with 
and without manure; growing wheat, barley, and other crops on the 
same ground year after year without manure, with barnyard manure, 
and with commercial fertilizers; feeding experiments; meteorological 
observations; investigations of composition of rain and drainage waters; 
chemical and botanical investigations of vegetable and meat products; 
investigation of plant growth in relation to root tubercles and the 
assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen. 

Agricultural and Horticultural School, Holmes Chapel. 

Staff. — W. Angus, B. S., Prim, and Agr.; S. Blore, Surveying, 
Engin., and Bookkeeping ; H. Thompson, B. S., Chem.; J. W. East- 
ham, B. S., Bot., Zool., Geol.; W. Neild, Hort.; E. W. Richardson, 
Poultry Keeping; P.Manuel, Vet. 

Origin. — Established by the Cheshire County Council in 1895. 

Equipment. — Farm of 90 acres and farm buildings; a garden of 7 
acres devoted to the growth of fruit, vegetables, and flowers; dairy 
cattle, a small flock of sheep, and pigs. 

Income.— For 1902-3, 121,021.67 (Board of Agriculture and Fisher- 
ies, $973; Cheshire County Council, $10,975.11; Board of Education, 
$754.08; tecs, $1,581.13; farm products and miscellaneous, $6,738.02). 

Lines of work. — Field experiments with potatoes, cereals, and manu- 
rial treatment of swedes and mangels; fruitgrowing. About 12,000 



GREAT BRITAIN. 161 

reports are annually distributed among the farmers of the county, 
while the number of visitors who come to see the farm and garden 
amounts to some 1,000 persons in the course of the year. 

Royal Gardens, Kew. 

Station staff. — Sir W. T. Thiselton-Dyer, Dir.; , Pri- 

vate Sec; W. B. Hemsley. Keeper of Herbarium cud Libr.; D. H. 
Scott. Honorary Keeper, Jodrell Laboratory; J. M. Hillier, Keeper of 
Museums; W. Watson, Cur. of the Gardens. 

Origin. — The Dowager Princess of Wales established a private 
botanic garden in 1759. In 1810 this was adopted as a national estab- 
lishment. 

Equipment. — Two large greenhouses, twenty-four other houses, 
museums, botanical laboratory, herbariums, and library, botanic 
garden, and arboretum of about 300 acres. 

Income. — Annual grants from Parliament of about $126,529. 

Lines of work. — General botanical research; collecting trees, shrubs, 
and plants in all parts of the world; classifying the same, and investi- 
gating their economic value. 

The following botanical gardens and botanic stations of the British 
Isles and colonies cooperate with Kew and are assisted in their work 
largely by the Kew authorities: 

BRITISH ISLES. 

Cambridge. — University Botanic Garden: Prof. H. M. Ward. 
Dublin: 

Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin: F. W. Moore, Keeper. 

Trinity College Botanic Gardens: 
Edinburgh. — Royal Botanic Garden: Prof. I. B. Balfour, Keeper. 
Glasgow. — Botanic Gardens: Prof. Jas. W. Whitton, Supt. 
Oxford. — University Botanic Garden: Prof. S. H. Vines. 

COLONIES. 

Bermuda, — Botanic Station: G. A. Bishop, Supt. 
British Central Africa. — Scientific Department. 

Zomba: J. McClounie, Head of Dept. 
British East Africa: 

Uganda. — Botanic Station, East Africa Protectorate: Alexander Whytc, Bot. 
Zanzibar — 

Dunga: Agricultural Department, R. N. Lyne, Dir. of Agr. 

Dunga Experiment Station, AV. Buzzacott, Supt. 
Zanzibar: Victoria Gardens, W. Buzzacott, Cur. 
British Guiana: 

Berbice. — Botanic Garden: J. Nardamoonie, Keeper. 
Georgetown. — Botanic Garden: A. W. Bartlett, Supt. and Govt. Bot. 
British Honduras: 

Belize. — Botanic Station: Eugene J. F. Campbell, Cur. 
5368— No. 112—04 11 



162 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

British West Indies: 

Antigua. — Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments: W. H. Patterson, Cur. 
Barbados — Imperial Department of Agriculture: I). Morris, Comr. 

Dodd's Reformatory, Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments: J. R. 
Bovell, Supt. 
Dominica. — Botanic Station: Joseph Jones, Cur. 
Grenada. — Botanic Station: W. E. Broadway, Cur. 

Jamaica. — Kingston: Department of Public Gardens and Plantations: Wm. 
Fawcett, Dir. 
Hope Gardens: Wm. Harris, Supt. 

Hope Experiment Station: Wm. Harris, Supt; T. J. Harris, Agr. Instr. 
Castleton Gardens: Wm. Harris, Supt.; J. Campbell, Asst. Supt. 
Cinchona (Hill Garden): Wm. Harris, Supt. 
Kingston Parade Garden: W. J. Thompson, Supt. 
King's House Garden: James Briscoe, Supt. 
Bath: A. Groves, Overseer. 
Montserrat. — Experiment Stations: A. J. Jordan, Agr. Instr. 
St. Kitts-Nevis. — Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments: F. R. Shepherd, 

Actg. Cur. 
St. Lucia. — Botanic Station: J. C. Moore, Agr. Supt. 
St. Vincent. — Botanic Station: W. N. Sands, Agr. Supt. 
Tobago. — Botanic Station: H. Millen, Cur. 

Trinidad. — Botanic Gardens and St. Clair Experiment Station: J. H. Ha.rt,Supt. 
Virgin Islands — 

Tortola. — Experiment Station: W. C. Fishlock, Agr. Instr. 
Canada: 

Ottawa. — Botanic Garden: Prof. J. Macoun, Dominion Bot. 
Cape of Good Hope. — Cape Government Herbarium: Prof. P. MacOwan, Bot. 
Ceylon: 

Peradeniya. — Department of Royal Botanic Gardens: J. C. Willis, Dir.; Hugh 

F. McMillan, Cur. 
Anuradhapura. — Branch Botanic Garden: D. F. de Silva, Con. 
Badulla. — Branch Botanic Garden: D. T. de Alwis, Con. 
Hakgala. — Branch Botanic Garden: William Nock, Supt. 
Henaratgoda. — Branch Botanic Garden: W. Perera, Con. 
Nawara Eliya. — Branch Botanic Garden: D. Michael, Con. 
Falkland Islands.— Government House Garden: Albert Linney, Head Gard. 
Fiji. — Botanic Station : Daniel Yeoward, Cur. 
Gambia. — Botanic Station. 
( rold Coast: 

Aburi. — Botanic Garden: W. H.Johnson, Cur. 
Hongkong. — Botanic and Afforestation Department: Charles Ford, Supt. 
India: 

Bengal — 

Darbhangah. — Maharajah's Garden: Herbert Thorn, Supt. 
Darjeeling. — Lloyd Botanic Garden: G. H. Cave, Cur. 
Calcutta. — Agri-Horticultural Society of India: P. Lancaster, s,, 
Mungpoo. — Government Cinchona Plantations: D. Prain, Supt. 
Silipur. — Department of Royal Botanic Gardens: D. Prain, Supt. 
Bombay Presidency — 

Bombay, — Municipal Gardens: C. D. Mahaluxmivala, Supt. 
(ihorpuri, Poona. — Botanic Garden: P. S. Kanetkar, Supt. 
Karachi. — Municipal Garden. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 163 

India — Continued. 

Bombay Presidency — Continued. 

Poona. — Botanic Department of the College of Science: Prof. G. A. Gam- 
mie, Dir. 
Central Provinces — 

Nagpur. — Horticultural Gardens: J. Home Stephen, Supt. 
Madras — 

Madras. — Agri-Horticultural Society: A. G. Bourne, Hon. Sec. 
Ootacumund. — Botanic Garden: R. L. Proudlock, Cur. 
Ootacumund.— Government Cinchona Plantations: W. M. Standen, Dir. 
Native States — 

Bangalore, Mysore. — Botanic Gardens: J. Cameron, Suj>t. 

Barada. — Botanic Garden: G. H. Krumbiegel, Supt. 

Gwalior. — Botanic Garden: C. Maries, Supt. 

Morvi. — Botanic Garden: Joseph Beck, Supt. 

Trivandrum, Travancore. — Museum and Botanic Gardens: H. S. Ferguson, 

Dir. 
Udaipur. — Botanic Garden: T. H. Storey, Supt. 
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 

Agra. — Taj Garden: A. E. P. Griessen, Supt. 
Allahabad. — Government Gardens: H. J. Davies, Supt. 
Cawnpore. — Botanic Gardens: Norman Gill, Supt. 
Kumaon (Ramghur). — Botanic Garden : F. W. Seers, Supt. 
Lucknow. — Government Horticultural Garden: Matthew Ridley, Supt. 
Saharanpur. — Botanic Department, Northern India: J. F. Duthie, Dir. 
Saharanpur. — Botanic Gardens: William Gollan, Supt. 
Punjab — 

Lahore. — Botanic Garden: H. G. Hein, Supt. 
Lagos. — Botanic Station: E. W. Foster, Cur. 
Malay States. — Experimental Plantations: Stanley Arden, Supt. 

Perak (Taiping). — Government Gardens and Plantations: Robert Deny, Supt. 
Malta. — Argotti Botanic Garden: Prof. Francesco Debono, Dir. 
Mauritius: 

Curepipe. — Botanic Gardens: F. Bijoux, Overseer. 

Pamplemousses. — Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens: J. Vankeirsbilck, 

Dir. 
Reduit. — Botanic Gardens: W. A. Kennedy, Overseer. 
Natal : 

Durban. — Botanic Gardens: J. M. Wood, Cur. 
Pietermaritzburg. —Botanic Garden: Geo. Robertson, Cur. 
New South Wales: 
Sidney — 

Botanic Gardens and Domains: J. H. Maiden, Dir. and Bot. 
Technological Museum: R. T. Baker, Cur. 
New Zealand: 

Christchurch. — Colonial Botanic Garden: Ambrose Taylor, Head Hard. 
Dunedin.— Colonial Botanic Garden: J. McBean, Supt. 
Invercargill.— Colonial Botanic Garden: Thomas Waugh, Head Gard. 
Napier. — Colonial Botanic Garden: W. Barton, Supt. 
Wellington. — Colonial Botanic Garden: G. Gibb, Head Gard. 
Queensland: 
Brisbane — 

Botanic Department : F. M. Bailey, Colonial Bot. 
Botanic Gardens: Philip MacMahon, Cur. 



164 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

< Queensland— Continued. 

Brisbane — Continued. 

Acclimatization Society: Edward Grimley, Sec. and Agr. 
Rockhampton. — Acclimatization Society's Gardens: J. S. Edgar, Supt. 
Seychelles. — Botanic Station: R. Dupont, Cur. 
Sierra Leone. — Botanic Station: J. P. Quinton, Cur. 
South Australia: 

Adelaide. — Botanic Garden: Maurice Holtze, Dir. 

Port Darwin. — Botanic Garden: Nicholas Holtze, Cur. 
Southern Nigeria: 

Old Calabar. — Botanic Garden: , Cur. 

Straits Settlements: 

Penang. — Botanic Garden: Chas. Curtis, Asst. Supt. 

Singapore. — Botanic Gardens: H. N. Ridley, Dir. 
Tasmania: 

Hobart. — Botanic Gardens: F. Abbott, Supt. 
Victoria: 

Melbourne — 

Botanic Gardens: W. R. Guilfoyle, Cur. 
National Herbarium: J. G. Luehmann, Cur. 
Western Australia: 

Perth. — Department of Agriculture: Alexander Morrison, Bot. 

Midland Agricultural and Dairy Institute, Kingston-on-Soar. 

Governing hoard. — A committee appointed by the County Councils 
of Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, and Nottinghamshire. 

Staff. — M. J. R. Dunstan, M. A., Dir. and Agr.; J. F. Blackshaw, 
Resident Mgr. ; F. Wakerleyand J. Murray, B. Sc, Agrs.; J. Golding, 
Chem. and Bad.; A. Levie, Vet.; J. P. W. Marx and J. O. Wallace, 
B. A., Poultry Mgrs.; E. Luckhurst and J. Smith, llorts.; A. Thorn- 
ley, M. A., JEnt.; J. Matthews, Farm Supt.; G. Hayes, Apicultm; ; 
other officers not connected with scientific agricultural investigations. 

Origin. — The dairy department was established in 1895 and the 
agricultural department in 1900, the latter being transferred from 
University College of Nottingham. 

Equipment. — Buildings containing well-equipped laboratories lo- 
cated on the institution farm at Kingston. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $47,550.51 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
cries, $3,648.75; county councils, $17,149.12; fees and miscellaneous, 
16, 144.50; farm and dairy, $20,608.14). 

Lines of work. — On the institution farm the investigations consist 
of feeding experiments with dairy cattle and pigs, experiments to test 
the residual value of phosphates, mammal" trials on grass land, spray- 
ing for charlock, and the investigation of remedies ror abortion in 
cattle. In other selected localities the experiments include variety 
tests of potatoes and barley; rotation experiments; fertilizer experi- 
ments with potatoes, flax, wheat, and grass land; tests of green manur- 
ing v. feeding the crop on the land, and a number of experiments for 
improving grass lands. 



GREAT I.iMTAIN. 1G5 

Yorkshire College (Agricultural Department), Leeds. 

Staff.— R. S. Seton, Agr.; R. W. Hay don, C. F. Archibald, Lects. 
in Agr.; J. G. Stewart, Asst. Led. in Agr.; C. Crowther, Agr. 
Chem. ; C Steel, Vet. Sci.; E. Percy Kaye, Math, and Phys.; L. C. 
Miall, Nat. Hist, and Ent.; Wm. G. Smith, Agr. Bot. and For.: 
N. Walker, Bot. ; J. Goodman, Agr. Engin. and Land Survey.; P. F. 
Kendall, Agr. Geol. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $24,762.85 (Board of Agriculture and Fish 
eries, $4,865; subscriptions, $729.75; fees, $3,410.36; Yorkshire Coun- 
cil for Agricultural Education, $15,485.30; miscellaneous, $272.44). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the manuring- of meadows, pas- 
tures, potatoes, swedes, mangels, and turnips; variety tests with bar- 
ley, wheat, oats, mangels, potatoes, swedes, and turnips; experiments 
with red clover from different countries; experiments in rearing 
calves and in sheep crossing. Demonstration experiments are carried 
on in different localities. 

Durham College of Science (Department of Agriculture and Forestry) and 
Farm, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Staff. — Prof. D. A. Gilchrist, Dir.; C. Bryner Jones, Led. in Agr. ; 
S. H. Collins, Led. in Agr. Chem.; A. Meek, Led. in Animal Physiol. ; 
George Bell, Farm Mgr.; J. H. J. Farquhar, Sec; George Berry, 
Ilort. ; A. T. Gillanders, For. 

Equipment. — Lecture rooms and libraries, farm of 400 acres, 
numerous temporary plats containing nearly an acre each. 

Lncome.— For 1902-3,112,707.38 (Boardof Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, $4,865; count} T councils, $6,178.55; fees and miscellaneous, 
$1,663.83). 

Lines of work. — Breeding and feeding experiments with domestic 
animals, especiall} T sheep; experiments with fertilizers on farm crops; 
variety tests; analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and farm 
crops; investigations for farmers. Demonstration experiments are 
carried on in different localities. 

Harper-Adams Agricultural College, Newport Salop. 

Staff.—?. Hedworth Foulkes, B. S., Prin.; T. W. Fagan, M. A., 
Chem.; R. E. C. Burder, Surveying; G. T. Malthouse, Bot. and 
Ilort.; W. T. Wilson, Vet. Sci.; J. C. Rushton, Agr.; W. Vaughan, 
Agr. and Farm Steward; C. D. Stewart, Dairying. 

Origin. — Founded under the will of T. Harper-Adams in April, 
1901, and at the outset was supported by a substantial grant from the 
Shropshire County Council. 

Equipment. — Chemical and physical laboratories, lecture rooms, 
etc.; farm of 180 acres, with a dairy, carpenter shop, and forge, and 
machinery driven by steam; land being developed as a garden and as 
a horticultural and fruit growing station. 



166 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $14,215.53 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, $1,459.50; county councils. $6,587.21; fees, $851.38; miscella- 
neous, $1,294.09; from endowment. $4,023.35). 

Lines of work. — Dairy work and demonstration experiments with 
field crops. 

Botanical Department, Royal Agricultural Society, Norwood. 

Governing hoard. —Botanical committee of the Royal Agricultural 
Society. 

Station stitfi. — William Carruthers, Consulting Bot. 

Income. — The department exacts fees for botanical investigations. 

Linen of work. — Seed control and botanical investigations for mem- 
bers of the society; investigation of plant diseases, of poisonous plants, 
and of suitable plants for hay and pasture. 

University Botanic Garden, Oxford, England." 

Prof. S. H. Vines. 

Cumberland and "Westmoreland Farm School, Newton Rigg, Penrith. 

Staff. — W. T. Lawrence, Agr. and Farm Mar.; Miss K. M. Arm- 
strong, Dairying and Poultry Mama tenant. 

Origin. — Established in 1896 by the joint efforts of the Cumberland 
and Westmoreland County Councils! The place was originally rented, 
but has since been purchased, and large sums of money have been 
expended in improving it. 

Equipment. — Farmhouse with a dairy containing butter-making, 
cheese-making, and ripening rooms; farm of nearly 120 acres; herd of 
dairy Shorthorns; fruit station; meteorological station. 

Income. — For 1902-3, $9,730 (Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 
$486.50; county councils, $5,108.25; farm products, $3,073.08; fees, 

$462.18). 

Lines of work. — Field experiments, chiefly with hay, swedes, man- 
gels, and potatoes; dairy work, and fruit growing; feeding experi- 
ments with sheep. 

University College (Agricultural Department), Reading. 

Staff.— John Percival, M. A., Dir. Agr. Dept. and Agr. Hot.; 
Frederick Keeble, M. A., Dir. Ilort. J)ej>t. and Led. in Hot.; lec- 
turers in agriculture, dairying, bacteriology, surveying, aviculture, 
veterinary hygiene, and apiculture. 

Origin.- Founded in 1892. The college is affiliated with the Uni- 
versity of Oxford, and works in cooperation with the counties of 
Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Dorset, Hampshire, and Oxfordshire. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. L61. 



GREAT BRITAIN. 167 

Equipment. -College buildings with well-equipped botanical, chem- 
ical, zoological, and physical laboratories; a poultry farm at Theale, 
six miles from Reading - , and a horticultural garden in London Road, 
Reading. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $14,619.33 (Board of Agriculture and Fisher- 
ies, $3,892; county councils and Irish Department of Agriculture, 
$5,273.66; fees, $1,855.27; miscellaneous, $598.10). 

Lines of work. — Demonstration experiments in seeding and manur- 
ing pastures, in growing varieties of barley, sugar beets, maize, and 
in manuring potatoes, oats, mangels, and barley. 

Agricultural College, Uckfield. •» 

Staff. — S. A. Woodhead, B. S., Prin., ( 'hem., Phys., and Geo!.; W. 
Southworth, Ayr., Bot., Ent.; A. H. J. Haines, Surveying and Estate 
Management; W. Goring, Hort.; G. W. Bloxsome, Vet.,' S. C. Sharpo. 
Poultry Farming ; Mrs. Noakes, Da /'ryot </; W. Noakes, Farm Fo r ,m. 

Origin. — Founded by the East Sussex County Council in 1894 and 
maintained by that body. 

Equipment. — Lecture rooms and chemical laboratory; farni of 100 
acres with a small dairy; herd of Jerseys and flock of Southdown 
sheep, as well as fowls of a number of different breeds, and a garden 
of 4^ acres devoted to the growing of fruit and vegetables. 

Income.— For 1902-3, $21,162.75 (Board of Agriculture and Fisher- 
ies, $973; East Sussex County Council, $13,388.48; fees, $2,160.06; 
sales of produce, $4,641.21). 

Lines of work. — Dairy work, poultiy management, and growing 
fruit and vegetables. 

Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm, Woburn. 

Governing hoard. — Eleventh Duke of Bedford and the director. 

Station staff . — Spencer Pickering, Dir.; a a resident manager and 
seven or eight men and boys. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the Duke of Bedford, in conjunction 
with Spencer Pickering, in whose hands the whole organization, both 
practical and scientific, has been left. 

Equipment.— Manager's residence and office, storeroom for fruit, 
greenhouse, garden house, sheds, and 20 acres in fruit. 

Income. — All funds are furnished by the Duke of Bedford. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with large and small fruits to deter- 
mine best varieties, best methods of treatment as to distance apart in 
planting, cultivation, pruning, etc., and to determine means of com- 
bating diseases and insect pests. 

"Director's address, Harpenden, Hertz. 



168 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Southeastern Agricultural College, Wye. 

Governing hoard. — Representatives of counties of Kent and Surrey, 
universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and London, and agricultural 
assistants. 

Staff. — M. J. R. Dunstan, Prin. and Chem.; T. J. Young, Vice- 
Prin.; Led. in Ayr.; E.J.Russell, D. S., Led. in Chem.,' V. Y.Theo- 
bald. M. A.. Ent.; T. W. Cave, Vet.; A. Howard. Bot.; F. J. Ply- 
men, Soil Analyst,' J. F. Cocks, Surveying, Construction, etc.,' T. R. 
Robinson, Poultry Keeping ami Dairying; K. J. J. Mackenzie. Agr. 
mid Mgr. of Expts.; F. T. Holbrook, Demonstrator in ('Inn.; S. 
Deadrnan, Sort.; W. Wardley, Farriery; J. Garratt, Beekeeping; 
J. Barrows, Farm Bailiff; II. W. Kersey. Sec. 

Origin. — Founded by county councils of Kent and Surrey in 1894. 

Equvprru nt. — Well-equipped chemical, botanical, and veterinary lab- 
oratories; farm; hopgarden; orchards; experimental plats in different 
localities; fruit station. 

Income. — For 1902-3; §59,382.20 (Board of Agriculture and Fish- 
eries, 15,268.80; county councils, $32,532.25; fees, $13,840.93; miscel- 
laneous, $267.58; farm receipts, $7,472.64). 

Lines of work. — Cultural, fertilizer, and spraying experiments with 
hops and orchard fruits; plat experiments with wheat, fodder corn, 
mangolds, and potatoes; soil surve} r of Kent and Surrey; feeding and 
breeding experiments with sheep; diseases of sheep. Demonstration 
experiments are carried on in different localities. 

HUNGARY. 

Ministry of Agriculture, Budapest. 

Dr. Ignatius Deranyi, Minis, of Agr. 

The Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture was organized as a sepa- 
rate department in 1889. It includes an administrative division and 
seven scientific sections, the latter comprising twenty-five divisions. 
The ministry is located at Budapest in magnificent buildings sur- 
rounded by beautiful grounds. In the laboratories of these buildings 
a large force of specialists is engaged in research work. The ministry 
has an agricultural library of about 60,000 volumes, one of the largest 
in Europe. 

Experiment stations in Hungary are government institutions 
designed to promote the advancement of agriculture by means of 
practical experiments, original research, and advice to farmers on 
various agricultural questions. In addition the chemical and seed 
control stations are called upon to examine agricultural supplies and 
agricultural products. The Central Commission of Experiment Sta- 
tions exercises a directing and supervisory power over the individual 
stations, and acts as the representative of the Minister of Agriculture 



HUNGARY. 169 

in matters relating to the organization and work of the stations. 
The commission consists of a president (Jozsef Kazy), secretary (Rezso 
Karoly), and about a dozen permanent members, all appointed by the 
Minister of Agriculture. In this commission each branch of experi- 
ment station work is represented b} T a station director, the remaining 
members being prominent specialists in particular branches of agri- 
culture. Since its creation in 1898 the commission has published a 
journal, Kiserletugyi koslemenyek, embodying the reports of the work 
of the various stations. 

Entomological Station, Budapest. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Jozsef Jablonovsky, Dir.; Istvan Pasztor, V.-Dir.; 
J. Losy and G. Bako, Assts. JEnt.; two copyists; permanent corre- 
spondents in different parts of the country. 

Origin.— Established in 1880. 

Equipment. — The entomological station has quarters in the new lab- 
oratory building erected for the joint use of this station and the Royal 
Chemical Experiment Station. The quarters occupied by the entomo- 
logical station include a large laboratory, six workrooms, two collec- 
tion rooms, an insectary, a dark room, an office, and a library. 

Income. — For 1902, $11,871 derived from endowment, fees, sale of 
publications, and miscellaneous sources. 

Lines of xoorh. — Study of the life histories of the common injurious 
insects in order to ascertain the best means for their destruction; 
repression of injurious mammals; the furnishing of information to the 
public on all matters relating to protection against injurious insects 
through the publication of popular bulletins. 

Station for Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Budapest. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. ■■ , Dir.; Dr. S. Weiser, Chem.; 

Dr. A. Zaitschek, Client.; Z. Wimmer, Asst. Vet. 

< Origin. — Established in 1S96 b} T the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Laboratories equipped with eveiwthing necessary for 
physiological experiments and the analysis of feeding stuffs, feces, and 
urine; stables provided with scales for weighing the animals: and 
Berthelot-Mahler calorimeters. A respiration calorimeter for large 
animals is being constructed. 

Income.— For 1901, $2,842 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Study of the rational feeding of domestic animals, 
giving especial attention to feedingstuffs produced or manufactured in 
Hungary, and animals raised there. Experiments have been con- 
ducted with horses, swine, sheep, and poultry. 



170 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Central Seed Control Institution, Budapest. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Dr. Arpad Degen, Dir.; L. Thaisz, O. Schmidt, and 
G. Tordai, Assts.; one microscopist; four helpers; in the winter 
several additional helpers. 

Origin. — Established in 1882 in connection with the Veterinary 
Institute; made independent in 1891. There are seed control stations 
at Magyar-Ovar (Ungarisch-Altenburg) (Prof. G. Linhart, Dir.), 
Debreczen (Arpad Juhass, Dir.), Kassa (Emerich v. Budahary, Dir.), 
Keszthel}" (Bela v. Czako, Dir.), and Kolosvar (Bela Pater, Dir.). 
The station at Magyar-Ovar was established in 1878. The others 
began work in 1884. 

Equipment. — Each station possesses a standard collection of seeds of 
cultivated plants and weeds, a library, analytical and volumetric 
balances, a set of optical instruments, thermostat, farinometer, and a 
collection of feeding stuffs. 

Lines of work. — Seed testing to safeguard farmers, horticulturists, 
and others against impurities, and to determine the maturity and ger- 
minative power of seeds; the dissemination of information regarding 
protection against weeds and plant parasites and regarding good appa- 
ratus for purifying seeds; botanical analysis of different kinds of hay 
and other feeding stuffs. 

Royal Chemical Experiment Station, Budapest. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Prof. Thos. Kosutany, Dir.; Gyula Toth, Y.-Dir.; 
Zsigmond Kiticsan, Chem.; Lajos Kramszky, Chem.; S. Szekely, 
Dr. F. Konek, Dr. F. Lutz, E. Lossonczy, Dr. A. D. Herczfelder, 
and Dr. K. Hartl, Assts. Chem.; a number of laboratory assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1881 in connection with the Veterinary 
Institute; made independent in 1887 and removed to the department 
building; reorganized in 1892. 

Lines of 'work. — Control and inspection work in executing the law 
against adulteration of agricultural and other industrial products; 
examination of imported and exported wines and of exported sugars; 
the furnishing of expert information to the Government on chemical 
questions relating to commerce, finance, and customs. The scientific 
work of the station includes the elaboration of new methods of chemi- 
cal analysis and the testing of methods recommended by others. 
Methods adopted by this station must be employed by all the other 
chemical stations. The station staff has adopted new methods for the 
analysis of milk, wine, whisky, meat, red pepper, soils, feeding stuffs, 
fertilizers, petroleum, and a large number of other commercial arti- 
cles, and lias made numerous analyses of agricultural plants, feeding 



HUNGARY. 171 

shift's, factory refuse, musts, and wines of Hungary. It has also 
devoted much attention to research work in physiological chemistry. 

Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture, Debreczen. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Prof. Kalman Kerpely, Dir.; E. TorakandM. Lieb- 
hart, A.ssts./ foreman; four gardeners. 

Origin. — Established in 1898 by the Ministry of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Amain building containing laboratory, 7 curing barns 
representing different types, appliances for the Macedonian air-cure 
processes, 2 storage houses, 6 cabins for gardeners, and about 29 acres 
of land belonging to the Agricultural Institute. Of this area the 
buildings occupy about 7 acres, the hotbeds 1.4 acres, a botanic garden 
2.9 acres, and a field for culture experiments about 14.5 acres. 

Lines of work. — Investigations and experiments to ascertain the best 
methods of cultivating and curing tobacco, and variety tests and experi- 
ments having for their purpose the improvement of the quality of the 
leaf. The station trains workmen and officials for the administration 
of the Government tobacco monopoly and supplies tobacco growers 
w T ith information and instruction as to rational culture. In order to 
conduct experiments simultaneously on the two most typical Hunga- 
rian soils, a substation has been established at Bekes-Csaba (Odon 
Kallay, Dir.), which is under the control of the station at Debreczen. 
The soil at the main station is sandy, while that at the substation is 
black and compact. The area under cultivation at the substation is 
about 9 acres. Many cooperative experiments are carried out in dif- 
ferent parts of the country. 

Royal Hungarian Chemical Experiment Station, Debreczen. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Dr. L. v. Szell, Dir. ; K. Lanyi and E. Mayer, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 in connection with the Hungarian Agri- 
cultural College of Debreczen. 

Equipment. — A large laboratory equipped with an electric motor 
and other necessary apparatus; a balance room; stock room; a room 
for apparatus, including a large distillery; a library; a reading room; a 
lecture room, and a cellar. 

Income. -For 1901, $1,967.20 {State, $1,232; endowment. $360; fees, 
$120; miscellaneous, $255.20). 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigations, mainly with tobaccos and 
alkali soils; analysis and control of agricultural and technical products. 
This station cooperates with the Experiment Station for Tobacco 
Culture in the investigations on tobacco. 



L72 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Seed Control Station, Debreczen. 

Station staff. — Arpad Juhass, Dir. 
Origin. Established in L884. 

Royal Hungarian Chemical Station, Fiume. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 
Station staff. — Dr. Alois Konyoki, Dir. 
Origin. — Established in 1900. 

Equipment. — A laboratory equipped for four chemists. 
Income.— For 1901, $219.24 (State, $178.64; fees, $40.60). 
Lines of work. The analysis of wines and other products imported 
through this seaport; agricultural chemical investigations. 

Chemical Experiment Station, Kassa. 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

&t<it ion staff. — Prof. Zsigmond Zalka, Dir.; assistant. 

Orig'ln. — Established in 1884 as a department of the Agricultural 
Institute at Kassa. 

Equijprra nt. — Experimental distillery. 

Lines of work. — The scientific work of the station is mainly devoted 
to investigations in its experimental distillery. 

Experiment Station for the Distilling- Industry, Kassa. 

Station staff. — Prof. Zsigmond Zalka, Dir. 
Origin. — Founded in 1900. 

Seed Control Station, Kassa. 

station staff. — Prof. Emerich v. Budahary, Di/r. 
Origin. — Established in 1884. 

Chemical Experiment Station, Keszthely. 

Governing hoard. —Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Prof. R. Windisch, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885 in connection with the Agricultural Insti- 
tute of Keszthely. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the plants cultivated in Hungary 
with reference to their physiology and need for fertilizers. 

Seed Control Station, Keszthely. 

Station staff. — Prof. Bela von Czak6, Di/r. 
Origin. Established in 1884. 



HUNGARY. 173 

Chemical Experiment Station, Kolosvar (Klausenburg). 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 
Station staff. — Professor Fabinyi, Dir.; H. G. Donath, Asst. 
Origin. — Founded in 1897 as a department of the Universal of 
Klausenburg. 

Lines of work. — Almost exclusively chemical control work. 

Seed Control Station, Kolosvar (Klausenburg). 

Station staff. — Prof. Bela Pater, Dir. 
Origin. — Established in 1884. 

Plant Culture Experiment Station, Magyar-Ovar (Ungarisch-Altenburg). 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations, 
and the Director. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Cserhati, Dir.; J. Gyarfas, E. Grabner, 
H. Krolopp, Eu. vonHankoczy, Agr.; Dr. A. von Sigmond, J. Ador- 
jan, Eu. Markus, Chems. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 as a station for testing - varieties. In 
189-1 fertilizer experiments were undertaken, and in 1897-1899 pot- 
culture experiments and investigations of scientific problems were 
taken up. 

Equipment. — A main building containing apartments and workroom 
for the director, three laboratories well equipped for chemical and 
mechanical analyses, two large workrooms, a library and balance 
room, a machine room, etc. ; two vegetation houses, with equipment 
for pot experiments, and a storehouse for crops. In addition to the 
pots used in the vegetation houses, of which there are 1,200, the sta- 
tion is equipped with 610 cylinders sunk in earth, 30 Kuhn-Wohltmann 
vegetation cases, and 60 large vegetation cases. 

Income. — An annual appropriation of $8,323 from the Government. 

Lines of work. — One division of the station has charge of coopera- 
tive experiments with farmers in different parts of the country, which 
are carried on for the purpose of testing varieties of farm crops and 
fertilizers; also of experimental investigations, such as the selection 
of sugar-beet seed and of wheat. The other division is occupied with 
the more scientific questions, such as investigations and experiments 
with soils, fertilizers, and other problems of plant nutrition. Since 
1901 the station has had charge of the studies with alkali soils and 
their improvement in relation to the production of wheat. 

Experiment Station for Agricultural Implements, Magyar-(5var 
( Ungarisch- Altenbur g ) . 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 
Station staff. — Prof. V. Thallmayer, Dir. The station is not an 
independent institution, and consequently has no separate staff. The 



17 1 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

professor of agricultural machinery is, as a rule, intrusted with the 
management of the station and receives extra compensation, amount- 
ing to $120 a year. 

Origin. — Established in 1869 in connection with the Agricultural 
Academy at Magyar-Ovar. 

Equipment. Dynamometers, indicators, and other instruments of 
precision necessary for measuring mechanical units. The station has 
no laboratories or other equipment separate from the Agricultural 
Academy. Machines sent in for trial are tested on the academy farm 
or on other estates. 

Income. — An appropriation from the Royal Ministry of Agricul- 
ture, varying from $120 to $360 a year. 

Li n< s of work. The testing of newly invented agricultural machines 
and implements or those already in use to determine their fitness for 
the operations for which they are designed; the giving of detailed 
information to the agricultural population on all questions relating to 
agricultural machinery in actual use. On an average eight to ten 
machines and models are sent to the station annually, usually by 
inventors. 

Public Station for Seed Control and Plant Physiology and Pathology, 
Magyar-Ovar ( Ungarisch-Altenburg). 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. — Prof. G. Linhart, Dir.; Dezso Hegyi and Rezso 
France, Awt*. 

Origin. —In 1897 the chief of the Seed Control Station at Magyar- 
Ovar organized a station for plant physiology and pathology, and later 
the two stations received the official name of Public Station for Seed 
Control and Plant Physiology and Pathology. Both stations are under 
the management of one director. 

Equipment. — A main building, containing the working office of the 
director- a large room for the examination of seeds; mycological and 
bacteriological laboratories; a greenhouse for germination experiments; 
collection of diseased plants and seeds; photographic apparatus, and a 
garden containing about 2 acres. 

Lines of work. — The station examines diseased plants sent in by 
agriculturists, horticulturists, viticulturists, and sylviculturists, fur- 
nishes a description of the disease, and gives instruction for defense 
against it. The station also conducts investigations on the nature and 
cause of plant diseases and exercises seed control. 

Chemical Experiment Station, Magyar-dvar (Ungarisch-Altenburg). 

Governing l>o<<r</. -Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 
Station staff. — Prof. Jos. Nuriczan, Dir.; A. Faltin and Dr. K. 
Griell, Assts. 



INDIA. 175 

Origin. — This station, founded in 1872, is the oldest chemical sta- 
tion in Hungary, and is connected with the Agricultural Academy at 
Magyar-Ovar. 

Lines of work. — Study of the chemistry of wine and of methods of 
wine examination; investigations of yeasts and their influence on fer- 
mentation, of the development and chemical composition of tobacco, 
and of the chemistry of oil cakes and certain agricultural plants; 
analysis of fertilizers and soils; study of vegetable albumin and the 
influences which affect the biological functions of plants. 

Dairy Experiment Station, Magyar-(5var (TJngarisch-Altenburg). 

Station staff. — Prof. Emerich Ghelyi, Dir. 
Origin. — Established in 1903. 

Chemical Experiment Station, Pozsony (Pressburg). 

Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. 

Station staff. , Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1883 in connection with the Technical High 
School of Pozsony. 

Lines of work. — Control work only. 

Central Station of Forestry, Selmeczbanya. 

Established in 1898 for forestry experiments 

INDIA. 

Taj and Other Government Gardens and Park, Agra, United Provinces of 

Agra and Oudh. « 

Governing hoard. — The Superintendent, the Commissioner and Col- 
lector of the District, and Under Director of Land Records and Agri- 
culture of the Provinces. 

Staff. — A. E. P. Griessen, Supt.; two assistants. 

Origin. — The institutions included under this organization include 
four horticultural gardens, a forestry establishment, a grass farm, two 
nurseries, and a park. All of these, except the nurseries and park 
started in 1900, were established during the existence of the Mogul 
Empire. 

Equipment. — A large conservatory, erected in 1900; a large glass 
propagating house, erected in 1900; rooms for starting and germi- 
nating seeds; office, workshops, etc. 

Income.— For 1901, $1,296. 

Lines of work. — Horticultural investigations, acclimatization of 
plants, and landscape gardening. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



17<) EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Government Gardens, Allahabad, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh." 

Governing board. — Commissioner of Allahabad and Collector and 
Magistrate, Allahabad. 

Station staff. — H. J. Davies, Supt. 

Equ!pm> nt. —Plant houses and nurseries. 

Incorra . -For 1901, $3,818.66 (government grant, $2,522.66; sale of 
garden products, $1,296). 

Lint* of work. — Experiments with fruit trees, flowers, and economic 
plants; sale and distribution of fruit and ornamental trees and trees 
for planting on public roads. 

Botanic Gardens, Bangalore, Mysore. a 

Staff. — J. Cameron, Supt., assisted by two native curators, several 
clerks and helpers. 

Origin. — These gardens came under control of an Agri-Horticul- 
tural Societ}- in 1836, but upon the dissolution of the society in 1812 
the property came into the hands of the government and has remained 
in its possession until the present time. 

Equipment. — An exhibition house and botanic gardens covering 
about 100 acres. 

Income. — The gardens are maintained by the government of Mysore. 

Lines of work. — The culture and acclimatization of economic and 
ornamental plants and other flowers. 

Botanic Garden, Baroda, Native States. a 
G. H. Krumbiegel, Supt. 

Municipal Gardens, Bombay, Bombay Presidency." 

Governing board. — The Bombay Municipality, with the Municipal 
Commissioner as the executive chief officer. 

Staff. — CavasjiD. Mahaluxmivala, Supt.; J. M. Doctor. Asst. Supt. 
of Zool. Collection; one overseer; two clerks. 

Origin. — The gardens included under the superintendency of C. D. 
Mahaluxmivala include the Victoria Gardens and seven other gardens, 
all but the first being pleasure grounds. The grant for the Victoria 
Gardens was acquired by the Agri-Horticultural Society of Western 
India in 1835, and in 1812 the garden was established with the aid of 
several government grants. It was not until 1862, however, that they 
were formally open to the public. In 1866 the Bombay Municipality 
became responsible for the maintenance of gardens, and in 1873, after 
the dissolution of the Agri-Horticultural Society, the whole responsi- 
bility of management and maintenance of the gardens was assumed by 
the municipality. 

Equipment. — A museum building and botanic gardens. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



INDIA. 177 

Income. — For 1902-8, $14,714. 14 from the municipality. 
Lines of work. — Maintained as a public pleasure garden and zoolog- 
ical garden. 

Government Cinchona Plantations, British Sikkim, Bengal. « 

Governing hoard. — In charge of the Superintendent of Royal Botanic 
Garden, Calcutta, Dr. David Prain, who is also quinologist of the 
colony. 

Staff. — R. Pantling, Dept. Supt.; four assistants. 

Origin. — Established by the government of Bengal in 1862. 

Lines of work. — The cultivation of cinnamon and the manufacture 
of quinine for the use of government institutions. 

Agri-Horticultural Society of India, Calcutta, Bengal. « 

Governing hoard. — The president and council of the societj^, elected 
by members. 

Staff. — P. Lancaster, Sec. and Treas.; A. J. B. Gisseleire, Head 
Gard.; C. E. James, Asst.; three native assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1820 by the late Rev. W. Carey, D. D. 

Equipment. — Two glass houses and ten plant houses. 

Income. — For 1901, $27,540 (subscriptions from members, $4,860; 
government endowment, $1,944; other sources, $20,736). 

Lines of work. — The promotion and improvement of agriculture and 
horticulture in India. 

Botanic Gardens, Cawnpore, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh." 

Norman Gill, Supt. 

Chittagong Farm, Chittagong, Bengal. 

Income. — For 1903-4, $3,260 from the sale of farm products. 
Lines of work. — Experiments with varieties of sugar cane, rice, hemp, 
maize, cotton, cereals, and garden vegetables. 

Agricultural Farm, Cuttack, Bengal. 

This farm was started in 1904 to carry out the suggestions of the 
Indian Irrigation Commission. 

Maharajah's Garden, Darbhangah, Bengal. « 

Herbert Thorn, Supt. 

Lloyd Botanic Garden, Darjeeling, Bengal." 

Staff. — G. H. Cave, Cur.; one superintendent (nonresident). 
Origin, — Founded in 1878. 
Income.— 1903-4, $2,073.60. 

Lines of work. — An ordinary subtropical and temperate botanic 
garden, making a specialty of the local Himalayan flora. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 
5368— No. 112—04 12 



178 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Dumraon Experimental Farm, Dumraon, Bengal. 

Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, 
Bengal. C. G. H. Allen. Dir.; D. N. Mukerji, M. A., Asst. Dir., 
( 'alcutta. 

Staff.— Experiments at this place are under the supervision of D. N. 
Mukerji, who also supervises work at other places in Bengal. The 
farm is in immediate charge of R. L. Banryu. 

Origin. —Experiments were begun in 1885 on a farm at Pareswana. 
In 1895 this farm was given over to ordinary cultivation, and a new 
site for experimental work was chosen near Dumraon. 

Equipment. — Farm buildings and farm of 30.75 acres, of which 22 
acres are under cultivation. 

Income.— Budget for 1902, $600. 

Lines of work. — Manurial experiments with rice, wheat, sugar cane, 
potatoes, and wheat; variety tests; cross fertilization and culture 
experiments; trial of new farm implements, and distribution of seeds. 

Cawnpore Experiment Farm, Gotaiya, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 

Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, 
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. W. H. Moreland, Dir.; J. M. 
Hayman, Deputy Dir.; Saiyid Muhamad Hadi, Asst. Dir., Cawnpore. 

Staff. — Farm superintendent, farm bailiff, three apprentices, a vete- 
rinary assistant, a supervisor of wells, and a superintendent of work- 
shop and seed store. 

Origin. — Established in 1881. 

Equipment. — Farm buildings, seed store, workshops for the manu- 
facture of agricultural implements, veterinary hospital, a farm of 
51.33 acres, of which 36.34 are under cultivation. 

Income. —A government grant averaging about $5,500 a year and 
receipts from the sale of farm products, etc., about $2,346. 

Lines of work. — Nitrogen investigations similar to those at Rotham- 
sted, combined with held experiments with various rotation and green 
manures; experiments with different manures; variety tests with pota- 
toes, sugar cane, cotton, and other crops; testing and distributing 
farm implements; supplying of tools to landowners for taking trial 
borings prior to sinking wells; distribution of seeds; cattle breeding 
for landowners; treatment of diseases of domestic animals. Perma- 
nent manurial experiments have been conducted since 1881, and since 
1883 52 plats have been devoted to this series of experiments. Pub- 
lications are issued both in English and in the vernacular of the 
provinces. 

Botanic Garden, Gwalior, Native States. « 

C. Maries, Supt. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



INDIA. 179 

Sripur Farm, Hathwa Raj District, Bengal. 

Origin. — Established in 1900. 

Staf.—N. N. Banerji, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in connection with cattle breeding; 
field experiments with maize, sugar cane, potatoes, sweet potatoes, 
and other farm crops; tests of silage. 

Municipal Garden, Karachi, Bombay Presidency. " 

Botanic Garden, Eumaon (Ramghur), United Provinces of Agra and 

Oudh. a 

F. W. Seers, Supt. 

Botanic Garden, Lahore, Punjab. « 

H. G. Hein, Supt. 

Government Horticultural Gardens, Lucknow, United Provinces of Agra 

and Oudh." 

Governing hoard. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, 
United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. W. H. Moreland, Dir., Cawn- 
pore. 

Staff.— Matthew Ridley, Supt. 

Equipment. — Horticultural gardens, arboricultural nursery, and 
exotic and date plantations. 

Income. — The gardens are self-supporting, and the expenditures for 
1901-2 amounted to 15,675.18. 

Lines of work. — Commercial propagation of fruits, vegetables, and 
flowers, and in connection with this work experimental investigations. 
Annual reports have been published since 1888. 

Department of Agriculture, Madras. 

Staff. — C. Benson, Deputy Dir., Agricultural branch; C. K. Subba 
Rao, Sub-Asst. Dir. of Agr.; C. A. Barber, Govt. Dot.; N. Venkata- 
krishnama Nayadu, 1st Asst., and C. Tadulingam Moodaliar, 2d Asst. 

Origin. — There are stations at Bellary, Koilpatti, and Samalkot, 
each in charge of an inspector, which were started in 1901 by the 
government of Madras. 

Equipment. — The Bellary station has 61 acres, of which 13 acres have 
been laid out purely for experimental purposes. The Koilpatti station 
has 49 acres, of which 8 acres are being laid out for continuous exper- 
iment work. These have been permanently acquired and are equipped 
with the necessary buildings and farming stock. The Samalkot station 
is leased as a temporary measure and has an area of 12^ acres. 

Income. — The government makes a grant of from $3,888 to $4,860 
for the support of the stations besides providing salaries for the per- 
manent staff. 

a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



ISO EXPERIMENT STATIONS IX FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — These farms were established primarily for the 
Investigation of problems <>t' practical agriculture, with special refer- 
ence to the best methods of utilizing scanty rainfall and of econo- 
mizing manure. Tests of crop varieties and seed selection receive 
attention. At Samalkot the station is devoted specially to the investi- 
gation of diseases of the sugar cane and a discovery, if possible, of 
immune varieties. Some experiments with varieties of rice are also in 
progress there. 

Agri-Horticultural Society, Madras, Madras Presidency." 
A. G. Bourne. Honorary Sec. 

Botanic Garden, Morvi, Native States." 
Joseph Beck, Supt. 

Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Mysore, Mysore. 

Governing board. — Directly under the government of the State, 
which is composed of His Highness the Maharajah, the Dewan, and 
two councillors. 

Station staff. — Dr. A. Lehmann, Chem.; H. V. Krishna vya, B. Ven- 
kata Rao, A. K. Yegna Narayana Iyer, Assts. Chem.; Krishnasami 
Iyer, Mariswamy, Agr. Insps.; Ramachandra Rao, Asst. in charge of 
Plat Expts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899 by the government appointing an agri- 
cultural chemist. 

Equipment. — A laboratory building, completed in 1902 at a cost of 
$19,700, containing three laboratories, combustion room, assaying 
room, a balance room, three offices, apparatus room, preparation room, 
and museum, and a field for plat experiments. 

Income.— For 1902, $10,445 from State funds. 

Lines of work. — General agricultural questions on tropical agricul- 
ture, bureau of information on agriculture, the chemical work of the 
geological department. 

Government Experimental Farm, Nagpur, Central Provinces. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture, Central Provinces: 
F. G. Sly. Wr. of Agr.; R. S. Joshi, Asst. Dir. 

Staff. — Bhaiya Lai Dubey, Farm Supt.; Jiya Lai Tiwari, Thundi 
Lai Powar, Farm Overset rs. 

Origin. — The main experiment farm was established in 1883. A 
second government farm was established at Telinkheri. a suburb of 
Nagpur, in 1899, and two others at Raipur and Hoshangabad in 1902. 

Equipment. At Nagpur: Farm buildings and a farm of 90 acres, of 
which 70 acres are tinder cultivation. In addition there is a sewage 
farm of 25 acres for dealing with a portion of the sewage of Nagpur 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



INDIA. 181 

City. There is also connected with the farm an agricultural school, 
at which about 10(> students receive instruction in elementary practical 
farming. 

At Telinkheri: Farm buildings and a farm of about 400 acres, of 
which 75 acres are under cultivation, the remainder consisting of land 
devoted to the experimental growth of forest trees and grazing. A 
cattle farm, with 50 head of cattle for breeding purposes, has been 
established at the latter place. In addition there is a fuel and fodder 
reserve of -125 acres for experiments in reforestation. 

Income. — At Nagpur: Farm income, $1,000; at Telinkheri, $700. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with different manures on dry and 
wet crops; rotation and tillage experiments, with and without manures; 
experiments with mixed forage crops and new and improved varieties; 
investigation of plant diseases; selection of seed; plant- breeding experi- 
ments; trials of farm implements; cattle breeding; sewage, and refor- 
estation experiments. Annual reports are published. 

Horticultural Gardens, Nagpur, Central Provinces. « 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture, Central Provinces: 
F. G. Sly, Dir. of Agr.; R. S. Joshi, Asst. Dir. 

Staff. — J. H. Stephen, Supt. of Gardens at Nagpur and Telinkht ri ' ; 
J. Safdar Ali, Supt. of Pachmarhi Garden. 

Origin. — These gardens have been started from time to time by the 
government at Nagpur, Telinkheri, Pachmarhi, and other districts of 
the Central Provinces. 

Income. — Total cost of these gardens in 1902 was $8,740, of which 
about $3,610 was derived from the operations of the gardens. 

Lines, of work. — Propagation and cultivation of tropical fruits, veg- 
etables, and flowers; trial of new and improved varieties of garden 
crops; experiments in fruit and vegetable culture; distribution of 
plants and seeds. Annual reports are published. 

Botanic Garden, Ootacumund, Madras Presidency. « 

Staff. — R. L. Proudlock, Our. 

Origin. — Opened in 1847. 

Equipment. — Botanic gardens of 51 acres. 

Income. — For 1900, four thousand three hundred and sixty-eight 
dollars. 

Lines of work. — Improvement of horticultural conditions in the dis- 
trict, introduction of vegetable productions not indigenous to India, 
and the distribution of plants and seeds. 

Government Cinchona Plantations, Ootacumund, Madras Presidency." 

W. M. Standen, Dir. 

«See Eoyal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



182 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Burdwan Experimental Farm, Pala, Bengal. 

Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture: 
C. G. II. Allen, Dir.; D. N. Mukerji, Asst. Dir., Calcutta. 

Staff. — The farm is under the supervision of D. N. Mukerji, who 
also supervises experimental work at other places. It is in immediate 
charge of an overseer, Babu Debi Prosad Chowbe. 

Origin. Established in 18X5. 

Equipment. — Farm of 31 acres, of which about one-half is devoted 
to experimental work. 

Income. — Budget for 1902, $860. The farm is maintained at the 
expense of the Maharajah of Burdwan, a minor whose estate is now 
under the Court of Wards. 

Lines of work. — Cultural and fertilizer experiments with rice, jute, 
sugar cane, maize, and potatoes; tests of tobacco. 

Botanic Garden, Poona (Ghorpuri), Bombay Presidency." 

P. S. Kanetkar, Supt. 

Botanic Department of the College of Science, Poona, Bombay Presidency." 

G. A. Gammie, J)ir. 

Government Experiment Farms, Kirkee and Manjri, near Poona, Bombay 

Presidency. 

(rar, rning hoard. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, 
Bombay Presidency: H. S. Lawrence, Dir. 

Staf.—P. II. Mehta, Deputy Dir. of Agr. 

Origin. — Established in 1885. 

Income.— Budget for 11)02-3, $1,944. 

Lines of work. — Kirkee Farm: Manure and rotation experiments 
with food and forage crops, oil seeds, tobacco, and other crops: 
improvement of wheat and cotton by selection and cross fertilization; 
dairy and feeding experiments; study of plant diseases and their 
remedies; botanical investigation of varieties of crops; trials of new 
farm implements. Manjri Farm: Special experiments with varieties 
of sugar cane and tests of different manures on the same; bacteri- 
ological experiments with city sewage and tests of its fertilizing value; 
irrigation experiments with canal and sewage water. 

Experiment Station of the Imperial Agricultural College Pusa, Bengal. 

Bernard Coventry, Dir. 

This station is to be a part of an institution for agricultural educa- 
tion and research provided for by an endowment of $150,000 made by 
Henry Phipps. 

The stall' of the station is to consist of two chemists (one being also 

"Sec Royal Gardens, Kew, p. L61. 



INDIA. 183 

a bacteriologist), two botanists (one cryptogamic and the other biolog- 
ical), and an entomologist. 

In connection with the station there is to be an experiment farm, 
which is to serve as a model for similar institutions under provincial 
governments. 

Botanic Gardens, Saharanpur, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. « 

William Gollan, Supt. 

Saidapet Experimental Farm, Saidapet, Madras Presidency. 

Governing board. — In charge of Hon. G. H. Stuart, M. A.. Dir. of 
Public Instruction. 

Staf.—W. Keess, M. A., Supt.; R. S. Thorne, Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1865; now maintained in connection with 
the Madras Agricultural College, which was established in 1876. 

Equipment. — College buildings, barns, sheds, etc., botanic gardens, 
orchards, and experimental held. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in green manuring, seed production 
and selection, acclimatization of plants, irrigation for "dry" crops 
and forage plants, rotation of crops, the use of fertilizers, and live- 
stock production. Considerable attention is given to the introduction 
of new and improved farm implements and machinery. Annual 
reports are published. 

Sugar Cane Station, Samalkot, Godavari District. 

Staff. — Conducted under the general direction of C. A. Barber, 
Govt. Bot., Madras. 

Origin. — Established in 1902. 

Lines of work. — Introduction of new and improved varieties of 
sugar cane, and experiments in planting and cultivating sugar cane 
for the purpose of increasing the yield, lessening the expense, and 
reducing the diseases to which this crop is subject. 

Department of Royal Botanic Gardens, Sibpur, Bengal. a 

P. Prain, &uj>t. 

Experimental Farm of the Civil Engineering College, Sibpur, near Calcutta, 

Bengal. 

Governing board. — Agricultural department of the Civil Engineer- 
ing College. 

Staff. — D. Datta, Dir. and Agr.; Rajnath Ray, Form. 

Origin. —The farm was established in 1887 and was maintained as 
an independent institution until 1899, when it was joined to the agri- 
cultural department of the Civil Engineering College. 

Equipment. — Farm of 26 acres. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



181 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income. — For VM)'2-?> from all sources, #1,135.62 (farm receipts, 
$491.83). 

Lines of work. — Experiments with manures, new crops, implements. 
machinery, insecticides, and methods of culture; and the distribution 

of seeds and implements. 

Government Experiment Farm, Surat, Bombay Presidency. 

Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, 
Bombay Presidency: H. S. Lawrence. Dir. 

Staff.— P. R. Mehta, Deputy Dir. of Agr. 

Origin. — Established in 1896. 

Income— Budget for 1902-3, $1,620. 

Lines of work. — Manure-rotation experiments with the staple crops 
of the district, improvement of seed by selection, experiments with 
forage crops, study of plant diseases and their remedies, improvement 
of cotton and wheat by crossbreeding, identification and botanical 
investigation of the numerous varieties of crops grown in the Presi- 
dency, introduction of new varieties of food and forage crops, trial of 
new agricultural implements, cattle breeding, and dairy experiments 
with improved dairy machinery. 

Division of Experimental Cultivation, Taunggyi, Southern Shan States. 

Staff.— Sir George Scott, Supt.; Maung Se, Gard. 

Experiments were begun in 1891 and consist of simple cultural 
experiments with farm crops, garden vegetables, and fruits. Proba- 
tioners sent in by the native chiefs are trained in the orchard. The 
budget for 1902-3 was $1,378.91. 

Museum and Botanic Gardens, Trivandrum, Travancore Native States." 

Governing board. — Government of His Highness the Maharajah of 
Travancore. 

Station staff. — H. S. Ferguson, Dir. 

Origin. — Museum opened in 1857. The Botanic Gardens were 
begun about the same time, but were not developed to any extent until 
in L890. 

Equipment. — Museum building, house and pens for animals, propa- 
gating house, fernery, superintendent's house, zoological collection ot 
275 specimens, and botanic garden of 1<> acres. 

Income. — Annual government grant of $6,240. 

Lines of work. — Some attention is given to the cultivation of eco- 
nomic plants, but in the main the museum and gardens are kept up 
as places of recreation for the general public. Annual reports are 

published. 

Botanic Garden, Udaipur, Native States. « 

T. H. Storey. Supt. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. L61. 



ITALY. 185 

ITALY. 

Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce, Rome. 

Premier Zanardelli, Actg. Minis.,' Professor Tito, Chief Div. of 
Agr. 

In Italy, the Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce 
comprises nine divisions, each of which is charged with the super- 
vision of some particular phase of agricultural, industrial, or commer- 
cial activity. The fifth division, of which Professor Tito is chief, has 
charge of agricultural institutions for instruction and research, includ- 
ing colleges, schools, experiment stations, and laboratories. These 
institutions receive appropriations from the Government, and in many 
cases also from the province and the municipality in which they are 
located, and from local agricultural associations and chambers of 
commerce. 

Experiment stations in Italy are either autonomous or connected 
with educational institutions; agricultural chemical laboratories are 
all connected with educational institutions. The administration of the 
station funds is in charge of the director, who must report to the 
Department of Agriculture and to a committee of administration com- 
posed of the director of the station and representatives of all the 
bodies associated in support of the station. The studies and investi- 
gations of each station are made in accordance with the plans of the 
station staff or at the request of the Department of Agriculture, of 
local corporations that contribute to the support of the station, or of 
public or private administrations. Fees are charged for analyses, but 
not for determinations of fungi, injurious insects, etc. Some of the 
stations give instruction to special students, and all give information 
freely to the public on the results of their investigations. In some 
cases lectures are given for the purpose of acquainting the people with 

these results. 

Enological Station, Asti. 

Governing board. — The station is autonomous and is controlled by a 
board composed of members appointed by the Department of Agricul- 
ture, Industries, and Commerce, the municipality of Asti, the citizens 
of the district, the savings bank of Asti, and the director. 

Station staff. — Dr. Federico Martinotti, Dir.; Dr. Carlo Menzio, 
Asst. Chem.; Dr. Uldarico Semma, Asst. Agr. 

Origin. — Founded in 1872 by ro}^al decree. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, wine cellar, and a room for agricultural 
and enological machinery. 

Income.— For 1902, $3,860 (State, $1,833.50; city of Asti, $965; sav 
ings bank, $193; local subscriptions and fees, $868.50). 

Lines of work.- — Analysis of grapes, must, wines, adulterants, and 
vineyard soils; chemical and microscopical research work in fermen- 



186 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

t;ition and in diseases of the vine and grape; experiments with fertili- 
zers; investigations on the best methods of vinitication and preservation 
of wine and examination of machinery and implements used for these 
purposes; cooperative work with grape growers; dissemination of 
information by means of published articles, correspondence, lectures. 
and conferences, inspection and analytical work is done upon demand. 

Entomological Station, 19 Via Romano, Florence. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Royal Institute for 
Higher Studies, with which the station is connected. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Berlese, D/r.; two assistants. 

Origin. — Established by the Department of Agriculture, Industries, 
and Commerce in 1875; reorganized in 1887. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing laboratories of com- 
parative anatomy, bacteriology, zootechny, and chemistry; zoological 
and entomological collections, and a library. 

J J ins of work. — Investigations in economic entomology and zoology 
and in methods of combating insect pests of plants and animals. The 
results of the work are made public by correspondence, lectures, and 
the station publication, Nuovt relazioni intorno ai lavori delta Reale 
Stazione di Entomologia Agraria di Firenze. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Forli. 

Governing board.- — The station is connected with the Technical Insti- 
tute at Forli, and is controlled by a committee composed of the direc- 
tor and four other members representing the Department of Agricul- 
ture, Industries, and Commerce; the Province of Forli, the munici- 
pality of Forli, and the local agricultural society. 

Station staff. — Prof. Alessandro Pasqualini, Dlr.; Antonio Sintoni, 
Agr.j Ugo Serughi, Asst. Cheat.; Emilio Pizzigati, Vincenzo Giusti, 
Hi Ipers. 

Origin. — Established in 1872. 

Equipment. —The laboratories and other equipment of the Technical 
Institute. 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigation of fertilizers, soils, waters, 
agricultural products, and miscellaneous materials; cultural experi- 
ments with different fertilizers; enological and viticultural experiments: 
microscopic examination of the eggs of the silkworm; experiments with 
forage crops and fiber plants; and the dissemination of information by 
correspondence and Lectures. The important work of the station is 
published in Annali delta Reale Staziom Agraria it! Forli 

Experiment Station for Cheese Making, Lodi. 

tiori riiiioj hoard. — The station is autonomous and is controlled by a 
committee of five members representing the Government and local 
associations. 



ITALY. 187 

Station staff. — Prof. Carlo JBesana, Dir.; Gsetano Cornalba and 
Giuseppi Fascetti, Assts. 

Origin. — Established in 1871; reorganized in 1879. 

Income.— For 1898, $2,509 (Government, $1,129.05; province of 
Milan, $1,003.60; municipalities of Lodi and Chiosi, $250.90; Lodi 
Chamber of Commerce, $125.15). 

Lines of work. — Manufacture of cheese; investigation of the influ- 
ence of temperature on milk and on the manufacture of butter and 
cheese; study of the influence of butter fat on the manufacture and 
keeping qualities of cheese; investigation of various starters, coloring 
materials, and methods of heating milk; study of milk and butter adul- 
terants and means for preventing their use; testing dairy machinery; 
and the dissemination of information b}^ lectures and correspondence. 
The work of the station is published in the Annuario delta Reale Sta- 
zione Sperimentale di Caseificio di lodi. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Milan. 

Governing hoard. — The station is under the control of the Royal 
Agricultural High School. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Menozzi, Dir. 

Origin. — Established in 1871 in connection with the Royal Agri- 
cultural High School; transferred in 1879 to the Veterinary High 
School; reorganized and brought under the control of the Royal 
Agricultural High School in 1891. 

Equipment. — An agricultural chemical laboratory. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, and feeding 1 stuffs; 
cultural experiments with different manures and fertilizers; feeding- 
experiments; microscopic examination and test of eggs of the silk- 
worm; and the dissemination of information by lectures and the sta- 
tion publication, Micerche eseguitenel Lahoratorio di ( 'himiea Agraria 
delta Reale Scuola Siiperiore d' Agricofturn di Milano. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Modena. 

Governing hoard. — The station is autonomous and is controlled by a 
council made up of representatives of the Government, the province 
and the municipality of Modena, and the director. 

Station staff'. — Gino Cugini, Dir.; Prof. Pietro Maissen, Enrico 
Rossi, Dr. Eugenio Alberti, Chems.; Prof. Francesco Todaro, Agr.; 
Dr. Giulio D'lppolito, Bot. ; four to six student aids. 

Origin. — Established in 1871; reorganized in 1879. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory; botanical, bacteriological, and 
seed-testing laboratory, provided with all needed apparatus for research 
work; agricultural museum; library; collection of agricultural imple- 
ments, and an experiment field. 

Income.— For 1901-2, $8,519.11 (permanent endowment, $2,682.70; 
fees for chemical analyses, $5,162.36; fees for botanical analyses. 



188 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

$248.10; subscriptions, $456.28 to L< Stasioni Agrarit Sperimentali 
Italiane). 

Linesofwork.- -Physiological and pathological investigation of cere- 
als and forage plants; introduction and acclimatization of new cereals 
and forage plants; .seed control; analysis of fertilizers, soils, subsoil 
rocks, cereals and forage crops and their products, drinking water 
and irrigal ion water; microscopic examination of eggs of the silkworm; 
and the dissemination of information by the instruction of students in 
the laboratory by lectures and by published reports. 

Sericultural Station, Padua. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of six members representing the 
Government, province, commune, and local agricultural society. 

Station staff. — Prof. Enrico Verson, Dir.; Prof. E. Quajat, Y.-D'rr.; 
one assistant; one secretary. 

Origi/n. — Established in 1871. 

Equipment. — School building; laboratories of chemistry and microg- 
raphy- nursery for silkworms; a vegetation house; a museum; and a 
grove of mulberry trees. 

Income.— For 1902, $3,860 (State, $2,895; fees, $965). 

Lmes of work. — The purpose of the station is primarily to give 
instruction in sericulture. The original investigations include the study 
of anatomy and biology of silkworms and the conditions essential for the 
successful production of silkworms, including laws of nutrition, means 
of treating diseases, etc. ; preparation and distribution of healthy eggs 
of silkworms; experiments with new species of worms, and with new 
instruments used in silk production; and the investigation of any 
question that may arise in practical sericulture. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Palermo. 

Governing board. — The station is autonomous and is controlled by a 
committee representing the Government and local societies. 

Station staff. — Prof. A. Borntrager, Dir.; assistant chemist; assist- 
ant agriculturist. 

Origin. — Established in 1872. 

Lines of work. — Chemical and physiological analysis of soils; analysis 
of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, waters and agricultural products; feeding 
experiments; entomological investigations; experiments to determine 
the commercial value of sumac; enological experiments; and the dis- 
semination of information by lectures and published reports. 

Cryptogamic Laboratory, Pavia. 

Governing board. — Under the control of the Botanic Institute of the 
University of Pavia. 

Station staff '. — Prof. Giovani Briosi, Dir./ one assistant; two stu- 
dent assistants. 



ITALY. 189 

Origin. -Established in 1871. 

Equipment. — The laboratories and vegetation houses of the Botanic 
Institute. 

Lines of work. — Study of the anatomy and physiolog3 T of plants and 
of the morphology of cryptogamic parasites of plants and animals; 
investigation of means for arresting their development and spread and 
for lessening their injurious effects; and the study of problems sub- 
mitted by public or private parties. The results are published in 
Atti delV Lstituto Botanico oleW Universita di Pavia and other 
periodicals. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Pisa. 

Governing hoard. — A trustee representing the Department of Agri- 
culture, Industries, and Commerce. 

Station staff. — Prof. Fausto Sestini, Dir.; Dr. C. Montanari, 
V.-Dir.; Dr. A. Martinoli, Asst. Chem.; Dr. G. Masoni, Asst. Agr. 

Origin. — Established in 1886 by the Department of Agriculture,, 
Industries, and Commerce. 

Equipment. — The station is provided with a well-equipped agricul- 
tural chemical laboratory in the University of Pisa. 

Income.— For 1901, $1,417.50 (State,* $579; fees for analyses, 
$868.50). 

Lines of work. — Studies in plant nutrition; analysis of soils, fertili- 
zers, and feeding stuffs; analytical investigations; stud}*- of adultera- 
tion of olive oil; practical investigations for farmers. (See Agricul- 
tural Chemical Laboratories, p. 192.) 

Royal Agricultural High School, Portici (Naples). 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Com- 
merce. 

Station staff. — Prof. Salvatore Baldassarre, Dir. Animal Hush. ; 
Prof. G. Ampola, Dir. Agr. Chem. Lab.; Prof. P. Palmeri, Chem.; 
Prof. F. Campanile, Phys. and Met.; Prof. E. Monaco, Mm. and 
Geol.; Prof. O. Comes, Dot. and Veg. Path.; Prof. A. Berlese, 
Zool. and Ent.; Prof. M. Montanari, Agr.; Prof. L. Savastano, Hort. 
and For.; Prof. F. Nitti, Polit. Econ., Statistics, and Rural Legisla- 
tion; Prof. O. Bordiga, Rural Econ., Taxation, and Accounts; Prof. 
F. Milone, Farm Mach. and Rural Construction; Prof. E. Galli, 
Hydraulics, Topography, and Designing ; Prof. U. Barpi, Anat. and 
Physiol.; Prof. E. Mingioli, Agr. Indus.; Dr. G. Leonardi, Apicul- 
ture and sill- Culture; Dr. F. Rossi, Enol.; Dr. G. Mottareale, Veg. 
Path.; Dr. G. Martinoli, Animal Path. 

Origin. — Established in 1872 by the Province of Naples, with the 
cooperation of the Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Com- 
merce, which later, in 1889, assumed full control of the school. 



190 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Equipment. In the main building of the .school are a number of 
laboratories — botanical, chemical, zoological, entomological, etc. a 
museum, and a nursery for silkworms. There are also experimental 
dairy barns and a botanic garden. 

Income. — Funds provided by the Department of Agriculture, Indus- 
tries, and Commerce and fees for analyses. 

Lines of work. — This institution includes a number of departments 
that are engaged in investigations relating to agriculture. The agri- 
cultural chemical laboratory is similar to those connected with other 
educational institutions in Italy, its work comprising analyses and 
investigations with animal and vegetable products, soils, and fertil- 
izers. Other departments are investigating problems in the nutrition 
and breeding of domestic animals, diseases of plants and animals, 
insect pests, silk production, dairy problems, and the production of 
field crops, especially tobacco. Entomological investigations have 
included quite extensive studies of scale insects and mites, investiga- 
tions of insecticides, a study of the agency of insects in the trans- 
mission of alcoholic ferments, and an investigation of the effect of 
intraorganic injections on parasites. Doctor Leonardi has published a 
book on injurious Hymenoptera and Diptera. Reports of the invests 
gations are published in Annali della ReaL Seuola Superior </' Agri- 
coltura in Poriici and bulletins are issued for free distribution. 

Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology, Borne. 

Governing hoard. — The station is independent. 

Station staff. — Prof. G. Cuboni, Dlr.; two assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. 

Lines of work. — Study of cryptogamic and bacteriological diseases 
of cultivated plants and of means for suppressing them; and the dis- 
semination of information by lectures. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Rome. 

Govt ruing hoard. — The station is autonomous and under the control 
of the Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce. 

Station staff. — Prof. Italo Giglioli, Dir.; Drs. Amerigo Lazzari, 
Saverio Jovino, Matteo Tallamini, Giulio Saulnier, Assts. 

Origin. Established in 1871; reorganized in 1881. 

Equipment. — In the building of the Royal Agricultural Museum of 
Rome this station is provided with two chemical laboratories, balance 
room, machine room, workshop, and an agricultural library of 6,000 
volumes. Adjacent to the laboratory is an experiment field of about 
1 | acres. The experiment field, established at Suessola in 1887 and 
until 1901 connected with the agricultural chemical laboratory of the 
Royal Agricultural High School at Portici, is now under the manage- 
ment of this station. 



ITALY. 19] 

Income. — For 1902-3, $5,230.30, including a government allowance 
of $3,570.50. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, feeding stuffs, plants, 
and plant products; field experiments on different soils with different 
manures and fertilizers, and the dissemination of information by 
bulletins, correspondence, and lectures. At Suessola continuous crop- 
ping with wheat and corn has been in progress for fifteen years, and 
during that time 15 crops of wheat and 14 crops of corn have been 
raised on one field. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Scandicci (Florence). 

(lor, filing hoard. — Under the control of the Agricultural Institute 
of Scandicci, with which it is connected. 

Station staff. — Prof. Napoleon Passerini, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1884 by Count N. Passerini. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratoiy and other equipment of the 
Agricultural Institute. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, animal and vegetable 
products, etc.; fertilizer experiments; investigations in plant phys 
iology and problems in nitrifaction, germination of seeds, soil physics, 
wine production, and variety tests with tobacco. (See Agricultural 
Chemical Laboratories, p. 192.) 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Siena. 

Station staff. — Prof. Carlo Giannetti, Dir. ; an assistant and a helper. 

Origin. — Established in 1872 by the Agricultural Society of Siena, 
with the concurrence of the Department of Agriculture, Industries, 
and Commerce, the latter to provide for the maintenance of the station. 
In 1887 it became autonomous. 

Equipment. — The laboratory has no equipment but makes use of 
the spacious laboratories and excellent modern apparatus of the phar- 
maceutical chemical laboratory of the Royal University of Siena. 

Income. — For 1902, $540.40 (Department of Agriculture, Industries, 
and Commerce, $386; municipality of Siena, $38.60; fees, $115.80). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of foods, feeding stuffs, soils, wines, 
waters, etc. (See Agricultural Chemical Laboratories, p. 192.) 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Turin. 

Governing hoard.— -The station is autonomous and under the control 
of a committee representing the Government and local societies. 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Zecchini, Dir.; four assistants. 

Origin.- — Established in 1871. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, waters, and fertilizers; fertilizer 
experiments; study of rocks from which originated the Piedmont soils; 
and the dissemination of information by lectures and correspondence,, 



192 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, TJdine. 

Governing hoard. — Connected with the Technical Institute of Udine 
and governed by a committee representing the Government and local 
societies. 

Station staff.— Prof. G. Nallino, Dir. 

Origin.- — Established in 1870. 

Equipment. — The station has the use of the equipment of the Tech- 
nical Institute. 

Limes of work. — Analysis and experimental test of different soils and 
fertilizers, etiological and viticultural experiments; microscopic exami- 
nations and tests of the vitality of eggs of the silkworm; and the dis- 
semination of information by lectures and correspondence. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratories. 

These are laboratories connected with educational institutions and 
are under the control, usually, of professors of chemistry. Partly 
supported by the institutions with which they are connected and by 
fees, each laboratory also receives an annual grant of $193 from the 
Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce. The work 
undertaken includes the analysis of soils, fertilizers, animal and veg- 
etable products, and other articles sent to the institution. Such 
work, when done for private parties, requires a small fee, but when 
done for government officials and agricultural societies is gratuitous. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Bologna. 

Established in 1872; Prof. G. Plancher, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Caserta. 

Established in 1888; Prof. E. Casoria, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Perugia. 

Prof. Gius. Bellucci, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Pesaro. 

Established in 1871; Dr. Francis Dupre, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Pisa.<* 

Established in 1886; Prof. Fausto Sestini, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Portici. ft 

Prof. G. Ampola, Dir. 

" See same laboratory, p. 189. 

&See Royal Agricultural High School, Portici, p. 189. 



JAPAN. 193 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Scandicci." 
Prof. Napoleon Passerini, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Siena. « 

Established in 1872; Prof. Carlo Giannetti, Dvr. 

JAPAN. 

The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Tokyo. 

Baron Keigo Kiyoura, Minis, of Agr. and Coin. 

From 1869 to 1881 there was in Japan the Bureau of Agriculture, 
which was successively attached to the ministries of state, finance, and 
the interior. In 1881 the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was 
organized as a separate department. It comprises bureaus of agricul- 
ture, commerce and industry, forestry, superintendence of forests and 
uncultivated areas, mines, patents, fisheries, and geology. The Bureau 
of Agriculture includes five divisions — administration, agricultural 
products, animal husbandry, horse breeding, and horse castration. The 
total budget of the ministry for 1902 was $3,386,713. 

The ministry establishes, supports, and controls experiment stations; 
conducts special expeiiments in the manufacture of tea; investigates 
problems in sericulture, animal husbandry, horse breeding, veterinary 
science, etc.; erects new buildings and purchases apparatus for the 
experiment stations, sericultural schools, and other institutions under 
its control. 

The experimental work of the ministry began in 1886 with field 
experiments with rice, wheat, and other crops in the vicinity of Tokyo. 
In 1890 a provincial experiment field was established at Nishigahara, 
and in 1893 this was enlarged and became the Central Agricultural 
Experiment Station. At the same time six branch stations were 
organized, three others being organized in 1896. These branch sta- 
tions were organized for the purpose of conducting work somewhat 
similar to that done at the Central Station, to whose director the offi- 
cers of the branch stations were responsible. To each station was 
assigned a certain territory, including several prefectures, and all 
questions arising in that territory were referred to the station located 
in the territory. With each station were associated several prefec- 
torial experiment stations which for a number of years have been sub- 
sidized by the Government in order to encourage the establishment of 
other similar institutions. Beginning with 1900 the total appropria- 
tion for these subsidies was fixed at $65,000 per annum. Thirty-nine of 
these prefectorial stations have been organized, and of late their work 

"See same laboratory, p. 191. 
5368— No. 112—04 13 



194 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

has been of such a nature as to make it possible for the Central Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station, in April, 1903, to reduce the number of 
branch experiment stations to three. Consequently the Hokuriku, 
Too, Tokai, Shikoku, Sanio, and Sanin branch stations have been 
transferred to the control of local governments, leaving only the 
Kinai, Kiushu, and Kikuu branch stations under the control of the 
central organization. This reduction in the number of branch sta- 
tions has enabled the central organization to increase the funds and 
staffs of the remaining stations. 

Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigahara, near Tokyo. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Station staff. — Dr. Y. Kozai, Dir.; Dr. M. Saito, Chief Div. 
Agron. ; . Dr. H. Sakano, Chief Div. Agr. Ch&m.; Dr. S. Konuki, 
Chief Div. Ent.; S. 1. Kuwana, Ent.; Dr. S. Hori, Chief Dir. Veg. 
Path.; Dr. H. Aoyama, Chief Div. Tobacco; Dr. T. Onda, Chief 
Div. Hort.; Dr. H. Ando, Chief Div. Publications; and Y. Hatano, 
Chief Div. Accounts and Disbursements. The staff of the Central 
Station and the three branch stations includes 28 other experts, 42 
assistant experts, and 8 clerks, of whom 8 experts, 19 assistant 
experts, and 5 clerks are on duty at the Central Station and its outlying 
experiment fields. There are in addition many laborers and other 
employees. 

Origin.— Established in 1890 as a provincial experiment field at 
Nishigahara. In 1893 the work of the experiment field was broadened 
and the Central Agricultural Experiment Station was organized. In 
1899 a reorganization took place, and the divisions of agronomy, agri- 
cultural chemistry, entomology, vegetable pathology, tobacco, publica- 
tions, and accounts and disbursements were established. In 1902 a 
division of horticulture was added. 

Equipment. — Two large chemical laboratories, one for investigations 
in agricultural chemistry and the other for analytical work, labora- 
tories for entomology and vegetable pathology, a glass vegetation 
house, two greenhouses, tobacco-fermenting house, two tobacco-curing 
barns, farm dairy, museum, libraries., etc. There is also an experi- 
ment field of 21 acres connected with the Central Station and a number 
of outlying experiment fields, one at Okitsu, in the prefecture of 
Shidzuoka, 110 miles from Tokyo, belonging to the division of horti- 
culture, and two tobacco fields, one situated at Hatano, in the prefec- 
ture of Kanagawa, 48 miles from Tokyo, the other at Ota, in the 
prefecture of Ibaragi, 86 miles from Tokyo. 

Income. — Budget of the Central Station and the three branch sta- 
tions for the fiscal year ending March 31, 1904, $91,920, including 
$6,500 for buildings and repairs. 



JAPAN. 195 

Lines of work. — Division of agronomy : Selection, culture, and manur- 
ing of forage and lield crops; examination of seeds and plants; harvest- 
ing, curing, and preserving agricultural products; improvement of 
farm implements and arable soils; irrigation and drainage; breeding 
of live stock and poultry; apiculture; investigation of the relation of 
cultivation to soils, fertilizers, and climatic conditions; meteorological 
observations; distribution of seeds and plants, and the investigation 
of present agricultural conditions. Division of agricultural chemistry: 
Analysis of agricultural products, soils, fertilizers, irrigating waters, 
etc.; preparation of agricultural products; analyses and experiments 
for the public; inspection of commercial fertilizers and feeding stuffs; 
feeding experiments with live stock and poultry; chemical study of 
vegetable physiology; reports on the cultivation of soils and on plants, 
fertilizers, and poisonous substances, and experiments on the work of 
other divisions. Division of entomology: Classification and study of 
useful and injurious insects and animals, including the production and 
protection of useful insects; study of means for destroying injurious 
insects, and a study of climatic, geographical, and other conditions 
that are important in the life history of insects. The ravages of insects 
are studied and reports issued. Division of vegetable pathology: 
Study of plant diseases, their prevention and remedies: production of 
useful micro-organisms and parasitic micro- organisms; preparation of 
samples of pathogenic micro-organisms; research work in the destruc- 
tion of injurious micro-organisms; reports on diseases and their geo- 
graphical distribution, and pathological studies. Division of cattle 
feeding. Division of tobacco culture: Selection and culture of native 
and introduced tobaccos; reports on tobacco soils, fertilizers, and 
climate; drying, sorting, fermenting, and preserving tobacco; manu- 
facture of sample cigars and cigarettes, and the study of tobaccos. 
Division of horticulture: Cultivation of native and introduced fruits 
and vegetables; investigations on the methods of propagation, harvest- 
ing, and storing fruits and vegetables; preparation of horticultural 
products; forcing experiments; determination and distribution of 
seeds and plants. 

Each division is also required to conduct investigations required by 
the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, to answer questions asked 
by farmers, and to publish records of the results of its work. 

Branch Stations. 
Rikuu Branch Station, Hanadatemura, Akita. 

Governing hoard. — The director of the Central Agricultural Exper- 
iment Station and the director of this station. 

Station staff. — Dr. K. Ushimura, Dir.; 4 experts, 7 assistant experts, 
a clerk, and several other employees. 



196 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Established in 1896. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of agricultural problems in the colder 
regions of Japan. 

Kinai Branch Station, Kashiwara, Osaka. 

Governing hoard. — The director of the Central Agricultural Exper- 
iment Station and the director of this station. 

Station staff. — Dr. K. Okada, Dir.; G. Daikuhara, Chem.; T. Naga- 
saki, Agr.; S. Kodama, I. Hamakawa, K. Kuriyama,and K. I. Okada, 
Assts.; K. Hoshino, Clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1893. Territory: Prefectures of Osaka, 
Wakayama, Kyoto, Hyogo, and Nara. The last three prefectures 
maintain experiment stations. 

Equipment. — Two laboratories, a glass house containing 200 pots, 
and an experiment field of 6 acres. 

Income — For 1902, $5,390 from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Commerce. 

Lines of work — Investigations in rice culture and soil chemistry; 
manurial experiments; analysis of fertilizers, soils, feeding stuffs, etc. ; 
experiments with hemp, cotton, and indigo plants. 

Kiushu Branch Station, Idzumimura, Kumamoto. 

Governing hoa/rd.—~ The director of the Central Agricultural Experi- 
ment Station and the director of this station. 

Station staff. — Y. Otsuka, Dir.; T. Nakamura, Chem.; K. Sho- 
shima, M. S., £fot.; T. Ishii, S. Aritoshi, K. Udo, and T. Hamaguchi, 



Origin. — Established in 1893. The territory over which this station 
exercises jurisdiction includes the prefectures of Oita, Saga, Miyazaki, 
Kagoshima, Okinawa, Kumamoto, Nagasaki, and Fukuoka. All except 
Oita maintain experiment stations. 

Equipment. — Well-equipped chemical laboratory, large glass house, 
and entomological laboratory. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the culture of rice and other cereals; 
vegetation experiments; analysis of soils, fertilizers, and feeding stuffs; 
studies in plant nutrition; investigations in economic entomology, and 
practical investigations for farmers. 

Branch Stations Recently Transferred to Local Governments. 
Tokai Branch Station, Anjomura, Aichi. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1896; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 

Equipment. Twelve buildings used as laboratories, offices, resi- 
dences, stables, etc., and an experimental field of nearly 9 acres. 



JAPAN. 197 

Through the center of the Held runs an irrigating ditch, on one side of 
which is paddy soil and on the other dry land. The whole field is laid 
out into regular plats. 

Income. — For 1902, $4,731 from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Commerce. 

Lines of work. — Study of the relation of climate to vegetation; irri- 
gation investigations; investigations with soils, manures, and seeds; 
variety, cultural, and fertilizer experiments with paddy and upland 
rice, millet, sweet potatoes, soy beans, barley, wheat, rape, indigo 
plants (Polygonum tinctorium, Indlgofera anil, and I. tinctoria), 
Japanese cotton, upland cotton, tobacco, fruits, etc. 

Sanio Branch Station, Gionmura, Hiroshima. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1893; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 

Sanin Branch Station, Imaichi, Shimane. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1896; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 

Sliikoku Branch Station, Kanomyomura, Tokushima. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1893; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 

Lines of work. — Vegetation experiments; analysis of soils, fertili- 
zers, and feeding stuffs; practical investigations for farmers. 

Too Branch Station, Magasakimura, Miyagi. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1893; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 

Equipment. — A chemical laboratory and two experiment fields, one 
on the upland and one on the paddy soil. 

Lines of work. — Vegetation experiments, mainly with rice, soy beans, 
barley, and wheat; analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and 
other agricultural products; control of fertilizers. 

Hokuriku Branch Station, Matautomachi, Ishikawa. 

Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 
in 1893; transferred to the control of the local government in April, 
1903. 



198 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Kyoto Sericultural Institute, Kinngasa, near Kyoto. 

Governing hoard. — The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Station staff. — G. Matsunaga, Dir.; three other experts; .six assist- 
ant experts; three clerks, and a number of helpers. 

Origin. — Established \)y the Government in 1899. 

Equipment. — Lecture rooms; office; five silk nurseries and equipment 
for reeling; silk laboratory for investigating diseases of silkworms; 
chemical laboratory; eleven accessory buildings, and a mulberry plan- 
tation of nearly 4 acres. 

Income. — For 1902, $14,176 from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Commerce. 

Lines of work. — Instruction and investigations in sericulture. The 
investigations include experiments in rearing and feeding silkworms, 
the reeling of silk, and studies of the physiology and pathology of silk- 
worms. The station makes gratuitous distribution of silkworm eggs, 
and gives instruction by lectures and correspondence to silkworm 
growers throughout the country. 

Tokyo Sericultural Institute, Nishigahara, near Tokyo. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Station, staff '. — Dr. I. Honda, Dir.; six other experts; eleven assist- 
ant experts; four clerks, and a number of other employees. 

Origin. — In 1884 an experiment laboratory for investigation of silk- 
worm diseases was established in Tokyo. In 1880 this laboratory was 
removed to Nishigahara, and has since been broadened to include a 
number of other investigations. 

Equipment. — Lecture rooms, silkworm nurseries, cocoon drying 
room, disinfection room, laboratory for investigating diseases of silk- 
worms, leaf-preserving rooms, museum, reeling apparatus, etc. 

Income.— For 1902, $25,647 from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Commerce. 

Lines of work. — At this institution instruction in sericulture and 
silk reeling is given to the students, and investigations are conducted 
including experiments in the rearing and feeding of silkworms, the 
reeling of silk, the cultivation of mulberry trees, and studies of dis- 
eases of silkworms. 

Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station, Sapporo. 

Dr. Y. Ibuki, Dir. Established in 1903 and under the control of 
the local government. 

Experiment Station, Taichiu, Formosa. 

Governing hoard. — Bureau of Industries of the government of 
Formosa. 

Station staff. — S. Ao} T agi, Dir.; two assistants; a sericulturist; a 
clerk, and a Chinese interpreter. 



JAPAN. 199 

Origin. — Established in 19( )() by the Prefecture of Taichiu. Brought 
under government control in L901; reorganized and enlarged in 1903. 

Equipment. — Office building, sericultural laboratory, cattle barn, 
and piggery. 

Income.— For 1903, $6,525 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with rice, tobacco, cotton, sugar cane, 
silk culture; experiments with cattle and pigs. 

Experiment Station, Tainan, Formosa. 

Governing board. — Bureau of Industries of the government of 
Formosa. 

Station staff. — S. Aoyagi, Di/r.j one assistant; a veterinarian; a 
clerk, and a Chinese interpreter. 

Origin. — Established in 1899 by the Prefecture of Tainan; brought 
under government control in 1901. 

Equipment. — Office building, two residences, a barn, and a students' 
dormitory. 

Income.— For 1903, $4,611 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Culture of rice, sugar cane, tobacco, cotton, indigo 
plants, and fruit trees; experiments with cattle; and instruction in 
agriculture to native boys. 

Experiment Station, Taipeh, Formosa. 

Governing board. — Bureau of Industries of the government of 
Formosa. 

Station staff. — Y. Fujine, Dir.; two assistants; a veterinarian; a 
clerk, and a Chinese interpreter. 

Origin. — Established in 1899 by the Prefecture of Taihoku. 
Brought under control of the government of Formosa in 1901; 
enlarged and reorganized in 1903. 

Equipment. — Office building, two residences, barn, piggery, imple- 
ment and seed room, students' dormitory. 

Income.— For 1903, $6,526 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with rice, tobacco, indigo plants, jute, 
China grass, forage plants, and fruit trees; animal husbandry experi- 
ments, especially with cattle and pigs; and instruction in agriculture 
to native boys. 

Tea Experiment Station, Toshiyen, Formosa. 

Governing board. — Bureau of Industries of the government of 
Formosa. 

Station staff. — K. Fujie, Tea Expert. 

Origin. — Established in 1901 under the control of the government 
of Formosa. 

Equipment. — Tea house. 

Lncome.— For 1903, $1,743 from the State. 

Lines of 'work : — Experiments in tea production. 



200 



EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Prefectorial Agricultural Experiment Stations. 

The 39 prefectorial experiment stations arc partly supported by the 
Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, hut are under the control of 
the local governments. They maintain an intimate relationship with 
the branch stations under the Central Agricultural Experiment Sta- 
tion, and their officers hold frequent conferences with the officers of 
these branch stations. 

The following table gives the name, location, date of establishment, 
and budget for the fiscal year ending March 31, 11)04, of each of these 
stations: 



Name. 



I, oca lion. 



Date of 




establ 


ish- 


Budget. 


met 


t. 




Apr., 


1890 


85, 818 


Jan., 


1890 


3,222 


Sept., 


188(5 


4,399 


Nov., 


1884 


7,466 


Dec, 


1887 


6,169 


Aug., 


188b 


9,408 


Apr., 


1890 


5,390 


Sept., 


1885 


6,752 


Feb., 


1890 


11,232 


Sept., 


1885 


3, 926 


Nov., 


1884 


10, 202 


Apr., 


1885 


4,089 


Oct., 


1884 


3,370 


May, 


1890 


6,594 


Feb., 


1890 


2, 598 


May, 


1885 


4,183 


Mar., 


1891 


4,262 


Jan., 


1887 


4,713 


Mar., 


1893 


2, 668 


Jan., 


1887 


4,192 


Feb., 


1891 


2, 934 


Mar., 


1890 


3,302 


Dec., 


ism; 


6,372 


Kov., 


1884 


2, 694 


Feb.. 


1892 


4,568 


Dec, 


L884 


2,332 


Feb., 


189*2 


3, 689 


Aug., 


1886 


6, 857 


Feb., 


1S90 


6, 761 


Feb., 


1890 


5,137 


Apr., 


1886 


6,664 


Mar., 


1893 


2, 827 


Jan., 


1889 


4,471 


Feb., 


1890 


5,594 


Sept., 


1889 


3,497 


Dec, 


1884 


8,333 


Mar., 


1890 


2, 822 


May, 


1889 


2, 200 


Feb., 


1890 


3,249 



Tokyo fu a 

Kyoto fu 

Kanagawa kenfr. 

Hyogo ken 

Nagasaki ken . . . 

Niigata ken 

Saitama ken 

Gumma ken 

Ibaraki ken 

Tochigi ken 

Aichi ken 

Nara ken 

Miye ken 

Shidzuoka ken . . 
Yamanashi ken . 

Shiga ken 

( Hfu ken 

Nagano ken 

Miyagi ken 

Fukushima ken . 

Iwate ken 

Awomori ken . . . 
Yamagata ken . . 

Akita ken 

Ishikawa ken . . . 



Nakano, Tokyo 

Katsuramura, Yamashiro 

Hodogaya, Kanagawa 

Akashi, Harima 

Nakagawago, near Nagasaki 

Nagaoka, Echigo 

Tamaimura, Osatogun, Musashi 

Mayebashi, Kozuke 

Sakatomura, near Mito 

Utsunomiya, Shimotsuke 

Kiyosu, Owari 

Near Nara 

Tsu, Ise 

Toyodamura, Suruga 

Kofu, Kai 

Zeze, Omi 

Imaidzumi, near Gifu 

Near Nagano 

Nagamachi, near Sendai 

Near Koriyama, I washiro 

Motomiya, near Morioka 

Shinjo, near Awomori 

Urushiyama, TJzen 

Ushijima, near Akita 

Near Kanezawa 

Fukuno, Tonamigun 



Toyama ken 

Tottori ken . Mihomura, Hoki 

Shimane ken i Near Matsue, Izumo. . . 

Okayama ken Takamatsumura, Bizen . . 

Hiroshima ken i Near Hiroshima 

Yamaguchi ken I Near Yamaguchi 

Tokushima ken I Near Tokushima 

Kagawa ken Kuribayashimura, Sanuki 

Yhime ken I Yodomura, Iyo 

Kochi ken Nagaokamura, Tosa 

Fukuoka ken . Near Fukuoka 

Saga ken 

Miyazaki ken . . 
Kagoshima ken 



Kaminomura, Hizen 

Akayemura, Hyuga 

Aratamura, near Kagoshima. 



a Tokyo fu Agricultural Experiment Station. 
''Kanagawa ken Agricultural Experiment Station. 

Private Experiment Stations. 



Marquis Matsudaira Experimental Farm, Old Castle, Fukui. 
Count Hotta Agricultural Experiment Station, Sakura, Chiba. 
Count Tachibana Experimental Farm, Near Kurume, Chikugo. 



JAVA. 201 

JAVA. 

Botanic Station, Buitenzorg. 

Station staff. — Dr. M. Treub, Dir. Division I: Herbarium and 

Museum , Chief and V.-Dir.; P. Demonchy, Cur. 

Division II: Botany — Dr. J. M. Bernhout, Bot. Division III: Ex- 
periment Garden and Agricultural Chemical Laboratoiy, Dr. P. van 
Romburgh, Chief; Dr. W. R. Tromp de Haas, Asst. Ohem.; Dr. A. 
W. Nanninga, Asst. Chem. for the Study of Tea; A. Massink, Mgr. 
Division IV: Pharmacological Laboratory— Dr. W. G. Boorsma, Chief. 
Division V: Botanic Garden and Tjibodas Garden — H. J. Wigman, 
Chief Hort.; J. J. Smith. Asst. Chief Asst. Rort.; J. W. Heyl, 
Gard. at Tjibodas. Division VI: Office, Library, and Photographic 
Studio — J. J. Brutel de la Riviere, Chief; C. E. F. Lang, Photog- 
rapher; C. L. Schrijn and J. F. H. Samuels, Clerks. Division VII: 
Forestry— Dr. S. H. Koorders, Chief; Dr. Th. Valeton, Bot. Divi- 
sion VIII: Tobacco Laboratory — Dr. J. van Breda de Haan, Chief; 
Dr. E. C. J. Mohr, Second Chem. Division IX: Coffee Laboratory — 
Dr. J. G. Kramers, Chief Chem.; Dr. A. Zimmerman, Bot.; Miss 
B. M. R. Lang, Asst. Division X: Agricultural Zoological Labora- 
tory — Dr. J. C. Koningsberger, Zool. 

Origin. — Founded in 1817 by the Dutch Government. In 1885 the 
first of the laboratories was opened, and in 1890 the divisions of botany 
and agricultural chemistry were organized to make special investiga- 
tions in the interests of colonial farmers. Other divisions since organ- 
ized bring the number up to ten. 

Equipment. — Botanical museum containing a large herbarium; phar- 
macological laboratory; two botanical laboratories, one for coffee and 
one for tobacco; agricultural chemical laboratory; greenhouses; lab- 
oratory for vegetable pathology; laboratory of agricultural zoology 7 ; 
laboratory for foreign investigators; photographic studio; about 1,100 
acres of land, including a botanic garden of 143 acres, an experiment 
garden of 179 acres, and nearly 700 acres of forest on Mount Tjibodas, 
where still another laboratory has beeen erected. 

Income. — Supported partly by the Government, partly by fees, and 
partly by associations of planters, who pay the salaries of several mem- 
bers of the staff engaged in agricultural research work. 

Lines of work. — The division of agricultural chemistry and those 
for the stud}- of tobacco and coffee are engaged almost exclusively in 
experimental investigations for the planters of the island. Besides 
the investigations with coffee, tea, and tobacco, which are most impor- 
tant, the work of the station includes investigations in entomology, 
plant physiology and forestry, fertilizer experiments, and botanical 
investigations with tropical plants and trees. 



202 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

West Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station, "Kagok," Pekalongan. 

Govt rn tng board. —The .station is under tho direct control of the Asso- 
ciation of Sugar Manufacturers of Cheribon, Tegal, and Pekalongan. 

Station staff. — H. C. Prinsen-Geerligs, Dir. and ( % m. ; Dr. Z. Kam- 
erling, Bob.; M. van Deventer, Asst. Ent.; H. Tervooren, Asst. 
( 'h< in.; H. A. G. van der Jagt, Asst. Agr.; J. V. Snoek, Bookkeeper. 

Origin. — Founded at Tegal in 1886 by the Association of Sugar 
Manufacturers of Cheribon, Tegal, and Pekalongan; moved in 1901 
to the present location. 

Equipment. — Laboratory building containing chemical, botanical, 
control analytical, and other laboratories; rooms for sterilizers, polari- 
scopes, stock, etc.; experiment station. 

Income. — Supported by members of the Association of Sugar Manu- 
facturers, of whom there are two classes: (1) Proprietors of sugar 
plantations, who pay an annual tax of about 30 cents per acre of sugar 
cane; (2) heads of commercial houses and private persons, who are 
assessed at least $48 per year. In this way an annual income of about 
$24,000 is provided. 

Lines of work. — Cultural experiments with sugar cane, including 
the introduction and propagation of improved varieties; investigation 
of means for combating diseases and insect pests of sugar cane, and a 
study of all questions concerning the chemistry and manufacture of 
sugar. 

Experiment Station for Indigo, Klaten. 

Governing hoard. — Three members elected by the contributing 
planters. The general management of the station is vested in the 
director of the botanic station at Buitenzorg, of which this station is a 
branch. 

Station staff. — J. J. Hazewinkel, Dir.; a botanist; and a helper. 

Origin. — Established in 1896 by an association of planters. In 1902 
it became a section of the botanic station at Buitenzorg. 

Equipment. — A laboratory and an experiment held. 

Income. — Six thousand five hundred and sixty-six dollars per annum. 

lanes of work. — Scientific and practical investigations in growing 
and manufacturing indigo. 

East Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station, Pasoeroean. 

Governing board. — A committee of twelve members chosen in rota- 
tion from the membership of the Sugar Planters' Association of East 
Java. 

Station staf. — J. D. Kobus, Dir., Hot. <hk1 Ohem.; A. van Bijlert, 
Ch. D., Agr. Chem.; several assistants. 

Origin.— Established in 1887. 



LUXEMBURG MADAGASCAR MALTA. 203 

Equipment. — Chemical and botanical laboratories, and experiment 
gardens. 

Income, — About $26,000 per year, paid by members of the associa- 
tion. This is slightly increased by sale of cane and by fees. 

Lines of work. — The station is devoted to the interests of sugar-cane 
production, and its work includes the analysis of fertilizers and 
materials used in the manufacture of cane sugar; studies on the dis- 
eases of cane and on insects injurious to it; testing of varieties and 
hybridizing; investigations on soils and drainage waters; meteorologi- 
cal observations. 

Agronomic Station, Salatiga. 

Station staff. — Dr. L. Zehntner, Dir. 

Lines of work. — This station has been established and is supported 
by the cacao planters of Java for the purpose of investigating and 
combating the diseases and insect pests of cacao. 

KONGO FREE STATE. 

Botanic Garden and Experiment Station, Coquithatville. 
The station was established in 1900. 

LUXEMBURG. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Ettelbruck. 

Staff. — Prof. C. Aschmann, Dir and Chem.; Drs. A. Biver and 
J. P. A rend, Assts. 

MADAGASCAR. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Nahanisana." 

Governing board. — Prudhomme, who is chief of the Department of 
Agriculture in Madagascar. 

Station staff. — Fauchere, Dir. 

The station includes about 31 acres of land, part of which is a rice 
plantation, and was organized to make a survey of the agricultural 
resources of the island and to serve as a center for the dissemination 
of information on agricultural subjects. It is investigating means 
for improving the systems of culture now in use, introducing into the 
colony plants of economic importance and studying methods of breed- 
ing and improving live stock. Similar stations are located at Tamatave, 
Mananjary, and Fort Dauphin. 

MALTA. 
Sant' Antonio Gardens. 

Staff. — John Borg, Our., in charge of Sanf Antonio Gardens and 
other gardens connected with it. 

Origin. — Founded in 1636 by Grand Master Antonio de Paola, 
brought under government control upon the death of the founder. 

«See Colonial Garden, Nogent-sur-Marne, p. 111. 



204 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Connected with this garden are the Boschetto Gardens and the Magi io 
Gardens, each under a head gardener. 

Equipment. Well-furnished nurseries at each garden; also three 
isolated nurseries known as St. Paul's nursery. Marina nursery, and 
Armier nursery. 

Income.— For 1901, $9,490. 

Lines of work. — Propagation and cultivation of ornamental trees, 
shrubs, and fruit trees, including the orange, the olive, the vine, and 
stone fruits. Investigation of insects and fungi affecting fruit trees; 
the introduction, cultivation, and distribution of vegetables. 
Argotti Botanic Garden." 

Governing hoard. — Under government control. 

Station staff. — Prof. Francesco Debono, M. D., Cur.; one keeper; 
three gardeners; four apprentices. 

Origin. — Founded in 1070 under the Order of St. John of Jeru- 
salem. 

Equipment. — A botanic garden and laboratory, and an experiment 
field. 

Income. — For 1902, $2,969, not including salaries. 

Lines of work. — Instruction in botany to students; collection and 
classification of plants; introduction of new economic and ornamental 
plants; distribution by sale or exchange of seeds, bulbs, etc., and the 
dissemination of information in botany and agriculture by corre- 
spondence and otherwise; the training of apprentices in gardening. 

MAURITIUS. 

Botanic Gardens, Curepipe." 
F. Bijoux, Overseer. 

Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens, Pamplemousses.« 
J. Vankeirsbilck, Dir. 

Agricultural Station, Reduit. 

Governing board.- II. Leclezio, Pres.; W. T. A. Edwards, W. New- 
ton, G. Robinson, F. Nash, G. Aubie, C. Antelme, the president of 
the Chamber of Agriculture; the president of the Royal Society of 
Arts and Sciences; R. Lejeunne, Sec. 

Stat ton staff. — P. Boname, Dir.; A. Edwards, Asst. Dir. 

Fjptipiiiint. -Laboratory and experimental field. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, manures, sugar cane 
and its products, and miscellaneous articles; investigation of injurious 
insects; variety tests with cane; fertilizing experiments; feeding- 
experiments with cattle; silage experiments; tests of various fod- 
der plants, and meteorological observations. Annual reports are 
published. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



NATAL. 205 

Botanic Gardens, Reduit.« 
W. A. Kennecty, Overseer. 

NATAL. 
Natal Agricultural Department, Pietermaritzburg'. 

Staff.— A. N. Pearson, Dir. of Ayr.; Claude Fuller, Ent.; T. R. 
Sim, Conservator of Forests; E. O. Challis, Dairy Expert; Alex 
Pardy, Official Analyst. 

The organized work of the Department of Agriculture appears to 
have begun with the appointment of a commissioner of agriculture 
October 1, 1895. The first report was addressed to the treasurer 
of the colony, but before the second report was issued a minister 
of agriculture was appointed. On November 20, 1901, the office of 
commissioner of agriculture was superseded by that of director of 
agriculture, to which position A. N. Pearson was appointed. The 
work of the department includes administrative duties, the enforce- 
ment of regulations against noxious insects and diseases of animals 
and plants, and the conducting of scientific investigations. A bac- 
teriological laboratory under the directorship of H. Watkins-Pitch- 
ford is maintained for the study of diseases and the manufacture of 
mallein, vaccine, etc. The field investigations of the department are 
conducted at the Central Experiment Farm at Cedara. The official 
organ of the department for the dissemination of information is the 
Agricultural Journal and Mining Record, a monthly publication now 
in its seventh volume. 

Central Experiment Farm, Cedara. 

Staff. — Alexander Reid, Farm Mgr.; W. Hosking, Field Expt.; 
T. M. Whelan, Mgr. Winkle Spruit Farm; a nurseryman, a carpen- 
ter, and three farm assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1902. 

Equipment. — An area of 3,614 acres, of which 250 acres are under 
cultivation; temporary residences and sheds have been constructed. 

Lines of work. — The work already begun consists of field experi- 
ments with corn, potatoes, and other farm crops, including rust- 
resistant varieties of wheat, and with farm manures and other fertilizers. 

Botanic Gardens, Durban. « 

Governing board. — Committee of Durban Botanic Society; B. W. 
Greenacre, Pres.; F. W. Dore, Sec; J. Medley Wood, Treas.; nine 
other members. 

Station staff. — J. Medley Wood, Car.; several assistants and 
helpers. 

« See Royal Gardens, Kevv, p. 161. 



206 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Equipment. — Buildings include a large conservatory and palm 
house, several propagating houses, fumigating and potting house, 
curator's residence, herbarium containing 28,000 plants, and library. 
The gardens are quite extensive and are freely open to the public. 

Income. — For 1000, $13,135, including government grants, balance 
from former year, receipts from produce sold and subscriptions and 
donations. 

Lines of work. — The introduction and cultivation of new plants; 
experiments with fiber plants, roots, trees, and shrubs, many of which 
are of commercial importance; investigation of plant diseases and 
insect pests and of means for their suppression; meteorological obser- 
vations; systematic botanical work with indigenous plants, the results 
of which are published under the title of " Natal Plants." 
Botanic Gardens, Pietermaritzburg. « 

Governing hoard. — A council composed of the mayors of Pieter- 
maritzburg and Durban, ex-officio, two members named by the Gov- 
ernment, and eight members elected by the Pietermaritzburg Botanic 
Society. 

Staff. — George Robertson, Cur.; one assistant. 

Equipment. — Greenhouses, nurseries, and botanic garden. 

Income. — For 1901, $1,535 derived from corporation and govern- 
ment grants, subscriptions, and sale of trees, plants, etc. 

Lines of work. — The collection, cultivation, and distribution by sale 
and otherwise of ornamental and economic plants. 

NETHERLANDS. 

CLASSES OF EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTIONS. 

There are in the Netherlands four classes of subsidized experimental 
institutions: (1) Government experiment stations and laboratories, 
(2) government demonstration tields, (3) dairy experiments, and (4) 
subsidized demonstration fields under the auspices of local agricultural 
and horticultural societies. 

Government Experiment Stations and Laboratories. 

There are five government experiment stations, located at Wagen- 
ingen, Hoorn, Goes, Maastricht, and Groningen, a seed control station 
at Wageningen, and a laboratory of vegetable pathology at Amsterdam. 

The general management of these stations is intrusted to a commis- 
sion consisting of not less than five nor more than eleven members, all 
appointed by the Crown. The president, the secretary, and one or 
more additional members of the committee constitute the executive 
committee which has immediate charge of the affairs of the station. 
The commission makes annual reports to the Minister of Public 
Works, Commerce, and Industry. 



"See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



NETHERLANDS. 207 

The director of each station is appointed by the Crown; the other 
officers — chemists, botanists, bacteriologists, assistants, etc.— are 
appointed by the Minister of Public Works, Commerce, and Industry 
on recommendation of the director. The directors of the various 
stations form a college which meets at least twice each year to discuss 
plans for experimental work and to lay out the cooperative experi- 
ments in charge of the instructors in agriculture and horticulture in 
the several provinces. The directors report annually to the executive 
committee of the experiment station commission. To each station is 
assigned a certain territory, and all questions arising in that territory 
must be referred to the station within its limits. 

Willie Commelin-Scholten Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology, Amsterdam. 

Governing hoard.— Prof. F. A. F. C. Went ( Utrecht), Pres.; Prof. 
J. Ritzema Bos, Sec. 

Staff. — J. Ritzema Bos, Dir.; C. J. J. von Hall, Asst.; a stenog- 
rapher. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by Mr. and Mrs. Commelin-Scholten at 
Amsterdam, in memory of their deceased son, Willie Commelin- 
Scholten. 

Equipment.- A laboratory at Amsterdam. 

Income. — From $2,500 to $3,000 per annum from the founders, and 
a government subsidy of $2,814 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in vegetable pathology and economic 
entomology. The laboratory also furnishes information on plant 
diseases and noxious animals to farmers, fruit growers, horticultur- 
ists, etc. 

Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Goes. 

Governing hoard. — Commission of five to eleven members appointed 
hy the Crown. 

Station staff. — Dr. A. J. Swaving, Dir.; one chemist, four assist- 
ants, one clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1889 at Breda; removed in 1893 to Goes. 

Equipment. — Three well-equipped laboratories in the station build- 
ing, a garden surrounding the building, and experiment fields in the 
three provinces served by the station. 

Income. —Annual appropriations by the Government, based on esti- 
mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines of work. — Anal} 7 sis of farm products, fertilizers, sugar beets, 
etc.; field experiments with fertilizers, and soil analyses. Especial 
attention is given to beet culture, the manufacture of beet sugar, and 
feeding experiments to determine the influence of different kinds of 
food on butter. Together with other stations, this station is charged 



208 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

with the examination of samples of butter taken according to the regu- 
lations of the pure-butter law of 1900. The territory served by this 
station includes Zeeland, with the South Holland islands of Goeree 
and Overflakkee, and a part of North Brabant. North Brabant and 
Limburg were included in the territory of this station until 1898, when 
Limburg and most of North Brabant were cut off. 

Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Groningen. 

Governing hoard. — Commission of tive to eleven members appointed 
by the Crown. 

Station staff . — Dr. B. Sjollema, Dir.; five assistants; four servants 
and clerks. 

Origin. — Established in 1889. 

Equipment. — A new laboratory building, a vegetation house, and 
gardens. 

Income. Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- 
mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
sugar beets, butter, and other farm products, and of soils; investiga- 
tions in organic chemistry, soils, and plant nutrition. This station is 
located in a region where intensive culture is practiced. Its territoiy 
includes Groningen, Drenthe, and part of Friesland. 

Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Hoorn. 

Governing board. — Commission of five to eleven members appointed 
by the Crown. 

Station staff. — Dr. K. H. M. van der Zande, Dir.; one chemist, 
four assistant chemists; one clerk; two assistants; and for the bacte- 
riological division a bacteriologist (F. W. J. Boekhout), a chemist, 
and one assistant. 

Origin. — Established in 1889. 

Equipment. — Experiment station laboratories, including bacterio- 
logical laboratory, and an experimental dairy farm controlled by a 
directorate of tive members of the Dairy Association of Hoorn. 

Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti 
mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of farm products, fertilizers, etc., for 
farmers. This station pays especial attention to dairy products, 
creamery methods, cattle feeding, and, together with the stations at 
Groningen, (Joes, and Maastricht, is charged witli the examination of 
samples of butter. Its territory includes the provinces of North Hol- 
land and South Holland, except the islands of Goeree and Overflakkee 



NETHEKLANDS. 209 

and the pasture district of Friesland. At the experimental dairy farm 
experiments in dahying are conducted. 

Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Maastricht. 

Governing hoard. — Commission of live to eleven members appointed 
by the Crown. 

Station staff. — Dr. D. Knuttel, Dir.; three assistants — one for dairy 
work; one clerk. 

Origin. — Founded in the fall of 1897. 

Equipment. — Laboratory. 

Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- 
mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of farm products, fertilizers, soils, feeding 
stuffs, samples of water, and creamery products for farmers in the 
districts of Limburg and part of North Brabant. 

Government Seed Control Station, Wageningen. 

Governing hoard. — Commission of five to eleven members appointed 
by the Crown. 

Station staff . — F. F. Bruijning, jr., Dir.; one botanist for micro- 
scopic investigation of foods; botanist for seed investigations; seven 
assistants; one stenographer; two clerks. 

Origin. — Until 1894 seed control was in the hands of the different 
agricultural experiment stations. From 1894 to 1898 all of this work 
was done in the seed control division of the Central Agricultural 
Experiment Station, at Wageningen. Since 1898 a separate seed control 
station at Wageningen has been maintained. 

Equipment. — Laboratories for seed investigations, microscopy and 
chemistry; botanic garden and collections. 

Income. — All expenses in connection with the station are defrayed 
by the Government, which receives all fees for public and private seed 
testing. The total expenses of the station for 1902 were about $5,600. 

Lines of work. — Seed control, botanical investigations and analyses, 
microscopic investigation of feeding stuffs, and some additional agri- 
cultural and botanical investigations. 

Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Wageningen. 

Governing h<><tr<l. — Commission of five to eleven members appointed 
by the Crown. The actions of the commission are subject to the 
approval of the Minister of Public Works, Commerce and Industry. 

Station staff. — Prof. Adolf Mayer, Dir.; one chemist; two assist- 
ants; one clerk. 

5368— No. 112—04 14 



210 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Established by the Government in 1877. When stations 
were organized at Breda, Groningen, and Hoorn, this became the 
central station. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experimental garden. 

Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- 
mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the govern- 
ment treasury. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
and vegetable physiology, and tobacco and other products. Chemical 
analysis of soils to determine the fertilizers needed receive special 
attention. The territory in charge of this station includes Gelderland, 
Overijssel, and Utrecht. 

Government Demonstration Fields. 

These fields are both agricultural and horticultural. The former 
are subsidized by the Government. The work of the latter is carried on 
through the cooperation of gardeners. The agricultural experimental 
fields in each province are in charge of an agricultural instructor, 
and in many provinces there is also a horticultural instructor, who 
besides conducting the demonstration fields carries on scientific experi- 
ments on separate fields. In the following list of government 
demonstration fields the names of the agricultural and horticultural 
instructors are given, together with the subsidy appropriated for each 
field. 

Demonstration Field, North Brabant. 

H. E. Huizenga, Agr. Instr. for West North Brabant and the 1 3om- 
meler Waard; B. Lips, Agr. Instr. for East North Brabant. Subsidy, 
$720. N. Noble, Hort. Instr. 

Demonstration Field, Utrecht. 

H. D. S. Hasselman, Agr. Instr. Subsidy, $360. 

Demonstration Field, Zeeland. 

I. G. J. Kakebeeke, Agr. Instr.; N. Nobel, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, 
$360. 

Demonstration Field, Gelderland. 

H. Mayer Gmelin, Agr. Instr.; J. P. M. Camman, Hort. Instr. 
Subsidy, $640. 

Demonstration Field, Drenthe. 

J. Elma, Agr. Instr. Subsidy, $400. 

Demonstration Field, Groningen. 

J. H. Mansholt, Agr. Instr.; J. Leendertz, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, 



NETHERLANDS. 

Demonstration Field, South Holland. 



211 



A. A. Neeb, Agr. lust,-.; C. H. Claassen, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, 
|400. 

Demonstration Field, Overijssel. 

S. Koenen, Agr. Inst/r. Subsidy, $480. 

Demonstration Field, Friesland. 

C. R. Brinkiuan, Agr. Instr.; J. Leendertz, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, 
$400. 

Demonstration Field, Limburg. 

F. R. Corten, Agr. Instr.; E. Snellen, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, $95.81. 

Demonstration Field, North Holland. 

C. Nobel, Agr. Instr.; H. G. Hazeloop, Hort. Instr. Subsidy, 
$500. 

Dairy Experiments. 

Investigations in dairying- outside of the regular experiment stations 
are conducted by dairy instructors who also attend meetings of farmers 
and give advice regarding the establishment of creameries and the 
analysis of milk, cream, and butter. The names and addresses of the 
dairy instructors and the subsidy received by each are as follows: 



Name. 



Location. 



Subsidy. 



J. Mesdag 

A. Bos 

Dr. L. T. C Scheij 

T. J. Snierstra 

H. B. Hylkema 

L. J.M. Koert 

F. E. Posthuma 

V. R. Y. Croesen 

John C. v. Weydom Claterbos 
J. J. Huisman , 



Friesland 

South Holland 

North Holland 

Utrecht 

Gelderland and Overijssel 

Zeeland 

Drenthe 

Overijssel 

Limburg 

Groningen 



81,020 
800 
800 
800 
800 
800 
800 
800 
840 



Subsidized Demonstration Fields. 

These are conducted by agricultural and horticultural societies which 
are subsidized for the purpose in amounts ranging from $20 to $200. 
The names of the fields or of the societies conducting them, the officers 
in charge, and the amount of money each receives from the Govern- 
ment are as follows: 

Potato Culture Fields of the Association for the Development of Agriculture in North 

Holland. 

C. Nobel, Agr. Instr.; W. Teengs, Sec. of the Assn. Subsidy, $60. 
Experiments with potatoes.- 



212 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Garden of the Association for Hoekschewaard's Interests at Klaasvaal. 

L. Overwater, Pres.; A. Bouman, jr., Sec; E. Middclburg, Gard. 
Subsidy, $200. Experiments with fruits and vegetables. 

Experiment Field of the Gerard Adriaan van Swieten Agricultural School, Willemsoord. 

This field is in charge of J. v. d. Have, Director of the Benevolent 
Association, which was organized in 1818 to colonize poor people on 
unoccupied land and aid them in obtaining work. 

Experiment Field, Sappeneer. 

G. Veenhuizen, Expt. The field is in charge of the trustees of the 
Peat Lands Colonization Agricultural Association and Is devoted prin- 
cipally to testing potato fertilizers and varieties of potatoes. It 
receives a government subsidy of $100. 

Experimental Field, Niew-Buinen. 

In charge of the Agricultural Association of Niew-Buinen, A. Slim, 
Sec. Government subsidy, 



Potato Culture Fields of the Friesian Agricultural Association, Suameer. 

K. L. de Vries, Sec.-Treas. Cultural experiments with potatoes. 
Government subsidy of 



Central Experiment Field, Kloosterveen. 

J. Veenhoven, Pres.; E. Schragen, Sec. Subsidy, $10. Potato 
experiments. 

Central Colonial Experimental Field, Valthermond. 

J. Hadders, Asst. Subsidy, $80. Tests of potatoes, oats, and 
vegetables. 

Experimental Fields, Broek on Langendijk. 

J. Ritzema Bos, Dir.; J. G. Hazeloop, Hart. Instr. Subsidy, $80. 
Combating diseases of cabbage. 

The Friesian Test Garden, Leeuwarden. 

R. S. Fockema, Pres.; H. J. Tierevelt, Sec. Variety tests of vege- 
tables, especially cabbage. 

Experimental Garden of the Groningen Division of the Netherlands Association for Horti- 
culture and Botany, Groningen. 

J. de Waard, Asst. Subsidy, $80. Variety tests of vegetables and 
small fruits. 

Horticultural Experiment Field of the Groningen Horticultural Association, Kolham. 

P. C. Van Calear, Pres.; C. Veenhuizen, Sec. Subsidy, $20. Fer- 
tilizer experiments. 



NEW ZEALAND. 213 

Association for Establishing and Maintaining a Test Garden, Hilversnm. 
M. Verschoor, Dir. Subsidy, $80. Variety tests of vegetables. 
Association for Establishing Experiment Stations, New Amsterdam. 

H. Rigterink, Sec. Subsidy, $200. Tests to determine the value 
of peat powder in breaking up land. 

Association "The Testing Garden," Boskoop. 

A. Koster, V.-Pres.; C. H. Claassen, Sec. Variety tests. 

Association for Establishing and Maintaining the Test Garden at Aalsmeer. 

J. Neomagus, Sec. Experiments in vegetable culture, including fer- 
tilizer tests. 

Limbnrg Experimental Garden, Maastricht. 

E. Snellen, Hort. Instr. Object, to establish demonstration gardens 
and to conduct experiments. 

Testing Garden Association "Westland," Naaldwijk. 

P. van Ruijven, Pres.; K. Kuijvenhoven, Sec; K. Wiersma, Dir. 
Experiments with fruits and vegetables. 

The Groningen Testing Garden, Groningen. 

J. B. Westerdijk, Pres.; J. v. Sijpkens, Sec; G. Reinders, Sec- 
Treas. Experiments with fruits and vegetables. 

Horticultural Experiment Field of the Groningen Agricultural and Industrial Society, 

Groningen. 

In charge of J. Leendertz, Leeuwarden. Subsidy, $400. Variety 
tests with fruits, vegetables, and flowers; fertilizer experiments. 

NEW ZEALAND. 

New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Wellington. 

T. Y. Duncan, Minis, of Agr.; J. D. Ritchie, Sec ofAgr. and Chief 
Lisp, of Stock. The experiment stations of the colony are under the 
immediate direction of the secretary of agriculture, who is assisted 
by the chiefs of the pathological division, the dairy division, and the 
divisions of horticulture, viticulture, and statistics. 

The Department of Agriculture, through its staff of scientists and 
inspectors, exercises general supervision over the agriculture of the 
island; conducts scientific investigations in chemistry, bacteriology, 
veterinary science, entomology, etc. ; and in addition to the work done 
at the different experiment stations conducts numerous experiments on 
leased farms in various parts of the island. These experiments include 
investigations with fertilizers, field crops, fruits, and vegetables, and 



214 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

experiments in dairying', animal production, and the repression of 
injurious animals and insects. Since 1893 the department has pub- 
lished annual reports, and more recently has begun printing bulletins 
and leaflets for the instruction of farmers. 

Poultry Station at Burnham Industrial School, near Christchurch. 

D. D. Hyde, Directing Poultry Expert^ Wellington. 

Colonial Botanic Garden, Christchurch." 

Ambrose Taylor, Head Gard. 

Colonial Botanic Garden, Dunedin." 

J. McBean, Supt. 

Colonial Botanic Garden, Invercargill." 

Thomas Waugh, Head Gard. 

Canterbury Agricultural College, Lincoln. 

Staff.— William Lowrie, D /•/'., Agr.; G.Gray, Chem.; C. O. Lillie, 
Natural Set.; J. R. Charlton, Vet. 

Equipment. — College buildings, farm of 710 acres, farm buildings, 
stock yards, implements, etc. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments, including methods of culture; 
tests of fertilizers, varieties of cereals, forage crops and roots; and 
chemical and biological investigations. 

Poultry Station, Milton, Otago. 

D. D. Hyde, Directing Poultry Expert, Wellington. 
Established in 1900. Fourteen poultry houses, incubator house, 
brooder house, 28 breeding pens, etc. 

Colonial Botanic Garden, Napier. « 

W. Barton, Supt. 

Waikato Experiment Station, Ruakura, Hamilton. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — E. Clifton, Supt., Auckland; M. Mulcalry, Resident 
Overseer; D. D. Hyde, Directing Poultry Expert^ Wellington; C. Cus- 
sen, Resident Poultry Expert. 

Origin. — Established in 190L 

Equipment. — Residences, poultry and dairy establishments, breeding 
animals, 900 acres of land. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



NEW ZEALAND. 215 

Income. — For 1902, $38,932 advanced by the State for the purchase 
of land and development of property. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in dairying, general agriculture, 
poultry raising. Pure-bred breeding animals imported by the Gov- 
ernment for public use are located at this station. 

Experiment Station, Waerenga. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — E. Clifton, Supt., Auckland; N. Kensington, Resi- 
dent Overseer; Sr. Bragato, Directing Fit.; J. Potter and James 
Andrews, Resident Vits.; Palmer and Boucher, Directing Hurts, and 
Pomologists ; T. H. Barrett, Resident Nurseryman . 

Origin. — In 1885 the land occupied by this station (1,800 acres) was 
set apart from the public lands to plant with acacia and eucalyptus 
trees to test the value of such lands for the production of tan bark and 
railway timber. In 1896 orchards and vineyards were established and 
trials of indigenous grasses were commenced. In 1901 an additional 
area of 1,200 acres was procured for the purpose of establishing a 
number of small fruit farms. 

Equipment. — Residences for members of the staff, grape-crushing 
and fermenting house, wine cellars, mill for preparing tan bark, and 
3,000 acres of land. 

Income. — The annual crop of tan bark is the only source of income. 
For 1902 the receipts from this source amounted to about $3,890. 

Lines of 'work. — Experiments and demonstrations in the production 
of tan bark from Acacia decurrens; experiments in utilizing lands, 
hitherto considered useless, for the production of orchard fruits, crops, 
and native grasses. 

Momohaki Experiment Station, near Waverly. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — F. Gillanders, Overseer; W. J. Palmer, Ntirseryman. 

Equipment. — A farm of 320 acres, containing an arboretum, nursery, 
and experimental plats, and supporting 25 horses, 56 cattle, 994 sheep, 
100 chickens, and 230 ducks. 

Lines of work. — Experiments are conducted with root crops, garden 
vegetables, cereals, grasses, hedge plants, fruits, and manures. Large 
quantities of nursery stock are distributed annually, meteorological 
observations are taken, and experiments in raising cattle, sheep, and 
poultr} 7 are conducted. 

Colonial Botanic Garden, ■Wellington." 

G. Gibb, Head Gard. 

"Set- Royal Gardens, Kew, \>. 161. 



216 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Station, "Weraroa. 

Governing I><>ar(1. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — G. Ross, Overseer. 

Origin. — This station was formerly the Levin State Farm, but in 
1900 it was reorganized and put in charge of the present overseer. 

Equipment. — Farm buildings, orchards, live stock, and about 800 
acres of land. 

Income. —Supported by the Department of Agriculture. During 
the fiscal year ended March 31, 1901, the total expenditures were 
$13,735. 

Lines of work. — The work of the past year has consisted mostly of 
clearing, fencing, and draining land, but some experiments with farm 
crops and cattle were conducted. Ultimately the station will be devoted 
largely to experiments in fruit growing and dairying. 

NORWAY. 

Department of Agriculture, Christiania. 

V. Dons, Sec. of Agr.; J. Smitt, Dir. ofAgr.; Dr. O. Malm, Dir. 
of Vet. Service; M. M. Selmer, Dir. of For. 

With one or two exceptions the experiment stations, control sta- 
tions, and laboratories of Norway are under the direct control of the 
secretary of agriculture or other officers of the Department of Agri- 
culture. The experiment station and chemical laboratory connected 
with the Agricultural High School at Aas arc under the control of the 
director of the high school. The director of the Veterinary Patholog- 
ical institute and Animal Vaccine Institute at Christiania is an officer 
of the department. All stations under the direction of the depart- 
ment receive subsidies from the Government, and the control stations 
also receive fees for all work of a private nature. 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School of Norway, Aas. 

Governing board. — The director of the Agricultural High School, 
who is responsible to the Department of Agriculture. 

station staff. — Prof. Bastian R. Larsen, Dir.; A. Honningstad, Asst. ; 
several assistants who superintend outlying temporary experiments. 
The director of the station is professor of agronomy in the Agricul- 
tural High School. 

Origin. -In L898 the Agricultural High School took up the experi- 
mental work begun in L899 by the Royal Society for the Welfare of 
Norway. 

Equipment. The station uses the botanical and other laboratories, 
the plant house, and the forcing house of the Agricultural High School, 



NORWAY. 217 

and has besides an experimental farm, which is provided with the ordi- 
nary farm buildings and implements. 

Income. — The budget of the station is included in that of the Agri- 
cultural High School. During the years 1900 and 1901 the annual 
budget for experimental purposes was $4,368. 

Lines of work. — Variety tests with barley, oats, and other cereals, 
and with grasses, clovers, lupines, root crops, and miscellaneous crops, 
and experiments with various systems of rotation. The results 
obtained at Aas are tested locally by experiments conducted by field 
managers on 150 private farms in different parts of Norway. The 
results of the work are published in the annual report of the Agricul- 
tural High School and in occasional contributions to the agricultural 
press. 

Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultural High School, Aas. 

Governing hoard. — The director of the Agricultural High School, 
who is responsible to the Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prof. John Sebelien, Dir.; two assistants and one 
helper. 

Origin. — In connection with the chemical work of the Agricultural 
High School, chemical investigations have been conducted for many 
years, but more especially since the reorganization of the school 
in 1897. 

Equipment. — Equipment for students, laboratory and lecture room 
for the director, two laboratories for assistants, physiological chemical 
laboratory, balance room, dark room, preparation room, etc., all 
equipped with modern apparatus, gas, water, electric lights, etc. 

Income. — An allowance of about $675 per annum (not including sal- 
aries amounting to about $2,000) from the budget of the Agricultural 
High School. 

Lines of work. — Chemical investigations on soils, commercial fer- 
tilizers, manures, root crops, feeding stuffs, milk, etc. 

Milk Control Station, Bergen. 

Station staff. — H. Lundgaard, Dir. The station has no officers 
besides the director. 

Origin. — Established in 1896. 

Equipment. — Laboratory provided with butyrometer and other 
apparatus. 

Income. — State subsidy of $676 and fees. The fee for testing a 
single sample of milk is 2.7 cents; for large numbers, half as much 
per sample. 

Lines of work. — Determination of fat content of samples of milk 
sent in by creameries and farmers. In 1899, 40,120 samples were 
tested. 



218 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Christiania. 

Governing board.- The director reports directly to the Department 

of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Sigmund Hals, Dir. and Chem.; Arne Kavli, H. 
Gregg, and Th. Melvar, Assts. Chem.; Olat'Il. Qvam, Bot. in charge 
of Seed Control. 

Origin. — Organized in 1891 ; began research work in 1892. Previous 
to that time, since 1863, the department of chemistry of the Agricul- 
tural High School at Aas had made analyses of agricultural products 
for private parties, for which purpose the Royal Society for the Wel- 
fare of Norway or the Government made small appropriations. This 
station, however, has no connection with the Agricultural High School 
at Aas. The seed control division was established in 1901. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory in a private dwelling. 

Income. Budget from State for 1901, including salaries, $6,592.80. 
Fees for analyses amount to about $500. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of feeding stutfs, dairy products, fertilizers, 
soils, water, seed, etc. ; original investigations on various forage crops 
and concentrated feeding stutfs, especially Norwegian grain, hay, and 
fish products; on the composition of the fat of dairy butters; analytical 
and harvested products; riel 1 experiments. The work of the station 
is published in the annual report of the Department of Agriculture 
and in agricultural papers. 

Milk Control Station, Christiania. 

Station staff. — H. Olsen, Dir. The station has two officers besides 
the director. 

Origin. — Established in 1891. 

Equipment. — Laboratory provided with apparatus for testing milk. 

Income. — State subsidy of $1,072 and fees. 

Lines of work. — Determination of fat in samples of milk sent in by 
creameries and farmers. In 1901, 11,817 samples were analyzed. 

Seed Control Station, Christiania. 

Station staff. — Miss C. Steen, Dir. 

Origin. — Established in 1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing. 

Income.— For 1S99, $128.80 (State, $291.80; fees, $131). 

Lines of 'work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. In l!S<><>, 231 samples 
were analyzed. 

Veterinary Pathological and Animal Vaccine Institute, Christiania. 

Governing hoard. — For the Veterinary Pathological Institute: The 
Department of Agriculture represented by the director-general of the 



NORWAY. 219 

Veterinary Service. For the Animal Vaccine Institute: The Medical 
Service of the Department of Police. 

Station staff. — Dr. O. Malm, Dir.; several assistants and helpers. 

Origin. — The laboratory was established in October, 1890; the vac- 
cine institute in 1892. The two institutions, although under different 
governing boards, are in the same building and under the same director. 

Equipment. — A centrally located building which contains a library; 
two offices; dwelling for the keeper; four laboratories; museum; two 
rooms for vaccine calves and for the production of lymph; one room 
for the slaughtering and post-mortem work; two rooms for infected 
animals; stable; cow shed; one room for healthy rabbits, guinea pigs, 
rats, and mice; pigeon house; courtyard for larger animals, and 
inclosures for smaller animals during the summer. 

Income. — For 1900, $4,260 (for the Veterinary Pathological Insti- 
tute, $2,640; for the Animal Vaccine Institute, $1,620). These funds 
are appropriated by the Government. 

• Lines of work. — The Veterinary Pathological Institute conducts 
experiments and investigations in veterinary science of a pathological 
and bacteriological nature; examines animals sent in by veterinary 
surgeons and farmers; produces tuberculin, which is distributed gratis 
to veterinary surgeons, except when used for testing animals imported 
to quarantine stations, and conducts once a year courses in bacteri- 
ology, histology, and milk control for veterinary surgeons who have 
received fellowships from the Department of Agriculture. 

The Animal Vaccine Institute produces and furnishes gratis to phy- 
sicians and authorized vaccinators all the vaccine that is used in Nor- 
way. Between 60,000 and 90,000 samples of vaccine are distributed 
annually. 

Seed Control Station, Hamar. 

Governing hoard. — The officers of the " Hedemarkens Agricultural 
Society, Selskab." 

Station staff. — John Rud, Dir. 

Origin. —Established in 1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing; two rented 
rooms. 

Income. — Annual subsidy from the " Hedemarkens Agricultural 
Society," $134 and fees. 

Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Entomological Laboratory, Nordstrand, near Christiania. 

Staff.— Wilhelm M. Sch0yen,. Govt. Ent. 

At the State Entomological Laboratory the entomologist investi- 
gates spraying apparatus and materials, studies injurious insects and 



220 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

fungus and bacterial diseases of plants, and disseminates information 
regarding means for suppressing these pests and diseases, in 1.901 
271 investigations were carried out. The entomologist's duties as 
State inspector take him to all parts of the country. 

Milk Control Station, Trondhjem. 

Station staff. — Th. Soelberg, Dir. The station has no officers 
besides the director. 

Origin. — Established in 1894. 

Equipment. — Laboratory provided with butyrometer and other 
apparatus for testing milk. 

Income. — State subsidy of $676 and fees. The fee for testing a 
single sample of milk is 2.7 cents; for large numbers, half as much 
per sample. 

Lines of work. — Determination of fat in samples of milk sent in by 
creameries and farmers. In 1901, 54,436 samples were tested. 

Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Trondhjem. 

Governing hoard. — Under direct control of the Department of 
Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Dr. E. Solberg, Dir.; E. Juel Michelet, Asst.; one 
helper. 

Origin. — The buildings were constructed in 1898, and experimental 
work was begun January 2, 1899. 

Kt/uipment. — Laboratory costing $3,500 and library containing 316 
volumes. 

Income. — State subsidy and fees. 

Lines of work. — Field experiments; analysis and control of ferti- 
lizers, feeding stuffs, soils, milk and dairy products, etc. In 1901, 873 
samples were anatyzed. 

Seed Control Station, Trondhjem. 

Station staff. — K. Scb.0yen, Dir. 
Origin. — Established in 1886. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing. 
Income. — Small subsidy from Trondhjem County and fees. 
Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

PARAGUAY. 

School of Agriculture and Model Farm, Asuncion. 

Staff. — Moises S. Bortoni, Dir. 

Lines of work. Analysis and study of natural and manufactured 
products of the country; meteorological observations for the purpose 



PORTUGAL. 221 

of studying the effect of climate on vegetation; experimental study of 
the elements concerned in the development of cultivated plants; study 
of varieties, composition, productiveness, acclimatization, etc., of culti- 
vated plants. 

PORTUGAL. 

Agricultural Laboratory, Coimbra. 
Staff. — Baptista Ramires, Chem.; Fereira, Asst. 
Agricultural Laboratory, Evora. 
Dr. Sonsa Coelho, Chem. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Lisbon. 

Governing board. — Under control of the Agricultural and Veterinary 
Institute (Alv. Pereira, Dir.), with which it is connected. 

Station staff. — Ramiro Larcher Marcal, Dir. andAgr.; Gabr. Osorio 
de Barros, jr., V.-Dlr.; Dr. Otto Klein, Chem.; Dr. A. Wellmann, 
Chem.; A. Cardoso Pereira, Bad.; Jose Verrissimo de Almeida, Veg. 
Path.; several assistants. 

Origin. — The Agricultural and Veterinary Institute was organized 
in 1852 under the name of the Agricultural Institute of Lisbon. It 
has since been reorganized four times, namely, in 1864, 1886, 1891, 
and 1897, but still occupies the buildings first erected for its use. 

Jiquipment. — The buildings of the institute used for research work 
are the main building and a chemical building. In the main building 
there are offices and laboratories for the work in vegetable pathology, 
fermentation, and dairying. In the chemical building are several 
chemical laboratories, a bacteriological laboratory, a balance room, 
workrooms, etc. There is also an experimental field in connection 
with the institute. 

Lines of work. — The work of this station is not very clearly defined. 
The staff of the Agricultural and Veterinary Institute, in addition to 
giving instruction to students, conduct some investigations in agricul- 
tural chemistry and vegetable pathology, study diseases of animals, 
prepare vaccine, investigate problems in the fermentation of wine, and 
conduct some field experiments. 

Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology, Lisbon. 

This laboratory is maintained in connection with the Bureau of 
Agriculture, which is a division of the Ministiy of Public Works, 
Commerce, and Industry. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Mirandella. 

This station is maintained for the purpose of encouraging agriculture 
in the Province of Tras os Montes. 



222 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Oporto. 

Station staff. — Dr. Antonio Magalhaes, Dir.; Carl Bi'ittner, Avelino 
dc Magalhaes, and Adolfo Sonsa ReLs, Assts. 

REUNION. 

Agronomic Station, Providence. 

Station staff. , Dir.; Leon Chatel, Agron.j Eug. Sey- 
mour, Agr. Client.; Edniond Bordage, Ent., Vet. Path. 

Lints of work. — Cultural and fertilizer experiments and variety tests 
with tobacco, sugar cane, and other tropical agricultural products; 
chemical examination of fertilizers and agricultural products; study 
of noxious insects and diseases of plants. 

Botanic Garden, St. Denis. « 

Leon Chatel, Dir. 

RHODESIA. 

Department of Agriculture, Salisbury. 

This department was until recently a division of the surveyor-gen- 
eral's department, but is now an independent organization with the 
following staff: E. Ross Townsend, Sec; agriculturist, register of 
brands, staff of clerks, and the veterinary service, which includes u 
chief veterinary surgeon and five assistant surgeons. 

Lines of work. — The department cooperates with farmers in experi- 
ments with cotton and tobacco, maintains a free veterinary service, 
and publishes bulletins for distribution among the farmers. It also 
supervises demonstration experiments with cereals, legumes, forest 
trees, and in irrigation. 

Experiment Station, Salisbury. 

The government of Rhodesia has established an experiment station 
about 2 miles from Salisbury. The work at present will be con- 
ducted by the staff of the agricultural department, under the direction 
of E. Ross Townsend, secretary. In 1903 about 100 acres were planted 
to grains, corn, Kafir corn, sorghum, cotton, tobacco, hemp, flax, cow- 
peas, and other leguminous plants. Special attention will be given to 
the breeding of disease-resistant plants, and work will also be carried 
on in the study of animal diseases. The work of the station will be 
supplemented by cooperative experiments with the farmers of the 
country. 

"See Colonial Garden, Nogent-sur-Marne, p. 111. 



ROUMANIA RUSSIA. 223 

EOUMANIA. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Bukharest. 

Cornelius Roman, Dir.; J. Ene.scu, Chief Seed D in. 
Established in 1887. 

Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture, 

Bukharest. 

Dr. Maximilian Popovici, Dir. 

Zootechnical Institute, Bukharest. 

A. J. Locusteanu, Dir. 

Experiment Field for Forage Plants and Irrigation Experiments, Constante. 

C. Roman, Dir. 

RUSSIA. 

Ministry of Agriculture and Domains, St. Petersburg. 

A. S. Yermolov, Minis, of Agr. and Domains; A. C. Steven, Asst. 
Minis.; S. H. Lenin, Dir. Dept. of Agr.; Th. P. Nikitine, Dir. Dept. 
of For.; N. A. Jossa, Dir. Dept. of Mines; I. I. Tihheiev, Dir. Dept. 
of Domains; L. K. Lebedev, Chancellor; D. A. Timiryazev, Dir. 
Div. of Agr. Econ. and Statistics; and J. J. Yilinski, Dir. Div. of 
Lan d Improvemen ts. 

The Ministry of Agriculture and Domains as at present constituted 
was organized in 1894. It comprises departments of agriculture, 
forests, mines, and domains, and divisions of agricultural economy 
and statistics, and of land improvements. In 1901 there was estab- 
lished a system of commissioners of agriculture to preside over the 
agricultural affairs in their respective provinces or governments, and 
to seek to promote and improve the agricultural conditions in general. 
Beginning with 1903, these officers were styled "inspectors of agri- 
culture," and attached to the offices of agriculture and domains, newly 
reorganized by the law of June 12, 1902. The inspectors of agricul- 
ture have charge of all public measures relating to agriculture and 
rural affairs, and exercise supervision over all local agricultural insti- 
tutions maintained by the Government. They inquire into the agri- 
cultural needs of their respective governments, recommend govern- 
ment aid for such local or private enterprises as merit special encour- 
agement, and are charged with the administration of the system of 
government loans on agricultural improvements and bounties for the 
encouragement of farm industries. They are expected to take an active 
part in provincial and municipal agricultural meetings, and to main- 
tain close relations with all societies and conventions of farmers. 



224 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Connected with the inspectors' offices are corps of agricultural spe- 
cialists and instructors who are assigned to the work by the depart- 
ment of agriculture. They go out among the landowners and peasants 
for the purpose of collecting data regarding the actual condition of 
various branches of agriculture, to diffuse general information on agri- 
cultural topics, and endeavor to improve the methods and practices in 
vogue. At the request of farmers they visit farms to give expert 
advice on questions of management, and they take active measures for 
the repression of insects, injurious animals, and plant diseases. The 
department of agriculture cooperates with these various agencies by 
the issue of manuals and other publications, and the inspectors recom- 
mend to the department such measures for the improvement of agri- 
cultural conditions in their respective governments as seem to them 
desirable. The estimated income of the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains for 1902 was $47,742,700. 

Experiment stations in Russia have been established by private 
persons, by societies, by provincial or district governments (zemstvos), 
and by the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. Many of them are 
merely demonstration fields established for the purpose of instructing 
the peasants, or of introducing new agricultural industries; others have 
been established as centers for the production and distribution of 
improved varieties of seeds and plants, and some are conducted as 
institutions for research. These stations are investigating a wide range 
of subjects, among which may be mentioned questions relating to the 
production of tobacco, beet sugar, wine, silk, cotton, olives, tea, and 
other products. They are also conducting investigations in chemistry, 
bacteriology, botany, dairying, agronomy, irrigation, and forestry. 

Agricultural Chemical and Seed Control Station, Abo, Finland. 

Governing hoard. — Imperial Finnish Economic Society. 
Station staff. — Dr. Ernst Lothner, Dir. 

Income. — The station is supported by the State and the city of Abo. 
Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural supplies and products and 
seed testing. 

Aseyev Experiment Field, Alexeyevka, Zmiev District. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899. 

Income. — Maintained by the district zemstvo and the State, the latter 
granting $772.50 per annum. 

Andizhan Experiment Field, Andizhan, Fergana Region, Turkestan. 

Origin. — Founded by the Imperial Government in 1900. 
Staff. — Dynin, Dir. 

Income. — One thousand five hundred and forty-five dollars per 
annum. 



eussia. 225 

Dairy Station, Barnaul, Siberia. 

Belakchev, Dir. 

Murom Experiment Field, Bielgorod, Govt. Kursk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900. 

Income. — Maintained at the expense of the district zenistvo, the 
Bielgorod Agricultural Society and the State, the latter appropriating 
$154.50 annually. 

Experiment Field of the Kharkov Society for Agriculture and Agricul- 
tural Industries, Bielgorod, Govt. Kursk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1886 on the Novotavolzhanka estate. 
Lines of work. — Variety tests and fertilizer experiments with sugar 
beets and the elaboration of methods of seed selection. 

Experiment Field, Bodrowiz, Govt. Kiev. 

Staff. — K. J. Dennissenko, Dir. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, near Bogodukhov, Govt. Kharkov. 

Origin. — Founded by P. I. Kharitonenko on the Parkhomov estate. 

Staff. — J. Schukov, Dir. 

Equipment.- — Chemical and "selection" laboratories, experiment 
field, experiment plats in various parts of the estate, and a meteoro- 
logical station. 

Income. — The station is maintained at the expense of the founder, 
who allows $3,090 annually for its support. 

Lines of woi'k. — Manurial experiments with sugar beets, variety 
tests, selection experiments with sugar beets to obtain seeds for the 
beet fields on the estate of the founder, investigation of the soils of 
the estate, study of diseases of the sugar beet. The station has made 
important investigations of the diseases which cause the roots of sugar 
beets to shrivel. 

Experiment Field, Bogoroslon, Govt. Samara. 

Staff. — Teitel, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the district zemstvo. 

Lncome. — An annual subsidy of $772.50 from the Imperial Govern- 
ment. 

Lines of work. — Elaboration of rational methods of cultivation, fer- 
tilizer experiments, and the study of measures which may lead to 
decreasing the injurious effects of droughts. 
5368— No. 112—04- 15 



226 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Field of the Chistopol Agricultural Society, Chistopol, Govt. 

Kasan. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900. 

Income. -Maintained by the Chistopol Agricultural Society, with 
the aid of a Government subsidy of $515 per annum. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Chojnowo, Govt. Plotzk, Poland. 

Governing hoard. — A council of five members. 

Stat it m staff. — Dr. Ignacy Kosinski. 

Origin. — Organized in 1899 by an association of thirty-six land- 
holders. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and field of 55 acres for experiments. 

Income. — About $1,600. 

Lines of work. — Soil studies, including analyses and vegetation 
experiments; examination of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; 
field experiments, and seed production. 

Experiment Field, Chuchloma, Govt. Kostroma. 
Truchanovski, Dir. 

Uyutnoe Experiment Field, Dmitriev, Govt. Kursk. 

Staff. — T. P. Wangenheim, Dir.; S. P. Gridin, A. T. Wangenheim, 
and R. G. Salenski, Assts. During the summer students of the sec- 
ondary agricultural schools are admitted for practice. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by T. P. Wangenheim, cooperating with 
the provincial and district zemstvos. 

Income. — Subsidies from the district and government zemstvos and 
the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains amounting to $1,133. The 
proprietor provides the equipment, seeds, and land free of charge. 

Lines of work. — Cultural experiments and variety tests with flax 
and with new plants. 

Engelhardt Experiment Station, near Dorogobush, Govt. Smolensk. 

Governing board. — Prince V. Uroussov (Pres.); N. Khomiakov. A. 
Touhochevski, A. Nesterov, V. Loveiko, S. Ionov. 

Station staff. — H. Diakonov, Dir.; Otriganiev, Dobrinine, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 on the Batishchevo estate, formerly 
owned by the well-known agricultural scientist, A. N. Engelhardt. 

Income. — An annual grant of $3,244.50 from the Government. 

Lines of work. — Investigations to determine the best methods of 
improving the culture of field crops, experiments in crop rotations, 
and investigations with commercial fertilizers. 



Russia. 227 

Chemical Control Station of the Imperial Livonian Economic Society, 
Dorpat (Yuryev), Govi. Livonia. 

Statist, staff. — K. Sponholz, Dir.; F. Klemann, T. Barth, Assts.; 
F. Kulbach, Gard. 

Origin. — Founded by the Imperial Livonian Economic Society. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment garden. 

Income. — An annual grant of $1,854 from the Imperial Livonian 
Economic Society, and analyses amounting to about $515 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fodders, and agricultural prod- 
ucts; fertilizer experiments, and dissemination of information by 
lectures and articles published in agricultural journals. 

Bacteriological Station of the Veterinary Institute of Yuryev, Dorpat 
(Yuryev), Govt. Iiivonia. 

Station staff. — Prof. Karl Happich, Dir. 

Income. — An annual appropriation of $1,545 from the Ministry of 
Agriculture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Bacteriological investigations with special reference 
to milk and dairy products. These include investigations of milk, but- 
ter, and cheese that are abnormal in color, taste, smell, consistency, 
etc. ; investigations of the tubercle bacillus in milk and dairy products, 
and of water for use in the dairy industry; production and distribu- 
tion of bacteria that are useful in dairying, especially of pure cultures 
for cream ripening; dissemination of information by means of lectures 
and published articles. 

Experiment Field, Eupatoria, Crimea. 
Verkhosunye Experiment Field, Glatzov, Govt. Viatka. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Viatka Provincial Zemstvo. 

Income. — $3,090 (provincial zemstvo, $2,317.50; Ministiy of Agri- 
culture and Domains, $772.50). 

Linen of work. — Fertilizer experiments, especially with phosphates 
and bone ash; cultural experiments, and the sale of improved seeds 
and agricultural implements. 

Golodnaya Steppe Experiment Field, Golodnaya Steppe, Samarkand, 
Turkestan (Central Asia Railroad). 

Origin. — Founded by the Imperial Government in 1901. 
Staff. — Greber, Dir. 

Income. — One thousand five hundred and forty -live dollars per 
annum. 



228 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Flax Culture Station, Gorodishe, Govt. Kostroma. 

Station staff. — G. Kornev, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894. 

Income. — Appropriations from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains, amounting to about $1,484, and grants from the Kostroma 
Provincial Zemstvo. 

Lin, s of work. — Experiments in flax retting; the introduction among 
the people of rational methods of preparing flax fiber; instruction in 
flax culture; and fertilizer experiments. 

Experiment Field, Graivoron, Govt. Kursk. 
Agricultural and Commercial Chemical Laboratory, Helsingfors, Finland. 

Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Domains. 

Origin. — Founded in 1880. 

Income — Animal subsidies from the Imperial Finnish Agricultural 
Society and from the Helsingfors Municipal Zemstvo. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, fodders, oils, etc., and seed 
testing. 
Experiment Field of the Jeletz Agricultural Society, Jeletz, Govt. Orel. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898. 

Staff. — Koretneu, Dir. 

Income. — An annual subsidy of $515 from the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments, the study of fodder plants 
suitable to the region, and experiments in soil cultivation. 

Experiment Field, Kahanovskaya, Govt. Terek, Caucasus. 

Staff.- J. A. Avilov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Income. — Annual grant of $1,545 from the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Measures are being tried to improve the condition 
of agriculture, which is very low in that region. Special attention is 
given to the cultivation of early vegetable crops, such as tomatoes, 
cabbage, beans, eggplants, etc., for shipment to St. Petersburg and 
Moscow markets. 

Dairy Station, Kainsk, Siberia. 

Stempel, Dir. 

Experiment Cotton Fields, Karayazi, Govt. Tiflis, Caucasus. 

Staff.— -N. P. Taratinov, Gen. Dir. of Cotton Fields] W. A. Dmit- 
rievski, Swpt. of the Karayazi field; Th. I. Bajoolov, Asst. 



Russia. 229 

Origin. — Founded in 1802 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. 
In addition to the experiment cotton field at Karayazi, there are four 
demonstration cotton fields located in different provinces, all of which 
are under the general direction of N. P. Taratinov. 

Equipment. — About 675 acres of land, with barns, dwellings, etc., 
meteorological station, nursery, and stock farm for mules and sheep. 

Income. — Annual grants from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains, amounting to $6,000 or $7,000. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in cultivating cotton, demonstration 
of rational methods of culture, and experiments with various field and 
orchard plants, with and without irrigation, for the purpose of accli- 
matizing and introducing them into eastern Trans-Caucasia. Seeds of 
cotton and other plants are distributed among farmers. 

Bacteriological Station of the Kasan Veterinary Institute, Kasan, Govt. 

Kasan. 

Station staff. — Professor Lange, Dir.; Dmitriev, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 with financial aid from the Ministry of 
Imperial Domains. 

Income. — Annual grants of $1,515 from the Minister of Agriculture 
and Domains. 

Lines of work.- — Assistance to farmers in combating contagious dis- 
eases, including inoculation for the prevention of anthrax, diagnosis 
of rabies, and the application of mallein and tuberculin; pure cul- 
tures of mouse typhus for the destruction of mice and field voles are 
distributed free. 

Kashin Flax Culture Station, Kashin, Govt. Tver. 

Station staff. — Mashine, Dir. 
Origin. — Founded in 1899. 

Income. — $1,193.50 from the Government and the district zemstvo. 
Lines of work. — Experiments in growing and retting flax for the 
purpose of introducing rational methods among the flax growers. 

Experiment Field, Khabarovsk, Govt. Maritime, Siberia. 

Governing hoard. — The chief and the agronomist of the Department 
of Domains in the Amour Province, and the director of the experi- 
ment field. 

Staff. — Gagin, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Equipment. — A small building for the director and laborers, con- 
taining simple apparatus for analytical work and meteorological 
observations; experiment field and the necessary farm implements. 

Income. — An annual grant of $1,287.50 from the Government. 



230 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Acclimatization of the best varieties of cultivated 
plants, production of seeds to be distributed among the farmers, and 
the development of a system of soil cultivation adapted to the region. 

Bacteriological Station of Kharkov Veterinary Institute, Kharkov, Govt. 

Kharkov. 

Station staff. — Professor Raievski, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1888 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. 

Income. — A government subsidy of about $2,575 per annum. 

Lines of work. — During the first few years of its activity the labora- 
tory experimented in preventive inoculation for anthrax, and in 1893 
it began to prepare and distribute mallein for the diagnosis of glanders 
in horses and to test vaccine for anthrax prepared by Tsenkovski and 
Pasteur. Experiments were made to determine the microbe which 
causes cattle plague. At the present time the station is engaged in 
the investigation of epidemic diseases and methods of combating thorn 
and in the distribution of serums for the different contagious diseases 
of animals. 

Experiment Field, Kherson, Govt. Kherson. 

Origin.— Founded in 1890 by the Kherson Provincial Zemstvo. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, greenhouse with portable tables for experi- 
ments in plant physiology, and an experimental vineyard. 

Income. The field receives annually $1,287.50 from the State. 

Lines of work. — Elaboration of rational methods of farming as 
applied to local conditions of soil and climate and the dissemination of 
information on the results obtained; experiments with barnyard 
manure, green manure, and mineral fertilizers and with various 
methods of fallowing; experiments in combating fungus diseases of 
cereals. In the laboratory, hothouse, and fields extensive experi- 
ments are conducted to determine the amount of water evaporated by 
spring wheat during its growth. 

Seed Control Station and Agricultural Laboratory of the South Russian 
Society for Promoting- Agriculture and Rural Industries, Kiev, Govt. Kiev. 

Staff. — J. Bardsilevski, Dir. 

Origin. -Founded in 1897. 

Income. — An annual subsidy of $772.50 from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains. 

Lines ofioork. — Seed testing, and the analysis of agricultural prod- 
ucts and supplies. 

Technical Laboratory of the Kiev Section of the Russian Technical Society, 

Kiev, Govt. Kiev. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and agricultural products. 



RUSSIA. 281 

Experiment Station of the Bessarabian School of Wine Making - , Kishenev, 

Govt. Bessarabia. 

Governing hoard. — A station council composed of the director and 
the heads of departments. 

Station staff. — N. G. Kotelnikov, Dir.; M. F. Cherbakov, Wine 
Maker; Th. Th. Keppen, Vine Dresser; M. M. Pautinski, Helper. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Equipment. — Experimental vineyard, comprising about 32 acres, and 
technical laboratory containing four large rooms, with all necessary 
apparatus; a yeast laboratory occupying two well-equipped rooms; a 
meteorological station, and a wine cellar with a capacity of 16,200 
gallons. 

Income. — An annual grant of $2,523.50 from the Government. 

Lines of work. — The study of soils, of European and American vines 
to ascertain those best adapted to the region, and of various methods 
of making and keeping wine; study and analysis of local wines; analy- 
sis of soils, fertilizers, and materials used in vine dressing and wine 
making; experiments in various methods of culture in heeling and 
fertilizing_grapevines, and in fermenting with pure-yeast cultures. 

Experiment Field, Klin, Govt. Moscow. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898 on the Krasni Kholm estate. 
Income. — Maintained by the district zemstvo and the Department of 
Agriculture, the latter contributing $772.50 per annum. 
Lines of work. — Field culture experiments. 

Andreyev Experiment Field, Kobyliaki, Govt. Poltava. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899. 

Income. — Maintained by the district zemstvo with the aid of a State 
grant of $386 per annum. 

Experiment Field, Kologriv, Govt. Kostroma. 

Experiment Field, Korotcha, Govt. Kursk. 

Koslov Experiment Field, Koslov, Govt. Tambov. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900. 

Staff. — Chomski, Dir. 

Income. — Maintained by the Koslov Agricultural Society with the 
aid of an annual subsidy of $772.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Domains. 

Dairy Station, Kurgau, Siberia. 

Fhenkel, Dir. 



232 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Cotton Field, Kuta'is, Govt. Kuta'is, Caucasus. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Staff. — 8. Timotheev, Dir. 

Income. — Annual grants of from $2,060 to $2,575. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in cultivation of cotton and other tex- 
tile plants; instruction to the people in rational methods of culture; 
experiments in the cultivation of corn and other cereals, alfalfa and 
other forage plants, peanuts, beets, olives, tea, etc., and the free dis- 
tribution of seeds. 

Kutno Agricultural Experiment Station, Kutno, Govt. "Warsaw. 

Origin. — Founded in 1900. 
Staff. — Lt. Lesnevski, Dir. 

Income. — Maintained by local landowners with the aid of an annual 
grant of $386 from the State. 

Askhabad Experiment Cotton Field, Kyoshi, Trans-Caspian Region. 

Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Staff. — Baschmakov, Dir. 

Income. — Government grant of $1,545 .per annum. 

Lines of work. — Demonstration of rational cotton culture; study of 
the influence of irrigation on } T ield of cotton; experiments in the rota- 
tion of other crops with cotton; variety tests; acclimatization and cul- 
tivation of different varieties of wheat, corn, sorghum, peas, and other 
crops. 

Station for Seed Selection and Experiment Field of the Pliskovo Beet- 
Sugar Factory, Lipovetz, Govt. Kiev. 

Origin. — Founded b}' V. S. Tishkevich. 
Staff— S. Frankfurt, Dir. 

lines of tuork. — Experiments to increase the yield of beets and their 
sugar content. 

Experiment Tobacco Plantation, Lokhvitza, Govt. Poltava. 

Staff. — P. M. Lomonosov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the Lokhvitza Society of Agricultur- 
ists, which maintains the plantation with the help of an annual grant 
of $257.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Income. — An annual grant of $257.50 from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Study of methods of cultivation which give most 
satisfactory results in the production of Makhorka tobacco, a variety 



Russia. 233 

of great importance in that region. This study embraces such ques- 
tions as the distance of planting, the number of leaves to be left on 
the stem, the selection of varieties, the comparison of results when 
transplanted and when sowed in the row, and the influence of fertilizers. 

Experiment Field for Oil Bearing- Plants, Lokhvitza, Govt. Poltava. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Lokhvitza Society of Agricultur- 
ists with financial aid from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Income. — A grant of $515 per annum from the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the cultivation of oil-bearing plants 
and other economic plants, such as flax, hemp, poppy, sunflower, and 
garden cress. 

Zapolye Experiment Station, Luga, Govt. St. Petersburg. 

Governmg board. — Prof. S. P. von Glasenap, representing the Min- 
istry of Agriculture and Domains, and a council of ten local landowners 
and representatives of the zemstvo. 

Station staff. — J. J. Sokhotzki, Dir.; one assistant. 

Origin. — Established in 1889 by N. A. von Bilderling on his Zapolye 
estate, with the cooperation of the Imperial Free Economic Society; 
reorganized in 1895 and placed under the control of the department of 
agriculture. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, library, 
and a small museum. 

Income. — For 1901, an annual grant of $2,935.50 from the Govern- 
ment. 

Lines of work. — Cultural experiments with different varieties of 
rye, barley, oats, and potatoes, to ascertain those most suitable for 
the north of Russia; fertilizer experiments, especially with phosphates; 
the improvement of meadows; cultural experiments with fruit trees 
and berries; testing and distributing farm implements; distribution 
of valuable seeds; destruction of injurious insects; and meteorological 
observations. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Medtzi, Govt. Volhynia. 

Origin. — Founded by Count I. A. Pototzki on the Antonine estate. 

Equipment. — "Selection" laboratory, meteorological station, and 
experiment field. 

Income. — The station is maintained at the expense of Count Pototzki. 

Lines of work. — Selection experiments with sugar beets, variety 
tests with cereals, fertilizer and cultural experiments with sugar beets. 
The station also conducts a demonstration field for the benefit of the 
peasants in the neighborhood. 



234 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Station of the Courland Agricultural Society, Mitau, Govt. 

Courland. 

Governing board. — President of the Courland Agricultural Society 
and the director of the station. 

Stut !<>n staff. — M. von Blaeze, Dir.; one assistant and the field 
foreman. 

Equipment. — A laboratory at Mitau and experiment field at Tetel- 
nii'inde, near Mitau. 

Lines of work. — Field culture experiments; vegetation experiments; 
practical investigations for farmers; control of fertilizers, feeding 
stuffs, and seeds. 

Experiment Field, Morshansk, Govt. Tambov. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the district zemstvo. 
Lines of work. — 'resting- and demonstrating improved methods of 
culture, and the production of improved seed. 

Bacteriological Agricultural Station, Moscow, Govt. Moscow. 

Governing hoard. — One trustee; one representative of the Imperial 
Russian Society for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants; the 
director, and ten other members. 

Station staff. — S. A. Severin, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the Imperial Russian Society for the 
Acclimatization of Animals and Plants, with funds provided by 
W. K. Ferrein, an honorary member of the society. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped bacteriological laboratory. 

Income. — An annual grant of $1,390.50 from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of theoretical and practical ques- 
tions in agricultural bacteriology. Some of the questions which have 
received attention at the station are the decomposition of nitrates 
by bacteria, role of bacteria, in the decomposition of horse manure, 
the making of butter from cream ripened by means of pure cultures 
of lactic-acid bacteria, and the study of the silkworm disease known 
as flacherie. 

Experiment Field of the Moscow Agricultural Institute, Moscow, Govt. 

Moscow. 

Staff.— R. W. Williams, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 on the lVtrovsko-Razumovskoe estate 
near the institute. 

Incomt . —An annual grant of $618 per annum from the Ministry of 
Agriculture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Extensive experiments in the cultivation of buck- 
wheat. 



Russia. 235 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Mustiala, Finland. 
Prof. A. Rindell, Dir. 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural and Dairy Institute, Mustiala, 

Finland. 

Station staff. — K. Enchell, M. A.. Dir., Agr.; K. Ruhanen, M. A., 
Agr. Ohem.; G. A. Bredenberg, M. A., Dairying; Leon Stenback, 
Fori st( r. 

Origin. — Founded in 1881. 

Equipment. — Accommodations are provided for three divisions — 
agricultural chemistry, dairying, and forestry. 

Lines of work. — "Fertilizer experiments, investigations of milk, test- 
ing new dairy appliances, experiments in cattle feeding, investigations 
in the use of tuberculin for purposes of diagnosis, and acclimatization 
of forest trees. 

Experiment Field of the Kharkov Agricultural Society, Nikolaevsko- 
Uljanovsko, Govt. Kharkov. 

Viatka Flax Culture Station, Nolinsk, Viatka. 

Origin. — Founded in 1892 by the district zemstvo. 
Lines of work. — Cultural field exper ments, and the production of 
improved seed for distribution among farmers. 

Experiment Farm of the Novo-Alexandrian Institute of Agriculture and 
Forestry, Novo-Alexandria, Govt. Lublin. 

Governing board. — Tins farm is under the control of the Ministry 
of Public Instruction. 

Staff.— Prof. P. V. Budrin, Dir.; M. P. Solonenko. Asst.; I. V. 
Belgowski, Mel/per. 

Origin. — Founded in 1869. 

Equipment. — There is an experiment farm of 217 acres, a vegetation 
house with 50 vegetation pots, 200 cylinders, and a small laboratory, 
and a dairy of 30 to 10 Swiss cows. 

Income. — A government grant of $1,030 per annum in addition to 
the receipts from the farm and dairy. 

Lines of work. — A variety of field experiments, including tests of 
fertilizers and varieties of field crops; pot and cylinder experiments, 
with different soils and fertilizers; dairy investigations. 
Experiment Field, Novocherkassk, Govt. Don. 

Staff. — Kolesnikov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 bj T the Don Agricultural Society. 

Income. — A government subsidy of $927 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Elaboration of technical methods of cultivation 
suited to the requirements of the region, fertilizer experiments, and 
the production of improved seeds for the farmers. 



236 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Farm, Novo-Oshan, Rostock District, Govt. Jaroslav. 

Staff.— M. A. Oshannin, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 by M. A. Oshannin with financial aid 
from the Ministry of Imperial Domains. 

Income. — A government grant of $15-1.50 per annum. 

Li ins of work. — Experiments to determine the best cheap method of 
cultivating, drying, and preserving garden vegetables; cultivation of 
medicinal and scent plants; distillation of essential oils, and demon- 
strations for the instruction of the people. 

Shatilov Agricultural Experiment Station, near Novosil, Govt. Tula. 

Governing board. — S. Shatilov, Pres.j V. Navrotzki, S. Terehov, 
R. Loukianov. 

Station staff.— W. von Wiener, Dir.; F. Fokin, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains, with the cooperation of Novosil zemstvo on an estate of 
about 150 acres donated by I. O. Shatilov. 

Equipment. — Experiment farm of 150 acres, laboratory, and meteor- 
ological station. 

Income. — An annual grant of- $3,527.75 from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations and field experiments 
relating to questions of local agriculture, with special attention to the 
chernozem (black earth) soils. In addition there is considerable dem- 
onstration work of a purely practical nature. 

Experiment Field, Odessa, Govt. Kherson. 

Staff.— V. G. Rotmistrov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891: by the Imperial Agricultural Societj 7 of 
Southern Russia. 

Equipment. — Experiment field of over 200 acres, vine^^ard, chemical 
laboratory, and a meteorological station. 

Income. — Maintained by the Imperial Agricultural Society of South- 
ern Russia with financial aid as follows: Kherson Provincial Zemstvo, 
$1,030; Odessa District Zemstvo, $309; Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains, $1,236. 

Lines of work. — Practical study of the agricultural problems of 
Southern Russia, and experiments to determine the period of time 
during which fertilizers continue to be active. 

Experiment Field, Omsk, Govt. Akmolinsk, Siberia. 

Staff.— V. Ph. Korolev, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Miniscry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 



Russia. 237 

Incorru . — An annual grant of $618 from the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Introduction of winter cereals which are not pro- 
duced to any extent in this region, fertilizer experiments, study of 
local forage grasses, experiments in gardening, and the testing of 
agricultural machines and implements. 

Dairy Station, Omsk, Siberia. 
Liring, Dir. 

Experiment Field, Orlov, Govt. Viatka. 

Origin. — Founded in 1893-1895 by the district zemstvo, with finan- 
cial aid from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Income. — A government subsidy of $309 per annum. 

Lines of work. — The production of improved seeds on a large .scale, 
and familiarizing farmers with improved methods of cultivation. 

Experiment Field, Ostrogoisk, Govt. Voronesh. 
Ozurgeti Experimental Tobacco Plantation, Ozurgeti, Govt. Kutais. 

Origin. — Founded by the Imperial Government in 1899. 
Staff.— Eph. Chubkov, Dir. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Ploti, Govt. Podolia. 

Governing hoard. — The founder, Prince Paul Trubetzkoi, and sev- 
eral professors of the University of Odessa. 

Station staff. — Professor Bichichin, Dir.; B. Velbel, Cheni.; A. 
Karabetov, Mgr. Expt. Field; A. Yunge, Enol.; M. Svolinski, Met. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 by Prince Paul Trubetzkoi on his estate. 

Equipment. — Meteorological station, chemical laboratory, vegeta- 
tion house, extensive experiment fields, a vineyard, and a wine-making 
establishment with a cellar. 

Income. — The station is maintained at the expense of the founder, 
with annual grants of $1,287.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. The total expenditures for 1900 were $3,238.21. 

Lines ofvjorlc. — The chief object of the station is the study of the 
properties of chernozem soils (black earth) by means of analyses and 
cultural experiments. Other lines of work include the analysis of 
fertilizers, wines, etc.; experiments in fermenting red wine b}^ various 
methods; the use of pure cultures in wine making; experiments to 
determine the conditions under which mealy grains of barley are 
changed to flinty grains. Special attention is being given to studies 
of nitrogen in soils, rain water, and drainage water. 

Experiment Field, Poltava, Govt. Poltava. 

Governing hoard. — Poltava Agricultural Society. 
Staff. — Ju. Sokolovski, Dir. 



238 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the Poltava Provincial Zemstvo. 

Equipment. — Nursery, laboratory, etc. 

Income. — Four thousand one hundred and twenty dollars annually, 
of which sum the State appropriates $2,266. 

lA/nes of work. — Investigations in the interest of local agriculture. 
From experiments carried out in the held it has been found that 
"black fallow" accumulates more moisture and exercises a more 
favorable influence upon field crops than any other kind of fallow. 

Flax Culture Station, Porkhov, Govt. Pskov. 

Stat Jon staff. — N. Myasnikov, Dir.; Krilov, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 on the Dirini Gorki estate of L. I. Sako- 
vich. 
. Income. — An annual grant of $1,493.50 from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains, and grants from Pskov Provincial Zemstvo. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in retting flax according to the Ameri- 
can and other methods; the introduction among the people of rational 
methods of preparing flax fiber; experiments in the use of fertilizers 
in flax culture, and instruction in flax culture. Since ls!*7 experi- 
ments have been conducted in retting flax with the aid of pure cultures 
of the bacilli of flax retting, isolated by one of the specialists of the 
Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Khoinovski Experiment Station, Prasnishsk, Govt. Plotsk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899 by S. Th. Khelkhovski. 
Income. — Maintained at the expense of local landowners, with the 
aid of an annual grant of $386 from the State. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Testing- Station of the Poly- 
technic Institute, Riga, Govt. Livonia. 

Governing board. — This station is under the control of the Ministry 
of Public Instruction. 

Station staff. ,Dir.; W. von Haken, First Asst. 

OJiem.j M. Hallay, Second Asst. Chem.; L. Stauwe, Third Asst. 
Chun.; Carl Pauts, Clerk and Helper. 

{ Origin. — The Polytechnic Institute at Riga was organized in 1862, 
and two years later — September 1, 1864 — the Agricultural Chemical 
Experiment Station was organized, with Dr. August Toepler, professor 
of chemist ry in the institute, in charge of the work. In 1868 Dr. Toepler 
was succeeded -by Prof. F. Weber, who served four years. In 1872 
the station was reorganized and placed under the late Prof. George 
Thorns who was also professor of agricultural and physiological chemis- 
try in the institute. In 1878 a seed control division was added, and 
the name of the station changed to its present form. 

Equipment. — Laboratories for chemical and seed control work. 



Russia. 239 

Income.— For 1899-1900, $3,402.55 (fees for analyses, $3,042.05; 
subsidies, $360.50). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, 
seeds, and tapestries; analysis of foods, condiments, fuels, and agri 
cultural products generally, and chemical and bacteriological inves- 
tigations. For a number of years the station has been making thorough 
and extensive studies of the soils in Livonia and Courland, one of the 
purposes of these investigations being to secure "data for a rational 
taxation of farm lands." In connection with the tapestry control, 
qualitative tests of wall paper, dress goods, etc., for arsenic, phos- 
phorus, and cyanogen, are made. Annual reports of the work of the 
station have been published since its organization as an independent 
institution in 1872. 

Experiment Farm of the Riga Polytechnic Institute, Riga, Govt. Livonia. 

Staff. — Prof, von Knirim, Dir. 

This farm is located on the Peterhov State domain, a little over 16 
miles from Riga. The lines of work include feeding experiments, 
investigations of soils, and tests with fertilizers, and various farm crops. 

Agricultural Bacteriological Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains, St. Petersburg. 

Station staff. — Dr. A. Theoktistov, Dir.; N. Andreev, Bad.; M. 
Grimm, Bad.; A. Nemm, Zymologist; B. Kariakin, Chem.; two 
helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. 
No work of a practical nature was done before 1896. 

Equipment. — Four well-equipped laboratories — two bacteriolog- 
ical, one zymological, and one chemical — an office, library, museum, 
and technical laboratory for the production of bacteria. 

Income. — An annual grant of $5,100 from the Government, includ- 
ing $3,900 from the department of agriculture for the destruction of 
mice and rats, and for the distribution of pure cultures of wine and 
milk bacteria. 

Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations and field experiments in 
destroying mice and susliks by means of bacteria; investigation of the 
causes of decreasing virulence in bacterial cultures, and determina- 
tion of the degree of virulence of various cultures; preparation of 
cultures in large quantities (including pure cultures of wine and butter 
bacteria which are sold for practical use), and of grain treated with 
strychnin for the destruction of rats. 

Seed Testing Station of the Imperial Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg. 

Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 
Station staff. — B. L. Issachenko, Dir. 



240 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Founded in 1877. 

Equipment. — Germinating chamber and other apparatus for inves- 
tigations with seeds. 

Income. — An annual grant of $309 from the Government and fees 
for seed testing. 

Lines of work. — Seed testing, description of cultivated plants, and 
investigations in the physiology of germination. 

Phytopathological Station of the Imperial Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg. 

Station staff. — A. Yachevski, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of fungus diseases of plants. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture an 
Domains, St. Petersburg. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the department of agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prof. P. S. Kossovich, Dir.; K. Gedroiz, L. Alt- 
hausen, M. Grachev, and P. Lossev, Assts. 

Origin. — Founded in 1897 at the Forestry Institute. 

Equipment. — Two well-equipped laboratories, and a vegetation house 
with 800 vegetation pots. 

Income.— For 1901, $4,120. 

Lines of work. — Studies in plant nutrition; vegetation experiments; 
analysis of soils, fertilizers, and feeding stuffs. 

Experiment Field, Samara, Govt. Samara. 

Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the Samara Provincial Zemstvo. 

Lines of 'work. — The improvement of methods of field culture pre- 
vailing in the government. From this field the people are supplied 
with improved seeds of cereals and grasses. 

Grinovutsi Farm, Securyani, Khotin District, Govt. Bessarabia. 

Origin. — Founded in L902. 

Income. — Maintained by the Grinovutzi Agricultural School, with 
the aid of an annual grant of $217 from the State. 

Signakh Experiment Tobacco Plantation, Signakh, Govt. Tiflis, Caucasus. 

Staff.— S. Chubkov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in L894 by Director Entiadzianetz. 

Income. — A grant of $515 per annum from the Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Experiments to determine the varieties of tobacco 
best suited to the region, and also to determine the best methods for 
cultivating, curing, and finishing tobacco. The question as to varie- 
ties appears to have been settled. Platana, Samsoun, and Dubegare 
varieties which are little inferior to the original Turkish tobaccos. 



RUSSIA. 241 

Dairy Station, Smeinogorsk, Siberia 

Stravomyslov, Dir. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Sobieszyn, near Ivangorod, 

• Poland. 

Governing hoard. — The administrator of the estate of Prince Kajetan 
Kicki and the director of the station. 

Station staff. — Dr. A. Sempolovski, Dir.; two assistants and a field 
foreman. 

Origin. — Founded in 1886 by the administrator of the Prince Kicki 
estate; reorganized in 1892. 

Equipment. — Chemical and botanical laboratories, meteorological 
station, vegetation house, seed testing station, and an experiment field 
of 35 acres. 

Income. — About $4,120 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Chemical analysis and investigation of the typical 
soils in Poland; botanical investigations; seed testing; variety tests, 
and other field experiments with cereals, hoed crops, forage plants, 
and other field crops; potato experiments with various fertilizers and 
soils; meteorological observations. 

Horticultural ard Agricultural Experiment Station, Sochi, Govt. Cherno- 

morsk, Caucasus. 

Station staff. — N. Liachovezki, Dir.; Enko, Asst. Dir. 

Origin.— Founded in 1894 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Equipment. — Laboratory; meteorological apparatus; a farm of about 
4,500 acres, including experimental orchards, nurseries, field plats, 
and an experimental tobacco plantation. 

Income. — An annual grant of $3,347.50 from the Government. 

Lines of work. — The cultivation and study of subtropical plants, the 
acclimatization of fruit trees, raising and selling of seeds and nursery 
stock adapted to the region. Considerable attention is given to experi- 
ments with varieties of Indian corn, sorghum, castor-oil plant, cotton, 
legumes, and cereals. The object of the tobacco plantation is to ascer- 
tain the variety of tobacco best adapted to the region, and to develop 
a rational method of cultivating tobacco. The station also gives 
instruction in tobacco culture, and prepares practical men for that 
industry. 

Bogoroditzk Experiment Field, Staroi-Oskol, Govt. Kursk. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899 by I. A. Pulman. 

Income. — Maintained by the founder with financial aid from the dis- 
trict zemstvo and the State, the latter granting $386 per annum. 
5368— No. 112—04 1(3 



242 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Experiment Field, Stavropol, Govt. Stavropol. 
Sudja Experiment Field, Sudja, Govt. Kursk. 

Origin. Founded in 1900. 

Incomi . Maintained by the Sudja Agricultural Society with the aid 
of a government subsidy of $515 per annum. 

Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station, Sukhum, Govt. Kuta'is, 

Caucasus. 

Station staff. — V. V. Markovich, Dir./ A. A. Liahovezki, Asst. Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 189*1 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Equipment. — Experimental garden with nurseries, vineyard, and 
experimental plats; experiment field; meteorological station. 

Income. — An annual grant of $5,150 from the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Cultivation and investigation of numerous subtropi- 
cal plants, such as tea, olives, and European and Japanese fruit trees, 
indigo, cotton, bamboo, and various medicinal and scent plants; rais- 
ing and selling of seeds adapted to the region; acclimatization experi- 
ments; and meteorological observations. 

Taganrog" Experiment Field, Taganrog. 

Origin. — Founded in 1899. 
Staff.— G. Blinnikov, Dir. 

Income. — Maintained at the expense of the Taganrog Agricultural 
Society and the State, the latter appropriating $618 annually. 

Turkestan Agricultural Experiment Station, Tashkend, Govt. Turkestan. 

Station staff. — R. R. Schroeder. Dir.; N. Alexandrov. Asst. Dir. 
and Chem. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the State. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, experi- 
ment field, and vineyard. 

Income. — A State appropriation of $4,995 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the best methods for cultivating 
cotton and other fiber plants, and of the best means for utilizing irri- 
gation water; experiments intended to improve methods of grape 
culture and fruit raising in the region, and cultural experiments with 
"dry valley rice,'- which the station is attempting to introduce. 

Silk Culture Station, Tiflis, Govt. Tiflis, Caucasus. 

Slat ion staff. — N. Shavrov, Dir.; three assistants, twelve travel- 
ing experts in sericulture and bee keeping, a gardener, housekeeper, 
mechanician, and secretary. 



Russia. 243 

Origin. — Founded in 1887 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. 

Equipment. — Laboratory containing technical, chemical, and bio- 
logical divisions and silk-spinning mill, auditorium, shops, rearing 
house for worms, greenhouses, museum, library, mulberry plantation, 
and apiary. 

Income. — An annual grant of $23,175 from the Government. 

Lines of work. — Original investigations in the biology of the silk- 
worm and experimental verification of similar investigations conducted 
by others, especial attention being given to the resistance of the worms 
to disease and to the improvement of silk and the eggs of silkworms; 
practical and theoretical instruction in sericulture; systematic investi- 
gations concerning the food of silkworms. The practical work of the 
station includes the production of healthy eggs, the testing of eggs 
sent to the station, the promotion or rational methods of caring for 
the eggs, and the distribution of healthy eggs among rearers of silk- 
worms. The station is also engaged in developing and improving 
apiculture in the region. Reports of the station's work are published 
and popular illustrated articles and pamphlets in the vernacular of the 
natives are distributed. 

Central Dairy Station, Tomsk, Siberia. 

Kothergin, Dir. 

Seed Testing Station at the Storehouse of the Tver Section of the Imperial 
Moscow Agricultural Society, Tver, Govt. Tver. 

Station staff. — M. Devel, Dir. 

Lines of work. — Seed testing. 

Okun Experiment Field, Urshum, Govt. Viatka. 

Origin. — Founded by the Viatka Provincial Zemstvo. 

Income. — Three thousand and ninety dollars (provincial zemstvo, 
$2,317.50; Ministry of Agriculture and Domains, $772.50). 

Lines of work. — Experiments with cereals, fertilizer experiments, 
and experiments in technical methods of cultivation. 

Kostichev Agricultural Experiment Station, Valuiki, Govt. Samara." 

Station staff. — Vasili S. Bogdan, Dir.; S. Lebedev and V. Arapov, 
Assts. 

Origin. — Established in 1891 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains. 

Equipment. — Agricultural laboratory, meteorological station, and a 
farm of 815 acres. 

Income. — An annual grant of $1,120 from the Government. 

« Post-office address, Staraya, Poltavka, 



244 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — Situated in a region of alkali lands with a dry cli- 
mate, the station is occupied with investigations and experiments 
relating to the accumulation, the conservation, and the rational utili- 
zation of atmospheric moisture, with thespecial purposeof improving 
and reclaiming alkali soils. Irrigation experiments, cultural experi- 
ments with different varieties to ascertain those best adapted to the 
region, and experiments in the cultivation of certain wild grasses are 
conducted; also control analysis of seeds and fertilizers, and the botan- 
ical analysis of hay. 

Experiment Field of the Varnavin Zemstvo, Varnavin, Govt. Kostroma. 

Origin. — Founded in 1898. 

Income. — Maintained by the district zemstvo and the Ministry of 
Agriculture and Domains, the latter contributing $515 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Various methods of soil cultivation and fertilizer 
experiments. 

Peasant Experiment Farm, Velikoe Selo, Govt. Jaroslav. 

Staff. — Ivan Yagodin-Kuvshinov, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1894 by Ivan Yagodin-Kuvshinov, with finan- 
cial aid from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Improvement of agricultural methods by practical 
demonstration of the use of new implements, the application of ferti- 
lizers, the value of growing seed, etc. 

Agricultural Experiment Station, Viatka, Govt. Viatka. 

Station staff. — S. H. Kossarev, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Viatka Provincial Zemstvo, with 
the cooperation of the State. 

Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, agricul- 
tural laboratory where seeds are tested and studies of injurious insects 
and plant parasites are conducted, experiment field of 105 acres. 

Income. — Maintained by the provincial zemstvo, aided by an annual 
grant of $2,575 from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Cultural experiments to determine varieties best 
suited to the locality, especially those of rye resistant to humidity and 
frost, peas of high -market value requiring a short period of growth, 
and potatoes adapted to local climatic conditions and possessing the 
necessary requirements for the manufacture of alcohol and starch; 
fertilizer experiments with phosphates, superphosphates, and turf; 
the testing of agricultural machines and implements; the study of 
soils; and meteorological observations. The station organizes cooper- 
ative experiments on the experiment tields and farms of the zemstvo. 



Russia. 245 

Experiment Farm, Vuisokoe Selo, Govt. Jaroslav. 

Staff. -N. P. Sabanyeev, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded by N. P. Sabanyeev in 1894, with financial aid 
from the Ministry of Agriculture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Demonstration of improved methods in agriculture, 
and experiments with fertilizers and in the cultivation of flax and 
garden vegetables. The application of common salt as a fertilizer for 
flax has given good results. 

Seed Testing Station of the Museum of Manufactures and Agriculture, 

"Warsaw, Poland. 

Governing hoard. — Five trustees appointed by the Museum of Man- 
ufactures and Agriculture, and the director. 

Station staff. — Zdzistav Zielinski, Dir.,' four assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1880 by the Count Ludwig Krasiriski and 
donated to the museum. 

Equipment. — Laboratories at Warsaw, and an experiment garden 
at Kazimierz in the government of Lublin. 

Income.— For 1901, $1,339 (State, $309; endowment from the 
museum, $515; fees, $515). 

Lines of work. — Seed testing, analysis of haj% preparation of herba- 
riums, mechanical and microscopical analysis of feeding stuffs, and 
cultural experiments with agricultural plants. 

Agricultural Chemical Laboratory and Control Station of the Esthonian 
Agricultural Society, "Weltz, near Wesenberg, Govt. Esthonia. 

Governing board. — A committee appointed by the Esthonian Agri- 
cultural Society. 

Station staff. — N. von Dehn, Dir.; Dr. von Harpe, Asst. 

Origin, — Founded in 1895 by the Esthonian Agricultural Societ} r . 

Equipment.— Well-equipped chemical laboratory, with vegetation 
pots. 

Income. — Fees and miscellaneous receipts, $773 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, and fodders, and seed 
testing. 

Enological Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Cellar of the Nikita 
School of Horticulture and Wine Making, Yalta, Govt. Taurida. 

Lines of work. — Analysis of wines, water, and soils; investigations 
to determine the value of various kinds of grapes; investigations in 
fermenting grape must; fertilizer experiments; and investigation of 
the quality of olive oil from the plantations of the southern coast of 
Crimea. 



246 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Tobacco Experiment Plantation, Yalta, Govt. Taurida. 

Origin. Founded in 1897 by the Ministry of Agriculture and 
Domains at the Nikitsk Imperial Garden. 

Lines of work. — Experiments with Macedonian tobacco to ascertain 
the varieties best suited to the climatic and soil conditions of the 
southern coast of Crimea and to develop improved methods of culti- 
vation. 

Experiment Field, Yekaterinskaia, Kursk. 

Asanov Experiment Field, Yelabuga, Viatka. 

Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Viatka Provincial Zemstvo. 
Equipment. — Field, garden, apiary, orchard, and nursery. 
Income. — An annual subsidy of $206 from the Ministry of Agricul- 
ture and Domains. 

Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments and variety tests. 

Experiment Forests. 

(1) On the watershed between the Volga and the Don, Khryenov. 
Govt. Voronezh. 

(2) On the watershed between the Don and the Donetz. Staro- 
byelsk, Govt. Kharkov. 

(3) On the watershed between the Dnieper and the Donetz, Veli- 
koanodalsk, Govt. Ekaterinoslav. 

Origin.— These three experimental forests were founded in 1892 by 
the bureau of forestry. 

Equipment. — Each forest covers an area of from 12,000 to 25,000 
acres. 

Limes of work.- — Planting of forests and study of forestry methods 
(1) on the steppes of the watersheds, (2) on soils not suited for culti- 
vation, and (3) in dry and wet ravines; experiments in strengthening 
ravines and exposed river banks; cultivation of fruit trees and shrubs 
on the steppes; irrigation experiments with subterranean waters and 
with snow and rainwaters; utilization of herbaceous plants; establish- 
ment of experiment fields (6 in number) in order to study the protect 
ing influence which planted forests may exercise on the agriculture of 
the steppes; and the establishment of norms (rational proportions) 
between the areas of forest, water, meadow, and cultivated fields. 

SPAIN. 

Enological Station, Ciudad Real. 

Jose Maria Marti, Dir. 

Enological Station, Haro. 

Victor C. Manso de Zuniga, Dir. 

Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment tield. 



STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 247 

Lines of work. — Analysis of wines and musts; experiments in wine 
making from different varieties of grapes, vineyard work, and meteoro- 
logical observations. 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School, Madrid. 

Station staff. — Prof. Josef Hurtado de Mendoza, Dir.; A. Dorron- 
soro, Chief of An nl . L<rf>. 

Origin. — Established about 1890. 

Equipment. — Chemical and physiological laboratory, meteorological 
observatory, vegetation cases, experimental farm and stables at 
Moncloa. Government experimental farms are also maintained at 
Barcelona, Caceres, Corunna, Jerez, Saragossa, and Valencia. 

Lines of work. — Investigations in chemistry and animal and plant 
physiology ; analyses and other work of a general character demanded 
by the Government or b} r local authorities; anal} T sis of soils, fertilizers, 
seeds, plants, and other agricultural products for the public. Several 
bulletins have been issued. 

Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology, Madrid. 

Prof. C. Ascarate, Dir. 

Sericultural Station, Murcia. 

Station staff. — Emiliano Lopez, Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1892 b}^ the State and the Province of Levante. 

Equipment. — Micrographic laboratory and demonstration fields for 
the culture of mulberry trees. 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the selection and rearing of silk- 
worms. Efforts are being made to improve methods of silkworm cul- 
ture, and to this end small popular bulletins are published and 
distributed among silkworm growers. 

Enological Station, Palencia. 

Francisco A. Estrada, Dir. 

Enological Station, Toro. 

Marcelino Arana, Dir. 

Enological Station, Villafranca del Panades. 

Claudio Oliveras, Dir. 

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 

Botanic Garden, Penang." 

Staff.— Henry N. Ridley, Dir.; W. Fox, Supt. of Forests and Gar- 
dens; native assistant and artist. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. L61. 



248 KXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Origin. — Founded in L885 as a public garden by the government of 
the Straits Settlements. 

Equipment. — Herbarium, plant sheds, orchid house, nurseries for 
the propagation and dissemination of useful and ornamental plants. 

Income. — For U><>2, government grant of $6,906. 

Lines of work. — Systematic, economic, and garden botany and for 
estry. 

Botanic Gardens, Singapore." 

Staff.— Henry N. Ridley, Dir.; W. Fox, Asst. Supt. 

Origin. — Commenced by the Agri- Horticultural Society in 1860; 
taken over by the Government in 1874 and put under a superintendent 
and committee of management appointed annually. 

Equipment. — Herbarium and museum building, plant houses, avia- 
ries, and other buildings; library, nurseries, and botanic garden. 

Income.— For 1902. 114,291.77 (government grant, $8,000; balance 
from 1901 and interest, $2,831.24; sale of plants and seeds, $3,460.53). 

Lines of work. — Cultivation and propagation of economic and orna- 
mental plants and trees; investigation of insect pests and plant diseases. 
Special attention is given to the cultivation of gutta-percha and india 
rubber. Annual reports and a monthly bulletin are published. 

SWEDEN. 
State Department of Agriculture, Stockholm. 

A. T. Odelberg, Minis, of Agr.; C. H. H. Bennich, Under Sec. 

The State Department of Agriculture comprises two bureaus, under 
which are grouped boards of land surveying, horse breeding, domains 
and forests, agriculture and fisheries, geological mapping, and lrydro- 
graphical and biological exploitation of the sea. It controls and main- 
tains the Agricultural Academy, at Albano, with which an experiment 
station is connected, and gives partial support to nine chemical stations, 
eighteen seed-control stations, several stations organized by societies, 
and a number of agricultural schools. Connected with the department 
is a corps of agricultural engineers and instructors, veterinarians, and 
fishery experts. 

Entomological Station, Albano, near Stockholm. 

Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. 

St nt ion staff. — Prof. Sven Lampa, Dir./ A. Tullgren, B. A., Asst. 

Origin. — In 1880 the Government created the position of Stale 
entomologist, and appointed Dr. A. E. Holmgren entomologist. In 
1887 he was succeeded by Prof. Sven Lampa, and in 1897, by act of the 
Hiksdag, the entomological station was created. 

«See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 161. 



SWEDEN. 249 

Equipment, Two laboratories, two insectaries, and an experiment 
garden. 

Tncome.—An annual appropriation of $1,862.60 from the State. 

Lines of work. — The principal duties of the State entomologist have 
been to disseminate information regarding the injurious insects of the 
country and to make investigations regarding the same, so far as the 
resources of the station will allow. Among the more important 
investigations are those concerning the gypsy moth, Hessian fly, wire- 
worm, crane fly, and grass worms. The entomologist has published a 
number of valuable pamphlets on the crop pests of Sweden. 

Experiment Station of the Agricultural Academy, Albano, near Stockholm. 

Governing hoard. — The administrative committee of the academy. 

Station staff. — Dr. H. G. Soderbaum, Chief Div. of Agr. Chem.; 
Dr. C. G. Eggertz, Asst.; Dr. Jakob Eriksson, Chief Div. of Plant 
Physiol.; G. H. Lind, Ilort.; S. Rhodin, Agr. 

Origin. — In 1817 the Agricultural Academy established an experi- 
ment field and nursery in the vicinity of Stockholm. In 1856 a 
chemical laboratory was added, and in 1886 a botanical laboratory. 

Equipment. — Agricultural chemical building, containing the direct- 
or's office, balance room, and two laboratories; laboratory for phys- 
iological chemical investigations; laboratory for volumetric analysis; 
dark room; storerooms, etc. The laboratories are well equipped 
throughout. There are also extensive experiment plats, some of which 
are provided with a protection of wire netting; a vegetation house; 
zinc and glass vegetation pots, the former sunk in the earth and the 
latter inclosed in canvas for protection and mounted on cars; a labora- 
tory, experiment field, vegetation house, and lysimeter for the division 
of plant ph} T siolog3 T , and a meteorological observatory. 

Income. — An annual grant of $6,030 from the Government, and 
receipts from the sale of farm products amounting to about $14,000 
per annum. 

Lines of work. — There are three distinct lines of investigation, 
namely, agricultural chemistry, plant physiology, and agricultural- 
horticultural field experiments. The chemical wprk includes the 
analysis of feeding stuffs, fertilizers, and soils, and investigations with 
fertilizers. The physiological work is best known through the inves- 
tigations of Doctor Eriksson with wheat and other cereals, especially 
his studies of grain rusts, but it includes also studies of other fungus 
diseases of plants, and culture experiments with forage plants. The 
field work includes fertilizer experiments, practical investigations in 
agriculture and horticulture. A few other experiments are conducted, 
notably those with dairy cows, and in animal nutrition. Reports of 
the work done at the station are published in the Transactions of tin' 



250 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Royal Agricultural Academy {Kongl. Landtbruks-Akademiens, Hand- 
Ungar och Tidskrift), which is issued bimonthly. 

Seed Control Station, Boras. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Elfsborg. 

Stat ton staff. — A. W. Essen. Dir. 

Origin. — Founded in 1884 by the Agricultural Society of the Prov- 
ince of Elfsborg; brought under State control in 1887. 

Equipment.- — Room for germination tests and a workroom. 

Income. — Annual grants from the State of $120.60, contributions 
from agricultural societies of $131, and fees for seed testing. 

Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. ; consultations. 

Seed Control Station, Christianstad. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Christianstad. 

Station staff— Dr. L. J. Wahlstedt, Dir. 

Equipment. — Seed control laboratory. 

Income. — Annual grants from the State of $131, and contributions 
from agricultural soeieties of $131, besides fees for seed control. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of farm and garden seeds and 
consultations regarding the same. 

Seed Control Station, Gefle. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of Agricultural Society of the Prov- 
ince of Gefleborg. 

Station staff. — A. Westman, Dir.; one assistant. 

Origin. — Founded in 1883 by the Agricultural Society of Gefleborg; 
brought under State control in L887. 

Equipment. — Seed testing laboratory. 

Income. — Annual grants from the State of $117.10; from the con- 
trolling society, $227.80, besides fees amounting to about $70 per 
annum. 

lines <>f <nork.- -Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight. 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Seed Control Station, GQteborg 1 . 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Goteborg and Bonus. 

Station staff.— Dr. ,1. E. Alen, Dir. 

Origin. —Founded in 1879 by the Agricultural Society of Goteborg 
and Bonus: brought under State control in L891. 



SWEDEN. 251 

Income.— For 1902, $625.08 (State, $107.20; agricultural society, 
$254.60; fees, $263.28.) 

Lines of work.— Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Halmstad. 

Governing hoard. — Committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Halland. 

Station staff. — E. Lyttkens Dir.; R. S. Ohlsen, Asst. 

Origin. — This station, which was established in 1876, is the oldest 
separate station in Sweden. 

Income. — For 1899: Chemical division, $3,097.65 (balance from 
1898, $162.01; State, $1,072; contributions from societies, $670; fees 
for analyses and miscellaneous, $1,193.64). Seed control division, 
$450.85 (balance from 1898, $1.06; State, $174.20; contributions from 
societies, $227.80; fees for analyses, $47.79). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed 
control, and bacteriological investigations. The station publishes 
annual reports. 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Hernosand. 

Governiny board.— -Committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Westernorrland. 

Station staff. — C. G. Strokirk, Dir.; C. O. Apelgren, Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1883. 

Income.— For 1899: Chemical division, $3,262.69 (State, $1,072; con- 
tributions from societies, $294.80; county, $254.60; fees for analyses 
and miscellaneous, $1,239.29; borrowed, $402). Seed control division, 
$364.77 (State, $120.60; county, $83.75; contributions from societies, 
$83.75; fees for analyses and miscellaneous, $76.67). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc. ; seed con- 
trol. About 1,000 samples were analyzed in the chemical laboratory 
in 1899. Annual reports are published. 

Experiment Station of the Swedish Moor Association, JOnkoping. 

Governing board. — Under the direction of a committee of the Swed- 
ish Moor Association. 

Station staff. — Dr. Hj. von Feilitzen, Dir.; C. G. L. Reuterskiold, 
( bnsulting Engineer in Moor ( 'ulture; Rob. Tolf, Bot. and Geol.; 1. H. 
Lugner, Ohem.; C. Johnson, Asst. for Field and Pot Expts. 

Origin. — Established in 1886. 

Equipment. — A building containing chemical and botanical labora- 
tories, museum, library, and offices; experiment garden and equipment 



252 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

for pot experiments. At Flahurt, 8 miles south of JonkSping, the 
association has an experiment farm of 308 acres, most of which is 
moorland. The association also conducts tempo rary field experiments 
on about 50 fields in different parts of Sweden. 

Income— For 1902, $13,467 (State, $4,020; provincial agricultural 
society, $1, 031.80; provincial councils, $3,711.80; membership fees, 
$1,715.20; miscellaneous, including- receipts from the sale of literature, 
$2,385.20). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of peat soils; scientific and practical expe- 
riments on moorlands, of which there are over 12,000,000 acres in 
Sweden. The association publishes a bimonthly journal containing 
the results of its experiments and other articles on the improvement 
of moorland. 

Seed Control Station, Jonkoping. 

Governing board. — The Agricultural Society of the Province of 
Jonkoping. 

Station staff.— R. Tolf, Dir.; Lars Tolf, Asst, 

Origin. — Established in 1882. 

Equipment. — Seed control laboratory. 

Income.— For 1901, $711 (State, $188; agricultural society, $281; 
fees and miscellaneous, $212). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of farm and garden seeds, 
study of plant diseases. 

Chemical Station, Jonkoping. 
G. Wadner, Dir. 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Kalmar. 

Governing board. — C. Rappe, A. Lejonhjelm, ( ). Wilner, C. W. Lied- 

holm, AW A. Bergenholtz. 

Station staff. — Dr. Albert Atterberg, Dir.; G. Karstrom, Asst. 
Seed Control; C. G. Stalbrand, Watch num. 

Origin.— Established in 1877. 

E<jiiij>in<'.nt. — Chemical and seed control laboratory and a vegetation 
house. 

Income.— For 1901: Chemical division, $1,331.37 (balance from 1900, 
$111. , .M>; State, $1,072; societies, $1,133.80; fees and miscellaneous, 
$1,683.58). Seed control division, $818.19 (balance from 1900, $17.69; 
State, $201; societies, $128. SO; fees, $201). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, and technical 
products, such as indigo, potatoes, corn, malt, etc.; seed control. In 
1900 about 2,500 samples were analyzed in the chemical laboratory. 
Experiments in plant nutrition are conducted partly in pots and partly 



SWEDEN. 253 

in plats. The director has done considerable important work in the 
classification of varieties of barley and oats, analytical methods and 
conditions of germination, and mineral constituents of oats. Reports 
have been published since 1879. 

Seed Control Station, Linkoping. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Linkoping. 

Station staff. — Willi. Heynian, Dir.; E. Ahl, Asst. 

Origin. — Founded in 1878 by the Agricultural Society of Linko 
ping; brought under State control in 1887. 

Equipment. — A well-equipped seed-testing laboratory, a library, 
and an experiment field. 

Income. — For 1901, $650 (State, $201; agricultural societ} T , $335; 
fees, $111). 

Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Experiment Station for Agricultural Chemistry, Vegetable Physiology, 
and Seed Control, Lulea. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Norrbotten. 

Station staff. — Dr. Paul Hellstrom, Dir.; Dr. Emil Wickstrom, 
Asst. Chem.; Ernst Tresk, Asst. Agr.; E. Hellstrom, Asst. Bot. 

Origin. — Seed control station established in 1889; chemical and 
physiological division established in 1895. 

Equipment. — Three laboratories, a balance room, library, two work- 
rooms, office, and two experiment fields. 

Income.— For 1901, $710 (State, $94; agricultural society, $161; 
provincial council, $67; miscellaneous, including fees and balance from 
1900, $388). 

Lines of work. — Experiments in the improvement of grasses, clo- 
vers, and cereals; variety tests and fertilizer experiments with wheat, 
oats, potatoes, and other crops; analysis of soils, feeding stuffs, fer- 
tilizers, water, etc., and seed control. 

Seed Control Station, Lund. 

Governing hoard. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Malmohus. 

Station staff. — J. A. Vilke, Dir., and Controller of Seals; five work- 
men. 

Origin. — Founded in 1880 by the Agricultural Society of Malmohus 
and Prof. B. Jonsson; brought under State control in 1887. 

Equipment. — A laboratory in the botanical institute of the univer- 
sity. 



254 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Income.— For L899, $1,165.80 (State, $241.20; contributions from 
societies, $388.60; fees for analyses, $536). 

Lines of work. Analysis and control of farm and garden seeds. 

Seed and Milk Control Station and Chemical Laboratory. Molkom. 

Governing board. —A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Wermland. 

Station staff. J. A. Andersson, Dir.; C. E. Alven, Assoc; C. \V. 
Nvberg, Asst. in Ghem. and Milk Control; Kristina Henriksson, 
Asst. in Seed Control. 

Origin. — Established in 1892 by J. A. Andersson and the Agricul- 
tural Society of the Province of Wermland; brought under State 
control in 1894. 

JEqu/jnnriit. — Three laboratories, office, and balance room. 

Income.— For 1901, $1,470 (Seed control, $319; milk control. $179; 
chemical laboratory, $972). 

Lines of work. — Seed and milk control and investigations in agricul- 
tural chemistry. 

Seed Control Station, Ope, near Ostersund. 

Governing board. — A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Jemtland. 

Station staff. — J. F. Broman, Dir. 

Income. — Annual grants from the State of $120.60; province, $134; 
and fees amounting to about $70 per annum. 

Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Orebro. 

Governing board. — A committee of five appointed by the Agricul- 
tural Society of the Province of Orebro. 

Station staff. — J. Widen, Dir.; J. E. Hogbom, Miss K. Larsson, 
M. Ericsson, Assts. 

Origin. — Established in 1SS0. 

Equipment. — Chemical and seed control laboratory. 

income. — For 1901: Chemical division, $4,916 (balance from 1900, 
$2,322; State, $1,123; agricultural society. $536; fees and miscella- 
neous, $935). Seed control division, $2,110 (balance from 1900, $466; 
State, $180; agricultural society. $268; U^^ and miscellaneous, 
$1,196). 

Li in* of work. Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed 
control. In the seed control division in 1900, I.2.V1 samples were ana 
lyzed and over 19,000 bags of seed were sealed. Annual reports art 
published. 



SWEDEN - . 255 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Skara. 

Governing hoard. — A committee appointed by the Agricultural 
Society of the Province of Skaraborg. 

station .staff". — Dr. S. Hammar, Dir. 

Origin. — Established in L877. 

Income.— For 1901: Chemical division, $2,617.31 (balance from 1900, 
$94.02; State, $1,072; contributions from societies, $53(3; local con- 
tributions, $268; fees for analyses and miscellaneous, $647.29). Seed 
control division, $287.36 (State, $93.80; contributions from societies, 
$134; fees for analyses, $59.56). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc. ; seed 
control. In the chemical laboratory 6,482 samples were analyzed in 
1901. Annual reports are published. 

Seed Control Station, Stockholm. 

Governing hoard.- — State Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Olof Stjernquist, Dir.; C. A. Lunden, First Asst.; 
two second assistants. 

Origin. — Founded in 1887 by the Royal Agricultural Society of 
Stockholm with a subsidy from the State Department of Agriculture. 

Equipment. — Three laboratories equipped with modern apparatus 
for seed control and microscopic analysis of feeding stuffs. 

Income. — For 1901, $1,370 (subsidies from the Government and the 
agricultural society, $630; fees, $740). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of farm and garden seeds; 
microscopic analysis of feeding stuffs. 

Swedish Seed Breeding Station, SvalOf. 

Governing hoard. — Six members appointed by the Swedish Seed 
Breeding Association, three members appointed by the agricultural 
societies contributing to the support of the station. 

Station staff. — Dr. N. Hjalmar Nilsson, Dir.; Drs. Hans Tedin and 
N. Herman Nilsson-Ehle, 1st Assts.; J. N. Walldin, G. A. V. Kin- 
berg and A. Elofson (at Ultima), Assts.; clerks; temporary assistants, 
and helpers. 

Origin. — In 1886 the Baron F. G. Gyllenkrook and Birger Welin- 
der organized the South Swedish Seed Breeding Association which 
soon took the name of the General Swedish Seed Breeding Association, 
and in 1894, through a union with the Middle Swedish Seed Breeding 
Association, became the present Swedish Seed Breeding Association. 
Experiments in seed breeding began with the organization of the 
society in 1886, and was brought under the control of the State in 1890. 

Equipment. — At Svalof the association owns about 37 acres of land, 
one-third of which is occupied by buildings and a park containing 



256 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

plats for perennial legumes and for various experiments, and two- 
thirds are devoted to the cultivation and increase of improved varieties 
of seeds. The buildings include a residence and laboratory building 
containing two storerooms for plants, throe rooms for the selection of 
parent plants and the examination of the progeny to determine its 
constancy, three rooms for collections and the inspection of seed, two 
rooms for chemical work and seed control, a photographic room, etc.; 
a barn and a collection of instruments used in breeding work, many 
of which were devised by the station stall'. Among other such pieces 
of apparatus are instruments for classifying grain according to the 
density of the head and the strength of straw, an automatic balance for 
selecting heads of grain, a cribbing machine for grading seed, and an 
instrument for taking the dimensions of leguminous seeds. Seeds for 
the northern part of the country are tested on the experiment field at 
the Agricultural Academ} T , Albano, by a special station assistant. 
Temporary experiments are conducted on private fields all over the 
country. 

Income.— Foy 1901, $1-1,000, including a State grant of $1,821; from 
agricultural societies, $1,596; membership fees, $680.72; royalty for 
improved products, $670, etc. 

Lines of work. — The objects of the association are to improve the 
quality of seed used in the country and raise the standard of cultiva- 
tion and thus develop an export trade in seed. This is accomplished 
mainly through the breeding of new varieties and by using- a method 
of selection elaborated at the station and known as the "Svaldf 
method. - , In this work the institution has been very successful, hav- 
ing developed about 20 new varieties and brought them into prac- 
tical use. For the purpose of keeping these varieties pure and 
maintaining their productiveness the General Swedish Seed Company, 
Limited (capital, $125,000), was organized in 1891. This company lias 
no official connection with the Swedish Seed Breeding Station except 
as to the quality of seed it handles. At present the company handles 
no seed except that bred at the station. 

Seed Control Station, Upsala. 

Governing hoard. — A committee appointed by the Agricultural 
Society of the Province of Upsala. 
Stat !<in staff. — Tom von Post, JJir. 
Income.— Foy 1900, $600 (State, $131; agricultural society. s:;:;;»; 

fees, $131). 

Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, 
water content, dry material, germination, etc. 

Chemical and Seed Control Station, Westeras. 

Governing board.— A committee of the Agricultural Society of the 
Province of Westmanland. 



SWEDEN. 257 

Station staff— Dr. J. O. Bergstrand, Dir.; K. Hogvall, B. A., 

Ass/. 

Income. - For L899: Chemical division. §2,584.59 (balance from 1898, 
1193.19; State, $1,072; contributions from societies. 1634.90; fees for 
analyses and miscellaneous, $684.50). Seed control division, $424.63 
(State, $120.60; contributions from societies. $133.72; fees for analy- 
ses, $170.31). 

Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding- stuffs, water, 
milk and dairy products, food and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed 
control. 

Chemical and Seed. Control Station, Wisby. 

Governing hoard '. — A committee appointed by the Agricultural 
Society of the Province of Gothland. 

Station stuff. — O. Hulander, Dir.; A. G. Palmquist, Asst. 

Origin. — Established in 1899 by the State Department of Agri- 
culture. 

Income. — For 1900, $804 from the Government. 

Li ins of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, 
milk and daily products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed 
control. 

Institution for Local Manuring- Experiments, Wisby. 

Governing hoard. — R. T. Hennings, I. Insulander, Prof. H. G. 
Soderbaum, Prof. J. Eriksson, and P. Bolin. 

Station staff. — P. Bolin, Dir.; A. Osterman. Asst. 

Origin. — Organized in 1900 by the Royal Academy of Agriculture. 

Equipment. —A central station for the distribution of fertilizers, 
examination of crops, and publishing of the report. 

Income.— For 1902, $4,050 (State, $1,350; provincial agricultural 
societies, $2,700). 

Lines of i fori- . — Field experiments for ascertaining which artificial 
fertilizers are appropriate to different soils and plants. 

Agricultural Chemical Stations of Agricultural Societies. 

Ten county agricultural societies have for a number of years made 
arrangements with the chemical departments of certain agricultural 
schools to have chemical analyses made for farmers in their respective 
counties at a low rate, and for this purpose have set apart definite sums 
of money annually. The location of these stations and the director of 
each are as follows: Alnarp, Dr. M. Weibull; Bonis. Dr. W. Abenius; 
Gefle, Dr. K. Arnell; Goteborg, J. E. Alen; Helsingborg, K. E. Bex- 
elius (receives appropriation from the State); Christianstad, F. Johan- 
nesson; Molkom, J. A. Andersson; Ultuna, E. Pettersson; Umea, Dr. 
C. N. Pahl: and Wisby. L. A. Zetterling. 
5368— No. 112—04 17 



258 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Lines of work. — The work of these stations includes the analysis of 
soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods 
and condiments, poisons, and a few miscellaneous articles. 

SWITZERLAND. 

Department of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture, Bern. 

Dr. A. Deucher, Minis, of Com.. Indus., and Agr.; Dr. Arnold 
Eichmann, Chief Div. of Com.; Dr. Franz Kaufmann, Chief Div. 
of Indus.; Franz Midler, Chief Dim. of Agr. 

In Switzerland the Federal agricultural experiment stations are 
established by the Government and controlled by the Department of 
Agriculture. The directors and other officers of the stations arc 
appointed by the Federal Council (corresponding closely to the Presi- 
dent's Cabinet in the United States) upon recommendation by the 
Department of Agriculture. Reports of the investigations conducted 
at the different stations are published by the department in bulletin 
form in both German and French. From eight to twelve of these 
bulletins are published in a year, and together they make up a volume, 
the German edition of which is called Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuch 
der Schweiz, and the French edition. Annuaire Agricole dt la Suisse. 

Agricultural Chemical Station, Lausanne. 

Governing board. — - Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Dr. C. Dusserre, Dir.; two assistant chemists; one 
helper. 

Origin. — Established in lsi>5. 

Equipme?it. — Chemical laboratory, vineyaid, and experiment Held. 

Income. — Supported by the Government. Expenditures for 1901, 
$3,205. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, concentrated 
feeding stuffs, and remedies for plant diseases and pests; instructions 
t<> the public regarding the purchase and use of these articles; and 
field and laboratory experiments. The Held work includes experiments 
with different commercial fertilizers and with spraying solutions for 
plant diseases and for killing weeds. These experiments are conducted 
in 15 Helds in different parts of the country and in 4 vineyards recently 
established for the purpose. The laboratory work, aside from control 
analyses, includes analysis of hays, potatoes, beets, mushrooms, cereals. 
and other miscellaneous articles. 

Viticultural Station, Lausanne. 

Governing h<><ir<l. — The Grand Council of the Canton de Vaud. 
Station staff.- Prof. E. Chuard, Dir.; Dr. 11. Faes, Adjunct 
Physiol.; Dr. F. Porchet, Adjunct Chem.; two laboratory helpers, n 



SWITZERLAND. 259 

meteorological observer, a librarian and curator of the museum, gar- 
deners, and other helpers. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. 

Equipment. — A laboratory of physiology and microscopy with 
adjoining vegetation houses, a laboratory cellar for studies in wine 
making, a chemical laboratory, a meteorological observatory, museums, 
collections, etc. 

Income. — Supported in part by the Canton de Vaud and in part by 
the Federal Government. 

Lines of work. — Viticultural investigations, including experiments 
with American phylloxera-resistant vines and with soils, fertilizers, 
insecticides, and fungicides; study of diseases of the vine; chemical 
investigation of vines, grapes, must, wines, soils, fertilizers, waters, 
and agricultural products. Reports of the work are published in 
Chronique ngri<-<>h du canton </< Vaud. 

Dairy Station, Lausanne. 

Staff.— C. Pelichet, Dir. 

Origin. — Opened in 1889. 
Equipment. — Experimental dairy. 
Lines of work. — Dairy investigations. 

Seed Control Station, Lausanne. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — Prof. G. Martinet, Dir.; four assistants. 

Origin. — Opened in 1898. 

Equipment. — Three laboratories; two vegetation houses; two experi- 
ment fields, one at Mont Calme and the other at Bullet. 

Income. — Supported by the Government. Expenditures for 1901, 
$2,856. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds, field tests of varieties 
of potatoes and cereals, cooperative experiment with pasture grasses, 
experiments with legumes for green manuring, hybridization of pota- 
toes, and experiments with grains at different altitudes. Considerable 
attention is given to investigations in plant protection and plant 
diseases. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Liebefeld, near Bern. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station stuff— Dr. Paul Liechti, Dir.; Dr. W. Moser, 1st Asst. ; 
E. Shi'itz, Ed. Weissmi'dler, E. C. Weissmuller, Dr. E. Jacky, Doctor 
Heuberger, Dr. E. Ritter, A. Jaggli, E. Truninger, Assts.; secretary; 
clerk; gardeners, and helpers. 

( ' >ri<iin. — Founded in 1891 as an institute of the University of Bern; 
brought under State control in 1897. 



260 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

Equipment. —Seven well-equipped laboratories, with six storerooms: 
a vegetation house containing 600 vegetation pots, a laboratory, and 
several workrooms and storerooms: experiment Melds. 

Income. — Supported by the Government. Expenditures in 1901, 
$14,022. 

Lines of work.- -Control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs, investiga- 
tions in plant nutrition and soils, vegetation experiments, and analytical 
work. 

Bacteriological Laboratory of the Swiss Agricultural Experiment Stations, 

Liebefeld, near Bern. 

Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff. — I>r. E. von Freudenreich, Dir.; J. Hohl, 1st Asst.; 
G. Thoni, 2d Asst. 

Origin.— Established in 1900. 

Equipment. — The bacteriological laboratory is located in the new 
agricultural experiment station building, completed in 1901, and is 
provided with an office, library, and private laboratory for the director. 
a large laboratory for the assistants, a special chemical laboratory, a 
balance room, sterilizing room, operating room, two incubator rooms. 
a room for animals, photographic room, etc. 

Income. — Supported by the Government. Expenditures for 1901, 
14,086. 

Lines of work. — Bacteriological investigations with special reference 
to the role of bacteria in dairying and cheese making. The director 
is author of ''Bacteriology in the Dairy," a short, popular treatise for 
dairy schools, cheese makers, and farmers, and has made investigations 
on the part played by lactic-acid bacteria in the ripening of cheese, 
action of rennet ferment, use of artificial rennet in cheese making, 
bacteria of kephir. influence of electricity on bacteria, influence of 
temperature on the bacteria in milk and cheese, and of food on the 
bacteria content of cow dung, the poisonous nature of culture products 
of animal tuberculosis, and other similar problems. 

Dairy Experiment Station, Liebefeld, near Bern. 

Govt rning hoard.— Department of Agriculture. 

Station start'. —Orla Jensen, V.-Dir.; Doctor Steinegger, Asst. 

Origin.— Established in 1902. 

Equipment. The dairy station is provided with quarters in the new 
agricultural experiment station building, including office, library, and 
private laboratory for the director, a large laboratory, balance room. 
three special laboratories, photographic room, etc. Special cheese 
and butter rooms with curing rooms have been constructed. 

Lines of work. — Experiments and investigations in dairying and 
cheese making 



SWITZERLAND. 261 

Dairy School and Experiment Station, Rutti-Zollikofen. 

Governing board.— A. cantonal committee of six members: C. Hofer, 
Pres.; A. Roth, Sec. 

Station staff. — A. Peter, Dir. and Dairy Bad. ; Fritz Miiller, Form . 
Butter Making; Jakob Held, Cheese Making,' Johannes Andres. 
Bookkeeping, Penmanship, and Accounts/ Guido Kostler, Chem.; 
Werner Kummer, Asst. Chem. Milk Testing. 

Origin. — Established in 1887. 

Equipment. — School building containing - chemical, bacteriological, 
and other laboratories used in experimental work, experimental cheese 
factory, and experimental dairy. 

Income. — Maintained jointly by the Federal and cantonal govern- 
ments at an annual expense of about $6,000. 

Lines of work. — Instruction in dairying; investigations for the pur- 
pose of protecting and controlling the local cheese and dairy business; 
testing of dairy apparatus, machinery, and materials; scientific experi- 
ments in lines connected with dairying, especially in daily chemistry 
and bacteriology. 

Experiment Station and School for Fruit, Wine, and Garden Culture, 

Wadensweil. 

Governing hoard. — An intercan tonal commission of twenty-one 
members: A. Locer(Pm<-.), Winterthur; J. C. Eschmann(<SVc. ), Zurich. 

Station staff.— Dv. H. Miiller-Thurgau, Dir. and Plant Physiol.; 
W. Kelhofer, Chem.; M. Lobler, Gard.; H. Schellenberg, Hort. and 
Vit.; Th. Zschokke, in. charge of Expts. with Fruit Products; Dr. J. 
Hofer, Zool.; Dr. A. Osterwalder, Asst. in L<d>. for Plant Physiol. 
and Fermentations; A. Kitt, Bookkeeper and Corresp. <'/>rk: helpers, 
assistants, etc. 

( Origin. — Established in 1891. 

Equipment. — Laboratorv for plant physiology; chemical laboratory; 
accommodations for the divisions of ferments and pure-yeast cultures, 
zoology, and fruit products; experimental gardens, orchards, vine- 
3'ards, fruit and wine cellars, and press rooms; forcing house, and 
meteorological observatory. 

Income. — Maintained jointly by Federal and cantonal governments 
at an annual expense of about $15,000. 

Lines of work. — The investigations of the station include a wide 
range of subjects, all more or less directly connected with the pro- 
duction and manufacture of fruits and vegetables. Among them 
might be mentioned experiments in the manufacture of cider, perry, 
and dried and preserved fruits and vegetables; investigation of root 
systems, and of the relation of seed development to production of 
grapes and some other fruits: vineyard, orchard, and cellar experiments, 
including methods of pruning,- uses of fertilizers, trellising, effect of 
loss of leaves by hailstorms, influence of cultivating crops between 



262 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

rows of vines or fruit trees, prevention of frost, combating downy 
mildew and other diseases of the vine, improvement of grapes, experi- 
ments in wine manufacture and handling; fertilizer and other experi- 
ments in vegetable and flower gardens and forcing house; chemical 
investigation of fertilizers, spraying materials, and fruit products; 
study of plant diseases and means for combating them; bacteriological 
investigation of wines, yeasts, etc., and meteorological observations. 

Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Zurich. 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. 

Stnl ion staff. — Dr. E. A. Grete, Dh\; chemist, botanist, secretary, 
and six assistant chemists; six other permanent employees and about 
as many temporary assistants. 

Origin. — Established in 1878 by the Polytechnic School of Zurich; 
brought under control of the Department of Agriculture in 1898. 

Equipment. — The station has quarters on the first floor and in the 
basement of the Federal chemical building. Here are found the direct- 
or's office and private laboratory, a dark room, rooms for collections 
and chemical apparatus, laboratory for the determination of water- 
soluble phosphoric acid, large general laboratory, laboratory for pot- 
ash determinations, wash rooms, offices, storerooms, etc. 

Income. — For 1901, $10,718, derived from State subsidy and fees for 
analyses. 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding 
stuffs; analysis of soils, milk, marls, manures, sugar beets, and other 
miscellaneous articles; held experiments in plant protection and soil 
investigations with lime. 

Experiment Station for Brewing, Zurich. 

Governing hoard. — This station is the property of an association 
which includes in its membership nearly all the breweries in Switzer- 
land and a number of malt houses both in Switzerland and in other 
countries. 

Station staff. — L. Fries. T>ir.; A. Winkelmann, M. Diener, J. Ucker, 
Assts.f several clerks and helpers. 

Origin. — Founded in L890 by the Association of Brewers. 

Equipment. Two chemical laboratory rooms, a room for micro- 
scopic and biological work, a balance room, two offices, and a cellar 
for the production of pure yeasts. 

Income. — The funds for the support of the station are derived from 
initiation fees and annual dues of members, fees for investigations, and 
receipts from the sale of instruments and pure yeasts. 

Lines of work. — Investigation of the by-products and other materi- 
als used in the brewing industry; control of instruments; the produc- 
tion of pure yeasts; furnishing expert advice in matters relating to 
brewing. 



TRANSVAAL TUNIS. 263 

Seed Control Station, Zurich. 

Governing hoard.— The Department of Agriculture. 

Station staff.— Dr. F. G. Stebler, Dir.; Eugene Thiele, First Asst. ; 
A. Volkart, Asst. Bot.; other assistants and a clerk. 

Origin. — Established in 1878. 

Equipment. — Laboratory, greenhouse for germination experiments, 
small experiment field for culture tests, experiment field for forage 
plants at Wollishofen, and experiment field for alpine culture on the 
Filrstenalp at Graubiinden, and temporary experiment lields in all 
parts of Switzerland. 

Income.— For 1901, $8,640 (State, $1,571; fees, $1,066). 

Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds. During the year 
ended June 30, 1901, 1(>,257 samples were sent in for analysis and the 
individual investigations numbered nearly 21,000. Lists of control 
firms are published for the benefit of purchasers of seeds. The other 
work of the station includes the investigation of forage plants, culture 
tests, experiments for the improvement of meadows and pastures in 
the valleys and on the mountain sides. 

TRANSVAAL. 

Transvaal Department of Agriculture, Pretoria. 

Staff.— ¥. B. Smith, Vir.; A. C. McDonald, Asst. Dlr.; A. Theiler, 
Vet. Sci. {I><irf.); Stewart Stockman, Vet. Sci.; Herbert Ingle, 
( In in.; J. Burtt Davy. Bot.; J. A. Kinsella, Dairying; C. B. Simp- 
son, Ent.; R. A. Davis, Hart.; Chas. L. Legat, Asst. For.; Wm. 
MacDonald, Die. of Publications; Reginald Bourlay, Poultry Man- 
agement. 

Origin. — Established in 1903. 

Lines of work. — This department is both an administrative and 
advisory department and the scope of its work will include studies 
and investigations upon various problems connected with agriculture, 
such as animal and plant diseases, injurious insects, soils, the use of 
fertilizers, irrigation, breeding, poultry farming, dairying, etc. The 
official publication of the department is the Transvaal Agricultural 
Journal, which is issued quarterly. 

TUNIS. 

Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Hugon, Dir. 

An agricultural service was organized as early as 1870, before the 
date of the French protectorate, and existed in various forms, united 
with various other organizations, until expanded into the Department 
of Agriculture and Commerce in 1896. As at present constituted the 
department comprises the agricultural service, including the trial 
garden, agricultural school, chemical laboratory, wine making and 
bacteriological laboratory, and inspection of breeding animals, diseased 



2<>4 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 

vinos, etc.; the service of commerce, industry, and weights and meas- 
ures; domains; colonization: forests, and olive plantations. 

Colonial Agricultural School, Tunis. 

Governing hour* I. — Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 
Hugon, Dir. 

Staff. — Lepiney, Dir. 

Equipment.- School building, botanical laboratory, museum, barns, 
and farm. 

Income. — Supported by the State. 

Lines of work. — Cultural and fertilizer experiments with cereals, 
root crops, forage crops, and fruits; variety tests, selection, and 
hybridization. Reports of the work are published in the official 
bulletin of the Department of Agriculture and in separate reports. 

Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Station, Tunis. 

Governing hoard. — The Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Station staff . — E. Bertainchaud, Dir.; Marcille, Chem.; Laverdet, 
Asst. Chem. 

Origin. — A chemical laboratory was established in 1887. 

Lines of work. — Investigations on the adulteration of food and 
medicinal products; analysis of soils, waters, manures, feeding stuffs, 
chemical analyses for government officials; cultural experiments with 
cereals, forage crops, food plants, and other economic plants; fertilizer 
and rotation experiments; variety tests; microscopic investigations; 
experiments in manufacturing, improving, and preserving olive oil. 

Trial Garden, Tunis." 

Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

siut ion stuff. — L. Guillochon, Dir.; Grandicha, Head Gard. 

Origin. — Established in 1892. 

Equip?nent. — Propagating house, two greenhouses, a glass house for 
wintering delicate plants, palm garden. 

Income- For 19()2, $7,720 (government subsidy. |>5,404; private 
contributions, $1,930; miscellaneous. $386). 

Lines of work. — Introduction, acclimatization, and cultivation of 
economic and ornamental plants, and distribution of those suited to 
the climate. 

Wine Making- and Bacteriological Laboratory, Tunis. 

Governing hoard. -Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 

Origin. —Established in L894. 

Lines of work. — Study of diseases of animals, preparation of vac- 
cine, study. of fermentation and processes of wine making, and manu- 
facture of pure yeasts. 



« See Colonial Garden, N igent-sur-Marne, France [>. III. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Abbott, F., 42, 164. 
Abel, 110. 
Abenius, \\\, 257. 
Acland, C. T. D., 155. 
Adams, S. F., 33. 
Addison, R.. 159. 
\.derhold, R.,122. 
Adorjan, J., 173. 
Alii, E., 253. 
Aitken, A. P.. 158. 
A la rd. M., 108. 
Alba, F.. 112. 
Albert, F.. 140, 141. 
Alberti, E., 187. 
Albuquerque, J. P. d', 75. 
Alen, J. E., 250, 257. 
Alexandrov, N., 242. 
Alford, J., 33. 
AH. .1. S., 181. 
Alia, 99. 

Allen, C. G. H., 178, 182. 
Allen, E. W., 2. 
Althausen, L., 240. 
A 1th. iff. 121. 
Alven, C. E., 254. 
Ahvis, 1). T. de, 88, 162. 
Ameida, J. V. de, 221. 
Amelinekx, C, 6S. 
Arnpola, G., 189, 192. 
Anderson, J. A., 254, 257. 
Ando, H., 194. 
Andouard, A., 109. 
Andouard, P., 109. 
Audi.-, .1., 261. 
Andrev, N., 239. 
Andrews, J., 215. 
Andrlik, K., 54. 
Angus, W., 160. 
Annis, A. E., 85. 
Antelme, C, 204. 
Aoyagi, S., 198, 199. 
Aoyama, H.. 191. 
Apelgren, C. O., 251. 
Appel, 123. 
Appleton, J. II., 153. 
Aragao, It. E. de Paula, 71. 
Arana, M., 247. 
Aranha, T. E. deSouza, 71. 
Araj Hiv. V.. 243. 
Archer, W. E., 152. 
Archibald. C. F., 165. 
Arden, S., 163. 
Ardilaun, 158. 
Arend, J. P., 203. 



Aritoshi, 8., 196. 
Armstrong, K. M., 166. 
Arnd, 125. 
Arnell, K., 257. 
Arntz, 125. 
Arthur, ,T.. 43. 
Artus, 115. 
Asearate, C, 2)7. 
Aschmann. ('., 203. 
Ashmore, A. M., 73. 
Astrue, 109. 
Atterberg, A., 252. 
Aubie, G.. 204. 
Augustus, J. C, 79. 
Auman, P., 111. 
Aumann, G. 137. 
Austin, C. F., 89. 
Avebury, 160. 
Avilov, J. A., 228. 

Babu, 116. 
Backhaus, R., 131. 
Baessler, P., 142. I 
Baguley, A., 154. 
Baier, E., 46. 
Baier. F., 139. 
Bailey, F. M., 163. 
Bailey, .1., 79. 
Bailhache, 117. 
Bajoolov, T. I.. 228. 
Baker, ('. F., 89. 
Baker, K. T., 37, 163. 
Baku, <;., 169. 
Baldassarre, S., 189. 
Balfour, I. B., 158, 161. 
Ballner, 45. . 
Ballou, H. A., 74. 
Baloux, 99. 
Bamber, M. K.,87. 
Banerji, N. N., 179. 
Bang, B. L. F., 90. 
Banryu, R. L., 17,s. 
Baptiste, .1. F., 75. 
Barba.ii., 110. 
Barber, ('. A., 179. Is:,. 
Bardsilevski, J.. 230. 
Bares, W., 55. 
Barnstein, F., 143. 
Barpi, U., 189. 
Ban au, 97. 
Barrett, T. H., 215. 
Barrillot, 105. 
Barros, G. O. de, jr., 221. 
Barrows, .1., 168. 



Bartels, 121. 
Barth, T., '-"27. 
Bartlett, A. W., 73, 161. 
Bartmann, E., 112. 
Barton, W., 163, 214. 
Barts, 123. 

Bartseh (Breslau I, 12''.. 
Bartsch (Kiel), 140. 
Basehmakov, 232. 
Bassewitz, von, 134. 
Bassierre, 111. 
Batehvaroff, N„ 80. 
Bauerlen, W., 37. 
Baumann, A., 145. 
Baumert, G., 135. 
Beal, W. H.,2. 
Beck, J.,»163, 180. 
Beckett, J. W., 73. 
Bedford, S. A., 82. 
Beer, G, 148. 
Beger, G, 137. 
Behr, H., 119. 
Behre, 146. 
Behrend, 121. 
Behrens, J., 121. 
Belakehev, 225. 
Belgowski. I. V., 235. 
Bell, G., 165. 
Bellucci, <;., 192. 
Belrupt, 45. 
Beneschovsky, A.. 47. 
Bengen, F. M., 130. 
Bennieh, C. H. H., 2is. 
Benson, G, 179. 
Bente, F., 131. 
Bergenholtz, W. A.. 252. 
Berghe, J. van den. 68. 
Bergstrand, J. O., 2">7. 
Berlese, A. i Florence i, 186. 
Berlese, A. i Portici), is?. 
Bernays, L. A.. 38. 
Bernhout, J. M., 201. 
Bernstein, 127. 
Berry, G., 165.. 
Berry, K. A.. 155. 
Bersch, \\\. 59. 
Bertainchaud, E., 264. 
Berthault. 102. 
BeHheh.1, 107. 

Berthoud, G. F., 44. 
Bertoni, M. s., 220. 
Bertrand, 117. 
Besana. ('.. 187, 
Beseler, 132. 

205 



266 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Besnard, J., vs. 
Betche, E., 36. 
Bethune, J., 68. 
Bexelius, K. !•:.. 267. 
Bialon, 126. 
Bichichin, 237. 
Bieler, 134. 
Biffen, R. H.. 155. 
Bigelow, J. W., 85. 
Bijlert, A. van. 202. 
Bijoux, F., 163, 204. 
Bilderling, N. A. von, 233. 
Billier, M., 101. 
Billon, ( '.. 95. 
Biondrek, B., 61. 
Bischkopf, 136. 
Bischofswerder, N. N., r_'4. 
Bishop, G. A., 161. 
Biver, A.. 203. 
Blaekman, J., 7s. 
Blackshaw, J. F., 164. 
Blaeze, M. von, 234. 
Blair, W. S., 82. 
Blanek, 139. 
Blau. A.. 60. 
Blinnikov. G., 242. 
Blondel, R., 108. 
Blore, B., 160. 
Bloxsome, G. \V., 167. 
Bluruel, 126. 
Blumfeld, F. von, 45. 
Blundell, E., 156. 
Blunno, M., 35. 
Bobierre, A.. 109. 
Bode (Berlin), 121. 
Bode ( Halle i, 135. 
Boehm, K., 132. 
Boekhout, F. W. J., 2ns. 
Boemer, A., I4f>. 
Bogdan, V. S., 243. 
Bohme, 140. 
Bohmerle, C, 51. 
Bolin, P., 257. 
Bolla, J. J., 32. 
Bolliger, K., 71. 
Boname, P., 204. 
Bi ingough, J., 61. 
Bomietat, M., 114. 

Bonnier, G., 102. 
Bonniger, L., 139. 

B sma, \v. <;., 201. 

Bordage, E., 222. 
Bordiga, <•., 189. 
Borg, .1., 203. 
Bi irman, 127. 
Borner, 1-:;. 
Borntrager, A.. L88. 

BOS, A.. I'll. 

Bos, .1. Ritzema, 207, 212. 
Bottcher, 0., 1 1::. 
Botticher, L32 
Boucher, 215. 
Boulongne, in;;. 
Bouman, A., jr.. 212. 
Bourdon, I.., n 3. 

Ois, A., ins. 

Bourlaj , 1: 



Bourne, A. <;.. 1(13. 180. 

Bovell, .1. R., 75, 162. 

Bragato, 215. 

Hralnn, ('., 122. 

Branch, G. F., 75. 

Brand, .1.. 111. 

Brandi, 106. 

Brandsch, !■:.. >0. 

Braun, 99. 

Braun, K., 137. 

Braun, R., 138. 

Breda de Haan, ,T. van, 201. 

Bredenberg, G. A.. 235 

Brehmer, 142. 

Bretigniere, 102. 

Brew, E. A., 152. 

Brick, C, 136. 

Brinkman, C. R., 211. 

Briosi, G., 188. 

Brioux, C. J. B., 95. 

Briscoe, J., 77, L62. 

Broadway, W. E., 76, 162. 

Broman, J. F., 254. 

Brooks. <;. B., 39. 

Brouet. G., 103. 

Brown, B. L., 153. 

Bruchori, 96. 

Bruggen, B. M. van der, CI. 

Bruijning, F. F., jr., 209. 

Brunaud, 100. 

Brunnemann, C, 71. 

Brunnmayr, H., 45. 

Bruno, 98. 

Bruno, P., 135. 

Brutel de la Riviere, J. .1., 201. 

Bryan, G. H„ 154. 

Bubak, F., 54. 

Bvicheler, M., 150. 

Buchwald, T., 12_'. 

Buckmire, E., 78. 

Budahary, E. von., 170, 172. 

Budrin, P. V., 235. 

Bufleb, 123. 

Buhlert, 135. 

Buhlert, H., 142. 

Bukovansky, 4'.. 16. 

Bulkeley, J. A.. :;:.. 

Bull. B. W., L56. 

Bunting, W. II.. 84. 

Burchard, 0., 136. 

Burder, R. E. <'., 165. 

Burr, 140. 

Bussard, I... 113. 

Butler, I 1 >9 

Butler, I;., 41. 

Buttenshaw, W. 1;.. 74. 

Butterworth, K. M. «'.. 159. 

Biittner, C, 222. 

Buzzacott, w.. 72. 161. 

1 lalear, P. < '. van, 212. 
1 laluwe, l'. de, 65. 
Cameron, .1., 163, 176. 
Camfield, .1. 11,. 36. 
Tamilian, .1. 1'. M.. 210. 
Campanile, !■'., 189. 
Campbell, E. .1. K.. 7::, 161. 



Campbell, J., 77. 162. 
Campbell, W. S., 35. 
Carey, .W., 177. 
Carimentran, F. I''... 95. 
Carno, A. <;., 71. 
< larpiaux, E., 63. 
Carre\ 103. 

Carruthers, 4. B., 87. 
Carruthers, \\'., 166. 
Carstens, 125, 
Carter, F. W. B.. 73. 
Casal, M. V., 32. 
Casoria, E., 192. 
Cassez, E., 108. 
Castelein, R., 68. 
Castille, 68. 
Castillo, D. del. 32. 
Caston, <;. C, 85. 
Catani, G., 53. 
Cave, G. H., 162, 177. 
Cave, 4'. W., 168. 
Chabert, F., 107. 
Challis, E. O.. 211... 
Chalot, 111. 
Chapins, loi. 
Chappaz, 99. 
Charlton, J. R., 214. 
Chataignier, M., 117. 
Chatel, L., 111. 222. 
( lhaussin, 101. 
Chauzit, B., 110. 
Chaves, 4. R., 32. 
Cherbakov, M. F.. 231. 
Chipman, B. \V.. 85, 86. 
Chittenden, F. 4.. L56. 
Chmielewski, Z., 47. 
rhodounsky, F., 55. 
Chomski, 231. 
Chowbe, B. I». Prosad, 181. 
Chuard, E.. 258. 
Chubkov, E.. 237. 
Chubkov, S., 240. 
Cieslar, A., 51. 
Claassen, C. II.. 211,213. 
Claes, 1'.. 67. 
Clark. W.,83. 
Clarke, (i., 150. 

Claterbos, J.C.vonWeydom, 211. 

Clifton, E., 214,215. 

Cligny, 97. 

Cobb, G., 33. 

Cocks, J. I ., L68. 

Coelho, S., 221. 

Collins. G. 4'.. 42. 
Collins. S. II.. 105. 

Colomb-Pradel, !•:.. 108. 

Comes, <>., lso. 

i !ommelin-Scholten, W. 207. 

Concha, II.. 88. 

Cook, M. 4'., so. 

Corenw inder, 105. 

Cornalba, G., 187. 

Cornu, A., mo. 

Corten, F. R., 211. 

Coutte, 115. 

Couturier, 105. 

Coventry, B., L82. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



267 



Cradwick, W., 77. 
Cranfield, H. T., 156. 
Crawford, A., 43. 
Creelman, G. C, 83,84. 
Crispo, D., 62. 
Crochetelle, J., 105. 
Croesen, V. R. Y., 211. 
Crosby, D. J., 2. 
Crowther, C, 165. 
Cruz, F., 89. 
Cserhati, A., 173. 
Cuboni, G., 190. 
Cucovieh, G. B., 53. 
( luenot, L. 108. 
Cugini, G., 187. 
Cumming, M., 83. 
Currey, C., 86. 
Curtis, C, 164. 
Cussen, C, 214. 
Cuthbertson, J., 158. 
Czadek, O. von, 59. 
Czaja, J., 51. 
Czak, J. 51. 
Czak6, B. von, 170,172. 

Dabat, 102. 
Dafert, T. W., 45. 
Daikuhara, G., 196. 
Datta, D., 183. 
Daubree, 93. 
Havel, R. J., 32. 
Davies, H. J., 103, 176. 
Davis, R. A., 263. 
Davison, A. G., 86. 
Davy, J. B., 263. 
Day, G. E., 83. 
Deadman, S., 168. 
Dean, H. H., 83. 
Debono, F., 163, 204. 
Deegener, II., 139. 
Degen, A., 170. 
De Gironcourt, 115. 
Dehn, X. von, 245. 
Dehnicke, 121. 
Deinhardt, 121. 
Delacroix, G., 113. 
Delafoy, 99. 
Delattre, 94. 
Delaude, D., 63. 
Delaye, 95. 
Delbriick, M., 121. 
Demonchy, P., 201. 
Dempsey, W. H., 85. 
Dempwolff, 125. 
Dennissenko, K. J., 225. 
Densch, 147. 
Densow, M., 138. 
Deranyi, I., 168. 
Derham, F. T., 42. 
Derry, R., 16:3. 
Deslanrtes, 111. 
Desprez, F., 98, 99. 
Desprez, G., 98. 
Deucher, A., 258. 
Devarda, A., 47. 
Devel, M., 243. 
Deventer, M. van, 202. 



Diakonov, H., 226. 

Dickel, O., 137. 

Diener, M., 262. 

Dieudonne, P., 108. 

D'Ippolito, G., 187. 

Disselhorst, 135. 

Dittmer, G., 129. 

Dmitriev, 229. 

Dmitrievski, W. A., 228. 

Dobbie, J. J., 154. 

Dobrinine, 226. 

Doctor, J. M., 176. 

Doeprnann, F., 139. 

Doherty, M. W., 83. 

Donath, H. G.,173. 

Donoghue, F., 78. 

Dons, V., 216. 

Dopwell, J. B., 78. 

Dore, F.W., 205. 

Dorph-Petersen, K., 91. 

Dorronsoro, A., 247. 

D irsch, R., 129. 

Dougherty, F. K., 83. 

Dowers, A. W., 76. 

Drude, O., 130. 

Drury, E. C, 84. 

Dryden, J., 83. 

Dubard, M., 111. 

Dubernard, A., 105. 

Dubey, B. Lai, L80. 

Dude, M., 148. 

Dudy, 125. 

Duffus, E. G., 12. 

Dufour, 102. 

Dugast, J., 31. 

Duharnel, 117. 

Duncan, T. Y., 213. 

Dunstan, M. J. R.. 164. 166, L68. 

Duplessis, 112. 

Dupont, 102. 

Dupont, R., 164. 

Dupre, F., 192. 

Dupuy, 103. 

Dupuy, J., 93. 

Dusserre, ('., 258. 

Duthie, J. F., 163. 

Duval, 101. 

Dybciwski, J., 111. 

Dyer, A. D., 78. 

Dymond, T., 156. 

Dynin, 224. 

Earle, F. S., 89. 
Easterby, H. T., 40. 
Eastham, J. W., 160. 
Eber, W., 142. 
Eberlein, 121. 
Ebertz, A., 137. 
Echard, 94. 

Eckenbreeher. von, 121. 
Edgar, J. S., 41, 164. . 
Killer, 138. 
Edwards, A., 204. 
Edwards, W., 153. 
Edwards, \V. T. A., 204. 
Eggertz, C. G.. 249. 
Ehrenstein, K., 133. 



Ehrlich, 123. 
Ehrmann, C, 59. 
Eiehmann, A., 258. 
Einecke, A., 126. 
Eisner, V., 146. 
Eldau, E., 138. 
Ellenberger, 130. 
Elliott, T. H., 152. 
EUroth, 121. 
Elma, J., 210. 
Elofson, A., 255. 
Elot, 111. 

Emmerling, A., 139. 
Enchell, K., 235. 
Enescu, J., 223. 
Enfiadzianetz, 240. 
Engelhardt, A. N., 226. 
Engels, 14.s. 
Engels, O., 143. 
English, E. W. F., 73. 
Enko, 241. 
Erben, T., 57. 
Ericsson, M., 254. 
Eriksson, J., 249,257. 
Ermant, 103. 
Eschmann, J. C. 261. 
Esse, 111. 
Essen, A. W., 250. 
Esteve, 111. 
Estoppey, A., 126. 
Estrada, F. A., 247. 
Etienne, 113. 
Eugling, W., 45. 
Evans, A. E., 152. 
Evans, F. J., 79. 
Evans, G., 154. 
Evans, J., 160. 
Evans, L. A., 42. 
Evans, W. H., 2. 
Ewald, G., 61. 
Ewert, R., 147. 



Fabinyi, 173. 
Fabre, 116. 
Faes, H., 258. 
Fagan, T. W., 165. 
Falke, F., 142. 
Fallada, O., 60. 
Fallot, 97. 
Faltin, A., 174. 
Fander, 127. 
Farquhar, J. H. J., 165. 
Farsky, F., 57. 
Fascetti, <;., 186. 
Fassbender, G., 139. 
Fauchere. 203. 
Fauth, I2s. 
Fawcett, W., 76, 162. 
Felirmann, 121. 
Feilitzen, H. von, 251. 
Ferguson, H. S., 163, 184. 
Ferrein, W. K., 234. 
Fevre, P., 95. 
Fhenkel, 231. 
Fingerling, A., 143. 
Fingerling, G., 137. 



268 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Finlayson, P.. L59. 
Fischer, 135. 
Fischler, 121. 

Fisher, S. A., SO, 81. 
Fishlock, W. C, T'j. 162. 
Fjord, N. J., 27, 90, 91. 
Flammarion, C, 103. 
Fleischer, M., 125. 
Fleischmann, W., 133. 
Fletcher, J., 81. 
Foaden, G. P., 93. 
Fockema, R. S., 212. 
Fokin, F., 236. 
Ford, C, 162. 
Forster, ()., 128. 
Forsyth, W., 36. 
Foster, H. G., 163. 
Full i. 121. 

Foulkes, I'. H.. 165. 
Fourrey, 98. 
Fox, W., 217, 248. 
France, R., 174. 
Frank, 126. 
Frankel, K.. lis. 
Frankfurt, S., 232. 
Freckmann, Y\\. 133. 
Freear, II. M., 154. 
Freier, von, 122. 
Frese, H., 134. 
Fresenius, H.. 151. 
Fresenius, R., 140. 
Freudenreieh, E. von. 260. 
Freudl, E., 60. 
Freyer, F., 59. 
Friaut, 116. 
Friedrich, .1., 51. 
Fries, L., 262. 
F"rhs, F., 90. 
Frost, J., 141. 
Fruwirth, C, 137. 
Fujie, K., 199. 
Fujine, Y., 199. 
Fiilberth, 135. 
Fuller, C, 205. 
Fuller, F. L., 85. 

G&bel, W., 143. 
Gagin, 229. 
Gaillot, L., 103. 
Gain, E., 108. 
Galli, E., L89. 
Gamble, W. P, 83. 
Gammie, G. A., 163, 182. 
Ganzenmtiller, L50. 
Garola, C. V.. 99. 
Garratt, .1.. L68. 
Garraway, I'. \'., 73. 

id, mi;. 
Gaudechon, 107. 

tayand, 116. 
< rayon, r.. '.»;. 
Gazzari, A.. 56. 

rebhardt, K., 149. 
Gedroiz, K.. 240. 

■". lis. 

Geisthoff, (i.. 12;;. 
Gendre, 109. 



Gentilliez, 103. 

Gerlach, 147. 

Gerlach, M., 147. 

Ghelyi, E., 175. 

Giannetti, O., 191, 193. 

Gibb, G., 163, 2l.\ 

Gibson, A. .1.. 38. 

Giglioli, 1., 190. 

Gilbert, A. G., si. 

Gilchrist, P. A.. 165. 

Gilchrist, J. P. F.. 86. 

Gill, X., 163, 177. 

Gill, T. P., 157. 

(inlanders, A. T., 165. 

Gillanders, F., 215. 

Gillhaussen, von. 122. 

( riovanelli, de, 45. 

Gironcourt, de. 115. 

Gisseleire, A. J. B., 177. 

Giusti, V., 186. 

Glasenap, s. P. von, 233. 

Gliier, 140. 

Gmelin, H. M., 210. 

Goerbing, .1.. 12s. 

Gohlert, V., 47. 

Goldflussowna, M., 50. 

Goldiner, F., 121. 

Golding, .1., 164. 

Golf, A., 125. 

Gollan, W., 16;;. is;;. 

Good, W. E., 83. 

Goodchild, J., 155. 

( roodman, J., 165. 

Goring, W., 167. 

Gorman, C. H.. 34. 

Gosch, .1.. 140. 

Goslich, W., 121. 

Gossel, F., 143. 

Gottsch, II., 148. 

Gottschke, O., 127. 

Gouirand, 100. 

Gourret, 101. 

Grabner, E., 173. 

Grachev, M., 240. 

Graftiau, J., 67. 

Graham. W. R.. 83, 84. 

Gram, II. C. 1 >.. 89. 

Gramatica, K. von. 56. 

Grandeau, IP, 23. 

Grandeau, 1... 23, 24, 93, 94, 108, 

112, 114. 
Grandicha, 264. 
Grandvoinnet, P. ., 98. 
Grass, von, 122. 
Gray, G., 211. 
< rreber, 227. 
Green, E. E., 87. 
Green, W. C, 37. 
Greenacre, B. W., 205. 
Gregg, 11., 218. 
( [regoire, A.. 63. 
Grete, E. A.. 262. 
Grevillras, A. Y.. 139. 
Gridin, S. 1'.. 221;. 
Griell, K., 174. 
Grien, 1 L5. 
Griessen, A. E. P., 163, L75. 



Grimley, E., 38, 164. 
Grimm, M., 239. 
Grisdale, .1. P.. si. 
Grobler, W., 134. 
( rrosse, 121. 
Grosser, w., 126. 
Grote, l:;;;. 
1 i roves. A., 162. 
Gruber, 1 10. 
Griissner, 135. 
Guilfoyle,W. R.. 43, nil. 
Guillochon, P., Ill, 261. 
Guillon, J. M., KiO. 
Guinon, 99. 
Gully, P.. 145. 
Gtinther, 137. 
Gurney, F. H., 39. 
Gutmann, 137. 
Gutzeit, E., 142. 
(ivozdenovic, P., 47. 
Gyarfas, J., 173. 
Gyllenbrook, F. G., 255. 

Haack, 121. 
Haas, 132. 
Hadders, J., 212. 
Hadi, S. M., 17s. 
Haffner, 111. 
Hagemann, O., 124. 
Hagen, M., 120. 
Haines, A. H. J.. 167. 
Haken, M. von. 23s. 
Halenke, A., lis. 
Hall, A. I>.. 160. 
Hall, C. J. J. von, 207. 
Halla, A.. 59. 
Hallay. M.. 238. 
Hals, S., 218; 
Halstead, E. \\ .. 89. 
Hamaguchi, T., 196. 
Hamakawa, P, 196. 
Hamann. <;., 129. 
Hamerak, R., 51. 
Hamilton, ,P, 2. 
Hammar, A., 72. 
Hammar, S., 255. 
Hammond, H. S., 77. 
Hanamann. J., 50. 
Haners, 132. 
Hankoezy, E. von, 173. 
Hanow. 121. 
Hansen , \. .1.. 93. 
Hansen, E. ('.. 92. 
Hansen, K.. 92. 
Hansen. (>., 89. 
Hanusch, P. X.. 52. 
Happich, K., 227. 
Harcourt, 1;.. 83. 
Hardy, E. <;., 156. 
Harnoth, 1 12. 
Harpe, von. 215. 
Harper-Adams, T., 165. 
Harris. T. .1., 76, 77. 162. 
Harris, \\\, 76, 77 162. 
Harrison, F. C, 83. 
Harrison, .1. B., 7;;. 
Hart, J. P., 79, L62. 



INDEX <>F NAMES. 



269 



Hai'tl. K.. 170. 
Harwood, G., 36. 
Haselhoff, E., 143. 
Hasenbaumer, 140. 
Hasselman, H. D. S., 210. 
Hatano. Y., 194. 
Haunalter, E. von. 60. 
Haura, 99. 
Ilaussding, F., 128. 
Have. J. van der, 212. 
Havelka, C, 55. 
Hawkesworth, A., 33. 
Haydon, R. W., 165. 
Hayduck, 121. 
Hayes, G.. 164. 
Ilayman, .1. M., 187. 
Haynes, W., 79. 
Hazard, J., 143. 
Hazeloop, H. G., 211. 
Hazeloop, J. G.. 212. 
Hazewinkel, J. J., 202. 
Hebebrand, A., 143. 
Hecke, L., 59. 
Hecker, A., 125. 
Hecker, H., 124. 
Hegyi, IX, 171. 
Heide, von der, 121. 
Hejn, H. G., 103, 179. 
Heinrich, R., 148. 
Heinze, B., 131. 
Heinzelman, S. < !., 121. 

II. '1.1, .1.. 201. 

Hellriegel, 124. 
Hellstrom, E., 25:;. 
Hellstrom, P., 253. 
Hempel, A., 71. 
Hemsley, W. B.. 101. 
Hendriek, J., 63. 
Ilenkel, T., 150. 
Henneberg, 121. 
Henneberg, W., 132. 
Hennings, R. T., 257. 
Henriksson, K.. 254. 
Henriques, V.. 90. 
Henry, E., t08. 
Hensele, J. A., 145. 
Hensen, A., 137. 
Hensen, F., 90. 
Henseval, M., 64. 
Henshaw, H.. 155. 
Herczfelder, A. D.,170. 
Herfeldt, E., 124. 
Herold.C, 140. 
Herrmann (Miss), 134. 
Herwig, 125. 
Herzber.ir. I'.. 120. 
Herzfeld, A.. 123. 
Herzog, A., 148. 
Hesse, l:'. 1. 
Heuberger, 259. 
Heyl, J. VV., 201. 
Heyman, W., 253. 
Hilborn. W. W.. 85. 
Hildebrandt, 121. 
Hillier, .1. M., 161. 
Hiltner, L., 145. 
Hinriehs, 121. 



Hippel, 140. 
Hittcher, K., 140. 
Hodgetts, 1'. \V., S3. 
Hofer, C, 261. 
Hofer, J., 201. 
Hoffmann, 121. . 
Hoffmann, H., 127. 
Hoffmann, J. F., L21. 
Hoffmeister, C, 5s. 
Hoffrueister, W., 138. 
Hoflich, 150. 
Holt, H., 140. 
Hogarth, T.. 12. 
Hog bom, J. E., 254. 
Hogg, S. A., 34. 
Hogg, W. H., 154. 
Hogvall, K., 257. 
Hohl, J.. 260. 
Hojesky, J., 60. 
Holbrook. F. T.. 168. 
Holdefleiss, P., 135. 
Holdmeier, H., 146'. 
Holldack. 142. 
Holleul'er, 123. 
Hollrung, M..135. 
Holmgren, A. E., 248. 
Holtze, M., 41, 164. 
Holtze, X., 41, 164. 
Honda, I.. 198. 
Honningstad, A.. 216. 
Hooker, J., 74. 
Hooper, W. B., 43. 
Hoppe, E., 59. 
Hon, S., 194. 
Home, W. T., 89. 
Homez, 93. 
Horny, G, 48. 
Horrell, E. C, 150. 
Hoshino, K..190. 
Hosking, W., 205. 
Hossbach, H., 139. 
Hosslin, A. von, 120. 
Hotter, E-, l.s. 
Houdet, 105. 
Houzeau, A., 115. 
Howard, A., 168. 
Howell, A. (.;., 74. 
Hudson, G. S., 78. 
Huggard, R. L., 85. 
Hugon, 263, 204. 
Hugnes, 110. 
Hugues, E., 110. 
Huisman, J. J., 211. 
Huizenga. H. E., 210. 
Hulander, <»., 257. 
Huppenthal, K., 47. 
Hurdelbrink, 140. 
Huss, 137. 
Hutcheon, D., 86. 

Ilutt, II. I... S3, 84. 
Hyde, D.D.,214. 
Hylkema. H. B., 211. 
Hyne, S., 36. 

Ibuki, Y.. 198. 
Iggeno, 140. 
Ihle, 147. 



[mmendorff, II., 138. 
Ingle, H., 263. 
Insulander, I., 257. 
Interzenka-Morgenstern, F. von. 

148. 
lonov. S., 226. 
Isernhagen, 140. 
Ishii, T., 196. 
Issachenko, B. I... 239. 
[ssouribehere, P. J., 32. 
Iyer. A. K. Y. N., 180. 
Iyer, K., 180. 

Jablonovsky. J., 169. 
Jacky, E., 259. 
Jacobs, 1!.. 159. 
Jaggli, 259. 

Jagt, H. A. G. van der, 202. 
Jahns, 132, 133. 
James, Q. E., 177. 
James, YW, 156. 
Jameson, 43. 
Jamieson, T., 153. 
Janka, G., 51. 
Janovski, B. von, 50. 
Jarrott, R., 40. 
Jarvis, T. D., 83. 
Jenart, P., 99. 
Jenlin. 97. 
Jensen, C. O., 90. 
Jensen, O., 200. 
Johannesson, F., 257. 
Johannsen, W., 92. 
John, 131. 
Johnson, C, 251. 
Jolmson, D., 77. 
Johnson, W. H., 152, 162. 
Johnston, C. E.. 2. 
Johnston, S. J., 37. 
Jolly, 101. 
Joly, 111. 
Jones, A. E., 153. 
Jones, C. B., 165. 
Jours, E. T.. 154. 

.1 OIK'S. II.. 85. 

o nes, J. ( Australia |, 36. 
Jones, J. (British West Indies), 

75, 102. 
Jiinsson, B.. 253. 
Jordan, A. J., 77, 102. 
Joshi, R. S., L80, 181. 
Jossa, X. A., 223. 
Jovino, S., 190. 
Juhass, A., 170. 172. 
Juncker, M., 139. 
Jungner, 1 17. 
Juritz, C. F., 86. 

Kablechkoff, A., SO. 
Kakebeeke, I. G. J., 210. 
Kalb, <■.. L33. 
Kallay, O., 171. 
Kainliersky. < >.. 58. 
Kamerling, /... 202. 
Kanetkar, P. S., 102. 182. 
Kantelberg, 132. 
Karabetov. A., 237. 



270 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Kariakim, ]'».. 239. 

Karoly, R., 169. 

Karpinski, A., 46. 

Karstrom, G., 262. 

Kaufmann, F., 268. 

Kaufmann, W. P., 73. 

Kavli, A., 218. 

Kay. A., 156. 

Kaye, E. P., 165. 

Kayser, E., 113. 

Kazy. .1.. L69. 

Keeble, F., 166. 

Keess, W., 183. 

Keil, 121. 

Kelhofer, W., 261. 

Kellner, O., 143. 

Kendall, P. F., 165. 

Kennedy, W. A., 163, 205. 

Kensington, N., 215. 

Keppner, T. T., 231. 

Kem, J. ; 139. 

Kerpely, K., 171. 

Kersey. H. W., 168 

Kharitonenko, P. 1.. 225. 

Kbelkhovski, s. 'I'.. 238. 

Khomiakov, N., 226. 

Kicki, K., 241. 

Kidd, J., 32. 

Kimberg, G. A. V.. 255. 

Kineh, E., 156. 

Kinross, 1. 1., 34. 

Kinsella, J. A., 263. 

Kirehner, O., 137. 

Kirchner, R., 126. 

Kirehner, \V., 142. 

Kirsten, A., 146. 

Kiticsan, Z., 170. 

Kitt. A., 261. 

Kiyoura, K., 193. 

Klaiber, A., 137. 

Klaudi, J.. 54. 

Klee, 138. 

Kleernan, A., 149. 

Klein. J., 147. 

Klein, O., 221. 

Kleman, F., 227. 

Klenze, W. von, 45. 

Klien, G., 111. 

Klinek, L. S., 84. 

Kling. M., 148. 

Knirim, von. 239. 

Knoetseh, 147. 

Knurr, 142. 

Knuttel, D., 209. 

Kobns, .1. 1>., 202. 

Kodama, S., 196. 

Koenen, S., 211. 

Koert, L. .1. M., 211. 

Kohler, 122. 

Ki'ihler, A. i Konigsberg i, 141. 

Kohicr. a. i Slockern i, 1 13. 

Kohlert, E., 56. 

Kohlrausch, 0., 60. 

Kolesniko^ . 

Kdllar, A..I 

Komers, K., 60. 

K.mek. F., 170. 



Konig, (i., 123. 
Konig, J., 1 16, 
Koningsberger, J. ('., 201. 
Konuki, 8., 194. 
Konyoki, A., 172. 
Koorders, 8. II., 201. 
Koretneu. 228. 
Kornauth, K., 59. 
Kornev, G., 228. 
Korolev, V. P., 236. 
Kosinski, I., 226. 
Kossarev, S. H.. 241. 
Kossovich, P. S., 240. 
Koster, A.. 21:;. 
Kostler, G., 261. 
Kosutany, T.. 170. 
Kotelnikov, X. 1... 231, 
Kothergin, 243. 
Kourimsky, I,., 50, 
Kozai, Y., 194. 
Kozeschnik, F., 47. 
Kramer, E., 49. 
Kramers, J. G„ 201. 
Kramszky, L., 170. 
Krandauer, 150. 
Krannieh, 126. 
Krasinski, L.. 245. 
Krans, 150. 
Kraus, C, 144. 
Kraut, II., 143. 
Kreiss, 141. 
Krenz, 147. 
Kretehmer, F., 124. 
Krilov, 238. 
Krisehe, 142. 
Krishnayya, H. V., 180. 
Kroemer, K., 132. 
Krolopp, H., 173. 
Kroner, E., 117. 
Krug, O.. lis. 
Kriiger 1 Berlin), 123. 
Kriiger ( Fulda 1, 131. 
Kriiger (Gottingen), 132. 
Kriiger, F., 148. 
Kriiger, R., 129. 
Kriiger, \V., 1:; 1. 
Krumbiegel, G. II., L63, 176. 
Kiihn, 141. 
Kiibn, .1.. 135. 
Knijvenlinven. K., 213. 
Kulbach, K.. 227. 
Knliseh, P.. L28, 
Kiillenberg, 12s. 
Kummer, \V., 261. 
Knmnier, \V. <;.. 121. 
Kundrat. F., 5;;. 
Kunl/e, 1... I 
Kunze, P.. 129. 
Kuriyama, K.. L96. 
Kutzleb, V., 126. 117. 
Kuwana, s. I., 194. 
Kyas, 11.. 16. 

La horde. '.17. 
Lacassagne, 117. 

l.aer. von, 1 16. 
Lai'ontuinc. llu. 



Lagatu. H., 108. 
Lagrange, G., 103. 
Laidet, A., 109. 
Lambert, F., L07. 
Lampa, S., 248. 
Lancaster. 1'.. 162, 177. 
Lang, B. M. K.. 201, 
Lang, C. E. F., 201. 
Lang, YV., 129. 
Lange, 229. 
Lange, II., 121. 
Langie, ('. vim, 50. 
Langworthy, C. F., 2. 
Lanyi, K., 171. 
Lapchin, 106. 
Larsen, B. P., 216. 
Larsen, .1. <'.. 92. 
Larsson, K., 254. 
Laschke, W., 128. 
Laubert, 123. 
Lauterwald, F., 140. 
Laverdet, 264. 
Lavoine, L.. in:'.. 
Lavves, J. B.. 160. 
Lawrence, H. S., 182, 184. 
Lawrence, W. T.. 166. 
Law sun, II. W., 2. 
Lazzari, A., 190. 
Lehedev. L. K., 223. 
Lebedev, S., 213. 
Lebrun, 113. 
Lecbartier, 115. 
Leclezio, II.. 201. 
Ledien, 130. 

Leendertz, .1.. 210, 211, 213. 
Lefebvre, M.. 10:;. 
Lefeuvre, L06. 
Le Feuvre, 1:. 1.. 88. 
Lefort, 91. 
Legat. ('. L.. 263. 
Lehmann, A., ISO. 
Lehmann, F., 132. 
Leizour, II.. KM. 
Lejeunne, R.. 204. 
Lejonhjelm, A., 252. 
Lelny, M., 96. 
Lemcke. 1 16, 
Lemcke, A.. Ml. 
Leniee. ('.. 32. 
Lemmennann. O., 138. 
Lemoyne, J. M.. 83. 
Lenin, S. II., 223. 
Leonardi, G., 189, 190. 
Lepiney, 26 1. 
Leslie, \\\, 79, 
Lesnevski, 232. 
Letellier, 103. 
I.e\ ie, A., 164, 
Levien, .1. F., 43. 
Lew is, .1., 86. 
Lew ton-Brain, L. 1 
Key, 128. 

Liaehovezki, N., 241. 
Liacbovezki, A. A.. 212. 
Liburnau, R. von, 5], 
l.iliutli, D„ 53. 
Liehhart, M., 171. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



271 



Liechti, P., 259. 
Liedholm, C. W., 252. 
Lillie, C. 0., 214. 
Linard, 115. 
Lind, G. H., 219. 
Lindemann, O., 140. 
Lindner, P., 121. 
Linhart, <;.. 170, 174. 
Linney, A., 102. 
Lintner, C. J., 144. 
Lips, B., 210. 
Liring, 237. 
Lnbb, W. .1., 42. 

Lobler, M., 261. 
Locer, A., 261. 
Lochhead, W., 83, 84. 
Lock. R. II., 87. 
Locke, G. T., 156. 
Loeusteanu, A. J., 223. 
Lofgren, A.. 72. 
Loges, G.. 146. 
Logischen, 147. 
Loisel, 103. 

Lomonosov, I'. M., 232. 
Loos, 121. 
Lopez. E.. 247. 
Lord, X., 79. 
Lorenz, N., 51. 
Lorey, von, 150. 
Lossen, 137. 
Lossev, l'.. 240. 
Lossonczy, E., 170. 
Losy, L. 169. 
Lothner, E., 224. 
Louise, M., 98. 
Loukianov, R., 236. 
Lounsbury, C. P.. 86. 
Loveiko, V., 226. 
Lowrie, W., 214. 
Lozeron, 128. 
Luc, 111, US. 
Luckhurst, E.. 164. 
Lucks, R., 128. 
Luecke, 143. 

Lnehmann, .4. G., 13. 164. 
Luff, 150. 

Lugner, I. H., 251. 
Liihder, 121. 
Lunden, ('. A., 255. 
Lundgaard, H.. 217. 
Lutz, F.. 170. 
Lyne, R. X.. 72, 161. 
Lyttkens, E., 251. 

Maas, 121. 
Maas, H.. 125. 
Maassen, 123. 
MacDemiott, P. D.. 86. 
MacDonald, \\\, 263. 
Mace, E., Ins 
Mach, F., 143. 
Mackay, A., 82. 
Mackenzie, K. J. J.. 168. 
MacMahon, P., 37. 
Macoun, J., 85, 162, 
Macoun, W. T.. 81. 
MacOwan, P.. 86, 87, 162. 



Macpherson, D., 39. 

Magalhaes, A., 222. 

Magalhaes, A. de, 222. 

Magnus, 141. 

Mahaluxmivala, C. D., 162, 176. 

Mahon, J., 39. 

Maiden, J. H., 36, 163. 

Maissen, P., 187. 

Malcolm, J. G., 39. 

Malm, O., 216, 219. 

Malthouse, G. T., 165. 

Malzan, von, 148. 

Mancheron, 110. 

Mangier, G., 143. 

Mann, 128. 

Manoucheff, B., so. 

Mansholt, .1. H., 210. 

Manuel, P., 160. 

Marcal, R. L., 221. 

Marcas, L., 64. 

Marchal, P., 112. 

Marcille, 264. 

Maries. C, 163, 178. 

Mariswamy, 180. 

Markovieh, V. V., 242. 

Marks, G., 34. 

Markus, E., 173. 

Marti, J. M., 246. 

Martin, 110. 

Martinet, (.., 259. 

Martinoli, A., 189. 

Martinoli, G., 189. 

Martinotti, F., 185. 

Martinson, J. S.. 152. 

Marx, J. P. \V., 164. 

Mashine, 229. 

Mason, T.. 84. 

Mason, W. G., 87. 

Masoni. <;., Ism. 

Masseron, 104. 

Massink, A., 201. 

Masson, C, 64. 

Massy, H. C, 79. 

Mathieu, L., 95. 

Matsunaga, G., 198. 

Matthes, 121. 

Matthews, A., 156. 

Matthews, J., 16). 

Matz, 146. 

Maung S.\ 1st. 

Maxwell, W., 38. 

Mayer, 146. 

Mayer. A., 209. 

Mayer, E., 171. 

Mayer, T., 145. 

Mayo, X. S.. 89. 

Mazuriez, 103. 

McAlpine, A., 158. 

McBean, J., 163, 214. 

McCalla, <;. B., 83. 

MeClellan, J. B., 156. 

McClounie, J., 161. 

McDonald. A.C., 263. 

McDonald, J., 158. 

McDonald, L., 34. 

McKwen, J.. 36. 

McGrath, •'., 39. 



McKeown, G. M., 34. 
McLean, P. (British West In- 
dies), 79. 
McLean, P. (Australia), 37. 
McMahon, P., 163. 
McMillan, H. F., 87. 162. 
Meek, A., 165. 
Meerstiidter, 129. 
Mehta, P. R., 182, 184. 
Meissner, G., 128. 
Meissner, R., 150. 
Melvar, T., 218. 
Mendoza, J. H. de, 247. 
Menkhaus, 125. 
Menozzi, A., 187. 
Mentz, A., 90. 
Mentz, H., 138. 
Mentzel, R.. 135. 
Menzio, C, 185. 
Mercier, 66. 
Mesdag, J., 211. 
Metzger, 129. 
Metzner, H., 144. \ 
Meyer, D., 134. / 
Meyer, W., 120. 
Meyssel, 110. 
Miall, L. C, 165. 
Michael, D., 88, 162. ) 
Michalowski, J., 137. 
Michelet, E. J., 220. 
Middelburg, E.. 212. 
Middleton, T. H., 155. 
Millen, H., 79, 162. 
Miller, X. H.J.. 160. 
Milliau, E., 106. 
Mills, J., 84. 
Milon, M., 96. 
Milore, F., 189. 
Mingioli, E., 189. 
Minssen, H., 125. 
Mitchell, J., 38. 
Mitchell, J. G., 85. 
Mohr, 121. 
Mohr, E. C. J., 201. 
Molinari, de. 66. 
Moller, E., 146. 
Moller, W., 139. 
Mdller-Holst, E., 91. 
Monaco, E., 189. 
Montanari, C, 189. 
Montanari, M., 189. 
Monteith, X., 84. 
Moodaliar. C. T., 179. 
Moore, F. W., 159, 161. 
Moore, J. (.'.. 78, 162. 
Moreland, W. H.. 178, 179. 
Morgen, A., 137. 
Moritz, 123. 
Morreau, J., 63. 
Morris, D., 74, 75. 76. 162, 
Morrison. A., 164. 
Morrissey, .T., 12. 
Moschatos, 126. 
Moskopl, C, 122. 
Mottarealc, G., 189. 
Mozzieonnaeci, G., 94. 
Miihle. K., 146. 



272 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Mukerji, D. N., 178 182. 
Mulcahy, M., 214. 
Muller (Darmstadt), 129. 
Muller (Speyer), 148. 
Muller, K.. 128. 
Mflller,' F. i Bern i. 258. 
Muller.F.i Ratti-Zellikofen ,261. 
Mailer, H. ('.. 134. 
Muller, J., 86. 
Muller. von, 148. 
Muller-Thurgau, H.. 261. 
Murray, J., 164. 
Murray. J. A., 153. 
Musson, C. i 
Muth, A.. 149. 
Muther, 133. 
Myasnikov, N., 238. 

Nachtweh, 135. 
Nagasaki, T.. 1%. 
Nakamura, T.. 196. 
Nallino, <;., 192. 
Nanninga, A. W., 201. 
Nardamoonie, J., 73, 161. 
Nash, F., 2U4. 
Natal. 96. 
Naumann, 128. 
Naumann, A.. 130. 
Nauinann, \V., 134. 
Navrotzki, V.. 236. 
Nayadu, X. V., 179. 
Xebovidsky. F.. 48. 
Neeb, A. A., 211. 
Xeild, W., 160. 
Nemm, A., 239. 
Xeomagus, J.. 213. 
Nesterov, A., 'Jjn. 
Xetik. A.. 57. 
Neubauer, H., 126. 
Neuber, J.. 58. 
Neumann, 121. 
Newport, II., 39. 
Newton, \\\, J04. 
Nickerl, '., 54. 
Nidhope, W. s. D., 158. 
Nielsen, X. I'.. '.'J. 
Nikitine, T. 1'., 223. 
Nilsson, N. 1 1 

d Ehle, X. !l.. 255. 
Xitti. F.. 189. 
Nitzchwitz, von, 126. 
Noakes, W., 167. 
Noakes (Mrs.), L67. 
Nobbe. F.. II'.'. 
Nobel, c. 211. 
Noble, N\. 2io. 
Nock, \\\. 88 
Noel, I'.. 116. 
Nollet, ill. 
Nolting, i 18. 
Nowoczek, a.. 18. 
Nuriczan, J., 174. 
Nurse, ll. a.. 79. 
Nyberg, C. W., 254. 
Nyrdle, A.. 55 
Nyssens, P., 65. 



Obarski, 147. 
Odelberg, A. T., 248. 

Odin. A.. 101. 
Ohlsen, K. S., 251. 
oka. la, K., 196. 
Okada, K. I., 196. 
i fliveras, C, 247. 
Olivier, S., 76. 
Olsen, H., 218. 
Omeis, T., 151. 
Onda, T., 194. 
Onslow, 152. 
Orr, \V. M., 84. 
Orth, 121. 
Ortiz, J. A., 32. 
Oser, E., 45. 
Oshannin, M. A., 236. 
Osment, T.. 78. 
Osterman, A., 257. 
Osterwalder, A., 261. 
< (triganiev, 226. 
Otsuka, Y., 196. 
Otto, R., 147. 
Oven, von, 147. 
Overwater, L., 212. 

Pagnoul, A.. 94. 
Pahl, C. N., 257. 
Pairault, G., 118. 
Paisnel, 98. 
Palm, E., 48. 
Palmans, L., 63. 
Palmer, 215. 
Palmer, A., 146. 
Palmer, W. J., 215. 
Palmeri, P., 189. 
Palmquist, A.G., 257. 
Panirner, G., 60. 
Pantling, R., 177. 
Paola, A. cle, 203. 
Papez, A. X., 47. 
Pardy, A.. 205. 
Parmentier, 96. 
Parow, 121. 
Pasqualini, A., 186. 
Passerini, X., 191, 193. 
Passon, M., 128. 
Pasztor. I.. 169. 
Pater, P... no. 173. 
Paton, i ;., 156. 
Patterson, \Y. H., 75, L62. 
Paturel, 100. 

Paula Aragao, K. E. de, 71. 
Paulhiac, L05. 
Paulin, 96. 

Pautinski, M. M., 231. 
Pauts, C, 238. 
Pax, V., 126. 
Peacock, R. w.. 34, 35. 
Pearson, A. X., 205. 
Peart, a. w.. 85. 
Pelichet, C, 259. 
Pelletier, L03. 
Pellier, 108. 
Penny, J. C, 38. 
Percival, J., 166. 



Pereira, A., 231. 

Pereira, A. C, 221. 

Perera, W., 88, 162. 

Perkins, A. J., 41. 

Pernot, S., in. 

Perruchot, 111. 

Pescheck, E.. 128. 

Peter, A., 261. 

Peter, von, 131. 

Peters, 12;;. 

Petersen, P., 146. 

Petit, A., 118. 

Pettersson, E., 257. 

Pettit, M., 85. 

I'ettitt. H.. 84. 

Pfeiffer, T., 126. 

Pfohl, R., 52. 

Philippe, 93. 

Philippi. 121. 

Phillips, R. VV., 154. 

Phipps, H., 182. 

Pickard, J. L., 153. 

Pickardt, 121. 

Pickering, S., 167. 

Pickett, B. S.,83. 

Piegard, 112. 

Pielak, L., 45. 

Pieres, R., 32. 

Pierre, I., 98. 

Pilz, F., 59. 

Pitt, P. M., 39. 

Pittman, E. F.. 32. 

Pizzigati, E., 186. 

Plancher. G., 192. 

Ploetz, 121. 

Plowman. T. H., 155. 

Plunkett, H., 157. 

Flymen, F. .1.. 168. 

Pollaek, M.. 148. 

Pomorski, .1. M., 46. 

Ponnelle, 96. 

Popoviei, M., 223. 

Porchet, F.. 258. 

Porto. J. C..71. 

Post, T. von, 256. 

Posthuma, F. E., 211. 

Potel, H , 71. 

Pototzki, I. A., 233. 

Potter, .1.. 215. 

Pottie S. C, 33. 

Potts, 0., 33. 

Potts. II. \\\, 33. 

Poupard, ins. 

Pousselot, I'.. 32. 

Powar, T. Lai, 180. 

I'rain. I)., 162, 177, 183. 

Preis, K . , ."> 1 . 

Preissler, 123. 

Prillieux, 113. 

Prinsen Geerligs, H.C., 202. 

Prior, 61. 

Prochazka, I!., 54. 

Promnitz. 138. 

Proudlock, R. L., 163, 181. 

Prove, L39. 

Prudhomme 1 Fiance 1. loo. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



273 



Prudhomme (Madagascar), 111, 

203. 
Prunet, 116. 
Prylewski, F., 140. 
Puchner, H., 150. 
Pulman, I. A., 241. 
Pulvermuller, P., 137. 
Purfiirst, H.. 147. 
Pye, H.. 43. 

Quajat, E., 188. 
Quinn, G., 41. 
Quinton, J. P., 164. 
Quodling, H. C, 40. 
Qvam, O. H., 218. 

Rabe. O., 135. 
Rademacher, 136. 
Raievski, 230. 
Raleigh, J. A., 73. 
Ramires, B., 221. 
Rao, B. V., 180. 
Rao, C. K.S., 179. 
Rao, R., 180. 
Rappe, C, 252. 
Raulin, 105. 
Ravaz, L., 108. 
Ray, R., 183. 
Raynor. T. G., 84. 
Recoura, 101. 
Reed, J. H., 83. 
Reese, C, 140. 
Reich, 141. 
Reichelt, K.. 131. 
Reid, A., 205. 
Reimann, 125. 
Reinders, G., 213. 
Reinmann, R., 137. 
Reis, A. S., 222. 
Reiach, 141. 
Reitmair, O., 59. 
Remington. J. S.. 159. 
Remington. T. M., 159. 
Remy, L., 63. 
Remy, T., 121. 
Renault, 114. 
Requiao, J. A.. 71. 
Rettich, 148. 

Reuterskiold, C. G. L., 251. 
Reynolds, J. B., 83. 
Rhodin, S., 249. 
Richardson, E. W., 160. 
Riche, 105. 
Richter, 121. 
Richter, L., 149. 
Ridley, H. N., 164, 247, 248. 
Ridley, M., 163, 179. 
Rigg, J. E., 159. 
Rigterink, H., 213. 
Rindell, A., 235. 
Ringelmann, >!., 113. 
Ringleben, O., 123. 
Ringshausen, 131. 
Ripper, M., 59. 
Ritchie, J. D., 213. 

5368— No. 1H.'— 04— 



Ritter, E., 259. 

Kitthausen, 141. 

Ritzmann, G.. 140. 

Riviere, 117. 

Riviere, J. J. Brutel de la, 201. 

Robertson, G., 163, 206. 

Robertson, R., 82. 

Robin, L., 117. 

Robinson, A., 44. 

Robinson, G., 204. 

Robinson, T. P., 168. 

Rockner, 141. 

Rodewald, H., 140. 

Roemer, H., 123. 

Roettgen, T., 132. 

Roger, 94. 

Roman, G, 223. 

Roinburgh, P. van, 201. 

Rommel, 121. 

Roos, L., 107. 

Rorig, 123. 

Rose, J. G., 87. 

Rosebery, 156. 

Rosetti, T., 72. 

Ross, C, 40. 

Ross, G., 210. 

Rossi, E., 187. 

Rossi, F., 1S9. 

Rostrup, O., 91. 

Roth, A., 261. 

Rothenbach, F., 121. 

Rotmistrov, V. G., 236. 

Roulller, 94. 

Rounet, 99. 

Rousse'aux, E., 95. 

Rousset, H., 103. 

Roux, L., 114. 

Rowsome, A., 83. 

Rowsome, H. R., 83. 

Rud, .)., 219. 

Rudzick,121. 

Ruhanen, K., 235. 

Ruijven. P. van. 213. 

Rulke, 121. 

Rvimker, K. von. 127. 

Ruppert, F., 151. 

Rusche, F., 140. 

Rushton, J. C, 165. 

Russell, E. J., 168. 

Russell, H., 154. 

Rutherford, W. J., 83. 

Ryf, 32. 

Sabanyeev, X. P., 245. 
Saint-Andeol, R. de, 95, 
Saito, M., 194. 
Sakano, H., 194. 
Sakellario, D., 00. 
Sakovich, L. I.. 238. 
Salenski, R. G.. 226. 
Salfeld, A., 125. 
Salich, R.. 60. 
Salkovski, 141. 
Sambraus, 141. 
Samuels, J. F. H., ■_'< ) l . 
Sands, W. X., 78, 162. 

-18 



Satava, J., 55. 

Saulnier, G., 190. 

Saunders, \Y., 81, 82. 

Savastano, L., 189. 

Schaller (Augustenbergi. 121. 

Schaller (Hohenheim), 137. 

Scheibe, A., 144. 

Scheij, L. T. C, 211. 

Schellenberg, H., 261. 

Schenke, Y., 126. 

Scherpe, 123. 

Schiffel, A., 51. 

Schindler, J., 56. 

Schinner, 121. 

Schleh, 146. 

Schlich, \V., 156. 

Schmid, E., 51. 

Schmidt, 136. 

Schmidt, H., 50. 

Schmidt, O., 170. 

Schmidt, P., 132. 

Schmidt, T., 148. 

Schmitt, T., 59. 

Schmitz, 125. 

Schmoeger, M., 128. 

Schneider, T., 125. 

Schneider, W., 126. 

Schneidewind. W., 134. 

Scholl, 146. 

Schonemann, P., 135. 

Schonewald, 121. 

Schonfeld, F., 121. 

Schonherr, P., 146. 

Schoyen, K., 220. 

Sch0yen, W. M., 219. 

Schragen, E., 212. 

Schrefeld, 123. 

Schreiber, P., 146. 

Schreiner, P.. 119. 

Schrewe, 141. 

Schribaux, E., 113. 

Schroeder, R. R.. 242. 

Schukov, J.. 225. 

Schulemann, 138. 

Schiiler, A., 146. 

Schulhofer, S., 151. 

Schulte, J. I., 2. 

Schultze, 134. 

Schultze, H., 127. 

Schulz (Geisenheim), 132. 

Schulz (Soest) , 146. 

Schulze, 121. 

Schulze, 1$., 126. 

Schulze, F., 49. 

Schuman, 134. 

Schutz. 123. 

Schutz, E., 259. 

Schwaekhofer, W., 144. 

Schwarzenberg, J. A. von, 50. 

Scott, A. H., 161. 

Scott, G., 1S4. 

Scriven, E. G. E., 37. 

Sc. M., 184. 

Scars, F. C, 85. 

Sebelien, J., 217. 

Seehorst, C. von, 133. 



274 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



Seers, F. W., 163, 179. 
Seguin, 115. 
Seifart, 126. 
Seisal, J., 58. 
Selmer, M. M., 216. 
Semichon, L., 109. 
gemma, r., 185. 
Sempolovski, A.. 241. 
Sergent. 98. 
Serughi, U., 186. 
Sestini, ¥.. 189, 192. 
Seton, R. S., 165. 
Severin, s. a.. 234. 
Seymour. E., 222. 
Sharpe. s. ('.. HIT. 
Sharpe, T. A., 81. 
Shatilov, I. O., 236. 
Shatilov, S., 230. 
Shavrov. X., 242. 
Shay, W., 78. 
Sheir, 73. 

Shepherd. F. K., 78, 162. 
Sherrington, A. E., 85. 
Shoshima, K., 196. 
Shutt. F. T., 81. 
Siedel, J.. 134. 
Sieden. F., 139. 
Sieglin, H., 137. 
Sierig, 121. 

Sigmond, A. von, 173. 
Sijpkens, J. v., 213r- 
Silva, J. F. de, 88, 162. 
Sim, T. R.. 205. 
Simon, 148. 
Simon, J., 149. 
Simons, A. J. J. B., 87. 
Simpson, C. B., 263. 
Sinclair, St. C. O., 86 
Sintoni, A.. 1st;. 
Sixt, E., 71. 
Sjollema, B., 208. 
Slaus-Kantschieder, J., 56. 
Slim, A., 212. 
Sly, F. G., ISO, 181. 
Smahel, J., 54. 
Smith, ('.. 159. 
Smith, C. B., 2. 
Smith, F. B., 263. 
Smith, H. G., 37. 
Smith, J., 164. 
Smith, J. J., 201. 
Smith, W. G., 165. 
Smith, W. M., 75. 
Smitt, J., 216. 
Snellen, E.. 211, 213. 
Snierstra. T. .].. 211. 
Snoek, .T. v.. 202. 
Sode, von der, 148. 
Soderbaum, H. G., 2)9. 257. 
Sodlaczek, W., 51. 
Soelberg, T. , 220. 
Soiptur, G., 32. 
Sokhotzki, J. J., 233. 
Sokolovski, J., 237. 
Solberg, E., 220. 
Solonenko, M. P.,i235. 



Soul a, 102. 

South worth, W., 167. 
Souza Aranha, T. E. de, 71. 
Soxhlet, F. von, 144. 
Spegazzini, C, 32. 
Spiecker, 125. 
Spieekermann, A., 146. 
Spiess, H., 140. 
Spillut, S., 85. 
Sponholz, K., 227. 
Sprecher, 115. 
Sprenger, 138. 
Springer, S., 83. 
Stiilbrand, C. G., 252. 
Standen, W. M.. 163, 181. 
Stanek, V., 5). 
Stang, 121. 
Starz, W., 137. 
Staudinger, W., 135. 
Stauwe, L., 238. 
Stebler, F. G., 263. 
Steel, C. 165. 
Steen, C, 218. 
Steffeck, H., 134. 
Steglich, B., 130. 
Stein, E. H., 124. 
Stein, V., 91. 
Steinegger, 260. 
Stempel, 228. 
Stenback, L., 235. 
Stephen, J. H., 163, 181. 
Steven, A. C, 223. 
Stevenson, E. B., 85. 
Stewart, A. D., 165. 
Stewart, J. G., 165. 
Stewart, W. O., 83. 
Stiegeler, 121. 
Stiepel. 123. 
Stift, A., 60. 
Stjernquist. O., 255. 
Stockhausen, 121. 
Stockman, S., 263. 
Stohr, V., 56. 
Stoklasa, J., 54. 
Stoll, R., 147. 
Stoner, J. C, 152. 
Storch, V. S., 90. 
Storey, T. H., 163, 184. 
Stravomyslov, 241. 
Strebel, E. V., 137. 
Strecker, \\'., 142. 
Streit, H., 83. 
Strohmer. F., 60. 
Strokirk, C. G., 251. 
Struve, 121. 
Stuart, G. H., 183. 
stutzer, A., 141. 
Sula, J., 55. 
Summers, W. L., 41 
Sutcr, P. H., 33. 
Sutton, G. L., 33. 
Svoboda, H., 49. 
Svolinski, M., 237. 
Swanwick, R., 156. 
Swaving, A. J., 207. 
Szekely, S., 170. 



Szeil, L. von, 171. 
Szyszylowicz, I. R. von. 50. 

Tabart, T. A., 42. 
Tacke, B., 125. 
Tallamini, M., 190. 
Taratinov, N. P., 228, 229. 
Taulis, E., 88. 
Taylor, A., 163, 214. 
Tedin, H., 255. 
Teichert, K., 151. 
Teiehman, von, 147. 
Teitel, 225. 
Teller, 134. 
Terehov, S., 236. 
Tervooren, H., 202. 
Teversham, T. F., 77. 
Teysonnier, 111. 
Thaisz, L.,170. 
Thallmayer.V., 173. 
Theiler, A., 263. 
Theobald, F. V., 168. 
Theoktistov, A.. 239. 
Thiel, 121. 
Thiele, E., 263. 
Thiry, L., 108. 
Thiselton-Dyer, W. T., 161. 
Thomas, H., 127. 
Thompson, B. L., 35. 
Thompson, D. S., 33. 
Thompson, H., 160. 
Thompson, W. J.. 77, 162. 
Thorns, G., 238. 
Thoni, G., 260. 
Thorn, H., 162, 177. 
Thome, R. S., 183. 
Thornley, A., 164. 
Tiemann, H., 151. 
Tierevelt, H. J., 212. 
Tihheiev, I. I., 223. 
Tillmans, 146. 
Timiryazev, D. A.. 223. 
Timotheev, S., 232. 
'i'islikevich, V. S.. 232. 
Tisserand, E., 111. 
Tito. 185. 

Tiwari, J. Lai, 180. 
Todaro, F., 187. 
Toepler, A., 238. 
Tolf, L., 252. 
Tolf, R., 251, 252. 
Tolkiehn, 140. 
Tolmaez, B., 147. 
Tooke, W. H., 86. 
Torak, E., 171. 
Tordai, G., 170. 
Toth, G.,170. 
Touchard, 114. 
Touhochevski, A., 226. 
Townsend, E. R., 222. 
Trabut, L., 31. 
Tresk, E., 253. 
Treub, M.,201. 
Trojan, J., 46. 
Tromp de Haas, W. R., 201. 
Trubetzkoi, P., 237. 



INDEX OF NAMES. 



275 



Truchanovski, 226. 
True, A. C, 2. 
Truninger, E., 259. 
Tullgren, A., 248. 
Tweengs, W., 211. 

Ucker, J., 262. 
Udo, K.. 196. 
Ulbricht, R., 128. 
Ullmann, M., 136. 
Ulric»,121. 
Upmeyer, 116. 
Uroussov, V., 226. 
Ushimura, K.. 195. 
Utra, G. R. P. d', 71. 

Valeton, T., 201. 

Van Bijlert, A., 202. 

Van Calear, P. C, 212. 

Van den Berghe, J., 68. 

Van der Bruggen, B. M., 61. 

Van der Have, J., 212. 

Van der Jagt, H. A. G., 202. 

Van der Zande, K. H. M., 208. 

Van Deventer, M., 202. 

Vail ha, J. J., 16. 

Vankeirsbilck, J., 163, 204. 

Van Romburgh, P., 201. 

Van Ruijven, P., 213. 

Vassilliere, L., 93, 102. 

Vauchez, 114. 

Vaughan, W., 165. 

Veenhoven, J., 212. 

Veenhuizen, C, 212. 

Veenhuizen, G., 212. 

Velbel, B., 237. 

Vermail, 32. 

Vermorel, V., 118. 

Yerschoor, M., 213. 

Verson, E., 188. 

Vette, G., 149. 

Vezin, 97. 

Vieth, P., 136. 

Vieville, V., 103. 

Vignon, L., 105. 

Vilke, J. A., 253. 

Ville, 116. 

Vincens, J., 117. 

Vines, S. H., 161, 166. 

Viollette, 99. 

Vitek, E., 54. 

Vivier, A., 106. 

Voelcker, J. A., 154. 

Vogel, 147. 

Vogel, H., 150. 

Vogelsang, von, 146. 

Voigt, A., 136. 

Volkart, A., 263. 

Volkholz, 142. 

Vollers, H., 146. 

Vorpahl, 125. 

Votocek, E., 54. 

Vries, K. L. de, 212. 

Vuaflart, 94. 

Vuillet, J., 111. 

Waard, J. de, 212. 



Waby, J. F., 73. 

Wadner, G., 252. 

Wagener, 146. 

Wagner (Berlin), 121. 

Wagner (Weihenstephan i. L50. 

Wagner, P., 129. 

Wahl, von, 121. 

Wahlstedt, L. J., 250. 

Wakely, C, 156. 

Wakerley, F., 164. 

Waldeyer, L., 146. 

Waldschmidt, P., 143. 

Walker, X., 165. 

Wallace, J. O., 164. 

Walldin, J. N., 255. 

Wallenberg, von, 126. 

Walque, F. de, 63. 

Walsingharu, 160. 

Wangenheim, A. T., 226. 

Wangenheim, T. P., 226. 

Wangnik, 141.. 

Warcollier, 98. 

Ward, H. M., 155, 161. 

Ward, R., 73. 

Wardley, W., 168. 

Warsage, F., 67. 

Waschata, K., 56. 

Watson, W., 161. 

Watt, A., 39. 

Watts, F., 74, 75, 78. 

Waugh, T., 163, 214. 

Weber, C, 125. 

Weber, F., 238. 

Weber, O., 73. 

Wege, 134. 

Wehner, 137. 

Wehnert, H., 139. 

Weibull, M., 257. 

Weidert, T., 129. 

Weigmann, H., 140. 

Wein, E , 150. 

Weinzierl, T. von, 60. 

Weiser, S., 169. 

Weiske, H., 127. 

Weiss, J. E., 150. 

Weissmiiller, E., 259. 

Weissmiiller, E. C, 259. 

Weitzel, R., 129. 

Welinder, B., 255. 

Wellmann, 221. 

Went, F. A. F. C, 207. 

Wenzel, 121. 

Werner (Breslau), 126. 

Werner (Posen-Jersitz), 147. 

Wesche, G., 135. 

West, G. S., 156. 

Westerdijk, J. B., 213. 

Westh, T. C, 90. 

Westhausser, 137. 

Westman, A., 250. 

Wetzel, 121. 

Weydom Claterbos, J. C. von, 211. 

Whelan, T. M., 205. 

White, P. J., 154. 

Whitton, J. W., 159, 161. 

Whyte, A., 72. 161. 

Wichelhaus, 147. 



Wichmann, H., 61. 
Wicken, P. G., 44. 
Wickstrom, E., 253. 
Widen, J., 254. 
Widrnar, W., 50. 
Wiener, A., 52. 
Wiener, W. von, 236. 
Wiengreen. 136. 
Wieninger. G., 52. 
Wiersma, K., 213. 
Wigman, H. J., 201. 
Wilcox, E. V., 2. 
Wild, J., 32. 
Wilfarth, H., 123, 124. 
Wilke, 121. 
Wilkinson, T., 159. 
Will, H., 144. 
Williams, IX D., 153. 
Williams, J., 73. 
Williams, R. W.,234. 
Willis, J. C, 87, 162. 
Wilner, 0., 252. 
Wilson, P., 89. 
Wilson, W. T., 165. 
Wimmer, G., 123. 
Wimmer, Z., 169. 
Windisch, K., 132. 
Windisch, R., 172. 
Windisch, W., 121. 
Winkelmann. A., 262. 
Winter, T., 154. 
Wissell, von, 128, 
Wittmack, L., 122. 
Wittmann, C, 48. 
Wohltmann, F., 125. 
Wnjciechowski, S., 50. 
Wolf, W., 130. 
Wolfbauer, J. F., 59. 
Wollny, 121. 

Wolstenholme, E. K., 34. 
Wood, J. M., 163, 205. 
Wood, T. B., 155. 
Woodhead, S. A., 167. 
Wooldridge, G. H., 156. 
Woolverton, L., 84, 85. 
VVortley, E. J., 77. 
Wortmann, J., 132. 
Wright, H., 87. 
Wright, R. P., 158. 
Wukknitz, von, 128. 
Wiirg, 126. 
Wyndham, G., 157. 

Yachevski, A., 240. 
Yagodin-Kuvshinov, I., 244. 
Yeo, C, 43. 
Yeoward, D., 162. 
Yermolov, A. S., 223. 
Yilinski, J. J., 223. 
Young, C, 85. 
Young, T. J., 168. 
Yunge, A., 237. 

Zacharias, E., 136. 
Zachart, 134. 
Zaitschek, A., 169. 



276 



I\Di:.\ OF NAMES. 



Zalka, /,.. 172. 

Zanardelli, 185. 

Zande, K. II. M. van ■ !<■, , 208, 

Zapfe, M., 138. 

Zavitz, C. A.. 83, 84. 

Zecchini, M., 191. 

Zehntner, L., 203. 



Zois, V.. 119. 
Zetterling, L. A.. - , :>7. 
Zielinski, z., 245. 
Zielstorff, \v., 137. 
Zikes, II., 61. 

Zimmermann, a. (German Kasl 
Africa i, 119. 



Zimmerman, A. (Java i, 201. 
Zimmermann, H., l is. 
Zc.cl.l. 52. 
Zschokke, T., 261. 
Zuniga, V. C. M. de, 246. 
Ziirn, K. S., 142. 



o 



